肉桂引种栽培研究

通过多点试种,生物学特性研究,生长量测定,收获加工和质量检定,证明在四川南部长江河谷,南亚热带气候区域,引种栽培肉挂的可行性,并总结出适于当地气候环境的栽培技术,现已初具生产规模,有较好的经济社会效益。     

药食心葆汤对心血瘀阻证冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸及凝血功能的影响

目的:观察药食心葆汤联合西药治疗冠心病的临床疗效及其对血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)水平凝血功能的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年1月于郑州市中医院心内科入院治疗并确诊为心血瘀阻证的冠心病患者200例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,对照组102例,观察组98例,对照组患者采用常规西药治疗,观察组在此基础上联合药食心葆汤治疗,药物干预治疗8周,比较两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY),凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT),部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT),纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)]等指标。结果:治疗后观察组患者凝血功能、血清HCY水平改善程度优于对照组(P0.05);观察组可明显降低CHD患者血清HCY水平(P0.05),调节患者的凝血功能(P0.05),组间比较显示两组有明显差别,特别是在改善凝血功能方面,观察组明显优于对照组(P0.05),对照组治疗前后各项指标没有统计学差异。结论:药食心葆汤联合西药治疗冠心病的临床疗效确切,能有效降低CHD患者HCY水平、调节凝血功能,值得临床推广使用。     

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The study of local knowledge about natural resources is becoming increasingly important in defining strategies and actions for conservation or recuperation of residual forests. AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study therefore sought to collect information from local populations concerning the use of Nandi Forest medicinal plants; verify the sources of medicinal plants used and determine the relative importance of the species surveyed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was obtained using semi-structured forms to record the interviewee's personal information and topics related to the medicinal use of specific plants. A total of 40 medicinal plants used locally for the treatment and/or control of human ailments were collected through interviews conducted with selected traditional doctors and professional healers. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that local people tend to agree with each other in terms of the plants use and that leaf material form the major component of plant parts exploited. The other harvested materials consist of stem bark, the roots and the whole plant, though at a lower intensity for making liquid concoctions from different plants. Majority of the remedies were prepared from a single species. In most cases, the mode of administration was oral. In the forest, some of the plants collected were scarce. This scarcity was attributed to indiscriminate logging, overexploitation, poor harvesting methods and current agricultural trends. CONCLUSION: Conservation procedures and creation of awareness were identified as the main remedies to the current situation.     

Use of phytotherapy in dentistry

Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. This study was aimed at a literature review focusing on studies investigating herbal drugs and other natural products, as well as their therapeutic application, side effects and possible drug interactions. Few studies were found to support their rational use in dentistry. Since there is an increasing use of phytotherapeutic agents in dentistry, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety and effectiveness for clinical use.     

Preliminary investigation of the central nervous system effects of 'Tira-capeta' (Removing the Devil), a cigarette used by some Quilombolas living in Pantanal Wetlands of Brazil

During an ethnopharmacological survey carried out among some Quilombolas living in Brazil, 48 plants with possible central nervous system (CNS) action were cited. A mixture of nine plants, known as 'Tira-capeta' (Removing the Devil) cigarette, has been utilized for years as a tonic for the brain. The effects observed after consuming this cigarette are: dizziness, lightness sensation, humor changes, yawns, heavy eyes, hunger, sleep and relaxation. This study aimed to verify the effects of a hydroalcohol extract of 'Tira-capeta' cigarette (ETC), as well as to evaluate the phytochemical profile. The phytochemical screening carried out through characterization reactions, thin layer chromatography and high efficiency liquid chromatography indicated the presence of tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids; tannins and phenolic acids being the principal constituents. The pharmacological tests showed that ETC induced a biphasic effect, with intense initial stimulation of the CNS, followed by a general depressor state; decreased the latency for sleeping and increased the total sleeping time (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg), without causing prejudice in motor coordination (doses up to 200 mg/kg); induced catalepsy in mice, verified 10 and 50 min after drug administration (500 mg/kg). Also, no anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects were verified in rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze.     

天灸治疗腰椎退行性骨关节炎30例

目的观察天灸治疗腰椎退行性骨关节炎的疗效。方法将60例腰椎退行性骨关节炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别采用天灸疗法或假天灸疗法。观察治疗前后Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestrydisability index,ODI)、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果治疗组在降低ODI和VAS方面显著优于对照组(P0.01)。结论天灸能改善腰椎退行性骨关节炎的功能障碍及缓解疼痛,简便易行。     

Natural Volcanic Material as a Sustainable Photocatalytic Material for Pollutant Degradation under Solar Irradiation

Recently, photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a solid approach for efficient wastewater cleaning. Using natural materials as photocatalysts means a promising solution to develop green catalysts for environmental purposes. This work aimed to study the suitability of a natural volcanic material (La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain) as a photocatalytic material for the degradation of pollutants in wastewater with solar energy. After analysing the properties of the natural material (BET surface 0.188 m²/g and band-gap of 3 eV), the photocatalytic activity was evaluated at laboratory and pilot plant scale for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water (50 mg L⁻¹), at 20 °C, during a period of 4 h, under UV/Vis light and solar irradiation. Photolytic and adsorption studies were developed to distinguish the photocatalytic contribution to the wastewater decontamination process by photocatalysis. Our results enable us to determine the viability of black sand as a photocatalytic material activated by solar irradiation (photodegradation of MB up to 100% by using solar energy), developing a natural and green photocatalytic system with significantly high potential for application in a sustainable wastewater cleaning process.     

Two Approaches to Incorporate Clinical Data Uncertainty into Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis for Benefit-Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products

BackgroundThe Problem formulation, Objectives, Alternatives, Consequences, Trade-offs, Uncertainties, Risk attitude, and Linked decisions (PrOACT-URL) framework and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) have been recommended by the European Medicines Agency for structured benefit-risk assessment of medicinal products undergoing regulatory review.ObjectiveThe objective of this article was to provide solutions to incorporate the uncertainty from clinical data into the MCDA model when evaluating the overall benefit-risk profiles among different treatment options.MethodsTwo statistical approaches, the δ-method approach and the Monte-Carlo approach, were proposed to construct the confidence interval of the overall benefit-risk score from the MCDA model as well as other probabilistic measures for comparing the benefit-risk profiles between treatment options. Both approaches can incorporate the correlation structure between clinical parameters (criteria) in the MCDA model and are straightforward to implement.ResultsThe two proposed approaches were applied to a case study to evaluate the benefit-risk profile of an add-on therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (drug X) relative to placebo. It demonstrated a straightforward way to quantify the impact of the uncertainty from clinical data to the benefit-risk assessment and enabled statistical inference on evaluating the overall benefit-risk profiles among different treatment options.ConclusionsThe δ-method approach provides a closed form to quantify the variability of the overall benefit-risk score in the MCDA model, whereas the Monte-Carlo approach is more computationally intensive but can yield its true sampling distribution for statistical inference. The obtained confidence intervals and other probabilistic measures from the two approaches enhance the benefit-risk decision making of medicinal products.     

医用卫生材料管理的SWOT分析

本文在调查研究的基础上,详细阐述了目前医用卫生材料管理中的各类问题。用SWOT分析法对医用耗材管理的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁进行了深入剖析,结合自身实践提出了完善医用耗材管理的具体对策,期待给同行的实际工作以借鉴,为管理层决策以参考。     

通过FTIR与DSC分析医疗器械包装材料成分特性

介绍了医疗器械塑料包装材料的特性,通过FTIR和DSC简单快捷的分析了包装材料聚乙烯与聚丙烯的成分及聚合度,为以后相关医疗器械包装材料的残留单体及添加剂等有害物质分析确认提供参考。