颈椎内植入固定器生物力学性能测试系统的研究

在颈椎生物力学研究中,通过离体实验对颈椎内植入固定器的生物力学性能进行评价是国际上普遍采用并认可的方法.本研究利用多靶点三维运动跟踪系统和USB数据采集卡,以LabVIEW和Matlab为软件开发平台,构建了颈椎内植入固定器生物力学性能测试系统.测试参数包括三维运动角度范围(ROM)和压力载荷值.对颈椎模型的测试结果表明,本系统能有效地用于颈椎生物力学的离体实验测试.     

Antistressor effect of dalargin in rats with immobilization stress

Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. I. Kuzin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 6, pp. 617–619, June, 1991.     

Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma massively involving the gastrointestinal tract

A case Is presented of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma seen In a 53 year old mate, which extensively Infiltrated systemic organs, Including the entire digestive tract from the esophagus to the rectum. Payer's patch Invasion was evident. Multiple Intestinal perforations caused death 5 months later. Surface marker studies suggested the marginal zone origin for this CD2CT B cell malignancy.     

Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling, and recovery of muscle function

Context: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) describes muscle pain and tenderness that typically develop several hours postexercise and consist of predominantly eccentric muscle actions, especially if the exercise is unfamiliar. Although DOMS is likely a symptom of eccentric-exercise–induced muscle damage, it does not necessarily reflect muscle damage. Some prophylactic or therapeutic modalities may be effective only for alleviating DOMS, whereas others may enhance recovery of muscle function without affecting DOMS.Objective: To test the hypothesis that massage applied after eccentric exercise would effectively alleviate DOMS without affecting muscle function.Design: We used an arm-to-arm comparison model with 2 independent variables (control and massage) and 6 dependent variables (maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary strength, range of motion, upper arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness). A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired t tests were used to examine differences in changes of the dependent variable over time (before, immediately and 30 minutes after exercise, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postexercise) between control and massage conditions.Setting: University laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy subjects (5 men and 5 women) with no history of upper arm injury and no experience in resistance training.Intervention(s): Subjects performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic (90°·s⁻¹) eccentric actions of the elbow flexors with each arm on a dynamometer, separated by 2 weeks. One arm received 10 minutes of massage 3 hours after eccentric exercise; the contralateral arm received no treatment.Main Outcome Measure(s): Maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic elbow flexor strength, range of motion, upper arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness.Results: Delayed-onset muscle soreness was significantly less for the massage condition for peak soreness in extending the elbow joint and palpating the brachioradialis muscle (P < .05). Soreness while flexing the elbow joint (P = .07) and palpating the brachialis muscle (P = .06) was also less with massage. Massage treatment had significant effects on plasma creatine kinase activity, with a significantly lower peak value at 4 days postexercise (P < .05), and upper arm circumference, with a significantly smaller increase than the control at 3 and 4 days postexercise (P < .05). However, no significant effects of massage on recovery of muscle strength and ROM were evident.Conclusions: Massage was effective in alleviating DOMS by approximately 30% and reducing swelling, but it had no effects on muscle function.     

MRI刚性平移运动模糊图像建模与恢复

磁共振成像过程中,患者的轻微运动可产生运动伪影。运动伪影会使MR图像模糊,从而影响医生对病灶区域的准确检测。传统抑制运动伪影的方法大多基于运动模型已知的情况下,忽略频率编码期间产生的运动,对K空间数据进行处理达到修正伪影的目的。本研究针对任意的刚性平移运动可由无数的匀速直线运动复合而成的特点,建立了匀速直线运动模糊图像的数学模型,并尝试在图像域内用状态空间的方法和Hough变换的理论进行处理,对小幅度水平匀速运动模糊图像的修正取得了满意的结果。在处理任意方向的匀速直线运动时,由于谱线在旋转时不可避免地进行近似插值处理,虽然校正后的图像也有较大的改善,但还有待进一步研究。另外,对较大幅度水平匀速运动模糊图像的修正,还需要寻求更好的方法来准确估计谱线中相邻暗线之间的距离。通过上述理论及实验的分析验证可以看出,本研究所提出的方法对处理MRI运动模糊图像的研究有一定的理论意义。     

Intestinal motility responses to neuropeptide γ in vitro and in vivo in the rat: comparison with neurokinin 1 and neurokinin 2 receptor agonists

We have studied the effect of a novel tachykinin, neuropeptide γ(NPγ) on small intestinal motility in the rat. Experiments were done in vitro on longitudinal muscle strips of duodenum, and in vivo on the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) of the small intestine. In vitro, contractile effects of NPγ were compared with those of a selective neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor agonist, substance P methyl ester (SPME), and a selective neurokinin 2 (NK2) receptor agonist, Nle¹⁰-NKA(4–10)(NleNKA). NPγ, SPME and NleNKA caused concentration-dependent contractions (P < 0.001). NPγ was eight-fold more potent than NleNKA, and 118-fold more potent than SPME. Contractile responses to NPγ were reduced by hexamethonium (P < 0.01) and atropine (P < 0.05). The non-selective NK receptor antagonist spantide I only slightly reduced the contractile response to NPγ, as did the selective NK1 antagonist GR 82334, and the selective NK2 antagonist L-659877 and MEN 10376. In vivo, effects of NPγ on the MMC were compared with those of the natural tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA). NPy disrupted the MMC and induced irregular spiking in a dose-dependent manner from 25 to 100 pmol kg^-1 min^-1 i.v. (P < 0.05). The effect of NPγ was more prominent than that of NKA at equal doses, while SP had no effect. Our findings show that NPγ exerts potent stimulatory effects on small intestinal motility, most likely mediated directly via distinct NK receptors on smooth muscle cells, but also indirectly via a cholinergic link.     

Four-Dimensional Computerized Tomography （4D-CT） Reconstruction Based on the Similarity Measure of Spatial Adjacent Images

Objective：To investigate the feasibility of a 4D-CT reconstruction method based on the similarity principle of spatial adjacent images and mutual information measure. Methods：A motor driven sinusoidal motion platform made in house was used to create one-dimensional periodical motion that was along the longitudinal axis of the CT couch. The amplitude of sinusoidal motion was set to an amplitude of ±1 cm. The period of the motion was adjustable and set to 3.5 s. Phantom objects of two eggs were placed in a Styrofoam block, which in turn were placed on the motion platform. These objects were used to simulate volumes of interest Undergoing ideal periodic motion. CT data of static phantom were acquired using a multi-slice general electric （GE） LightSpeed 16-slice CT scanner in an axial mode. And the CT data of periodical motion phantom were acquired in an axial and cine-mode scan. A software program was developed by using VC ＋ ＋ and VTK software tools to resort the CT data and reconstruct the 4D-CT. Then all of the CT data with same phase were sorted by the program into the same series based on the similarity principle of spatial adjacent images and mutual information measure among them, and 3D reconstruction of different phase CT data were completed by using the software. Results：All of the CT data were sorted accurately into different series based on the similarity principle of spatial adjacent images and mutual information measures among them. Compared with the unsorted CT data, the motion artifacts in the 3 D reconstruction of sorted CT data were re- duced significantly, and all of the sorted CT series result in a 4D-CT that reflected the characteristic of the periodical motion phantom. Conclusion：Time-resolved 4D-CT reconstruction can be implemented with any general multi-slice CT scanners based on the similarity principle of spatial adjacent images and mutual information measure. The process of the 4D-CT data acquisition and reconstruction were not restricted to the hardware or software of the C     

Numerous eosinophilic globules (skeinoid fibers) in a duodenal stromal tumor: An exceptional case showing smooth muscle differentiation

A unique case of duodenal stromal tumor In a 51-year-old man is reported. The tumor histologically showed spindle cell proliferation and numerous eosinophilic globules. Most globules were composed of tangled 45 nm thick fibrils, which were ultrastructurally Identical to 'skelnoid fibers'. The presence of glycogen granules in the tumor cells and the Immunoreactivity for α-smooth muscle actin suggested smooth muscle differentiation. Focal ultrastructural findings also supported the smooth muscle nature of this tumor. There were no immunohistochemical and ultra-structural features indicating neural differentiation. In previous studies, the presence of such 'skeinoid fibers' was suggested to be a histological marker for neural differentiation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. However, the findings In the present case suggest that numerous 'skeinoid fibers' can be Identified in duodenal stromal tumor with smooth muscle differentiation, although this condition may be rare.     

Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection in Taiwan: Establishment and implementation

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a major public health issue, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become one of the standard therapies for recurrent or refractory CDI. When compared to medical therapies, such as metronidazole or vancomycin, FMT has a high rate of treatment response with acceptable safety and efficiency. Following promulgation of the amendments in September 2018 in Taiwan, FMT has been indicated for recurrent or refractory CDI. The Taiwan Microbiota Consortium contributed to the Taiwan FMT Expert Consensus, which established basic norms and stipulated essential principles, including the indications for transplantation, eligible locations and personnel, donor screening policies, fecal sample handling, and post-FMT follow-up. However, establishing an eligible FMT team in a qualified hospital remains a clinical challenge, and the requirement for facilities and well-screened donors impedes the implementation of FMT. In this review, we aim to provide domestic FMT teams with explicit instructions to facilitate realization and increase the practice of FMT. Based on the Taiwan FMT Expert Consensus and current regulations, we performed a literature review and integrated the experiences of Taiwanese multidisciplinary experts into this article. The content intends to offer clinicians up-to-date evidence and highlight the essential points of FMT.     

基于椭圆方程的三维心脏超声图像的位移场估计

三维超声心动图技术能使医生直观地看到心脏整体和各部分的运动，在临床得到重视。在三维超声心动图技术中，如何定量的描述心脏中某个组织的运动状况极具临床意义。本研究提出了一种基于椭圆偏微分方程的二尖瓣三维运动估计方法。该方法直接在三维超声图像的位移场上进行了运动估计，避免了传统运动估计方法，如光流法，需要标定的缺点。本研究首先建立一个二次误差指标函数，然后利用变分法导出了三维空间下的一组椭圆型偏微分方程。这类方程有着比较成熟的数值解法，利用了有限差分法，对多个三维超声数据立方体进行了计算，结果证明这类方法是有效的。