HIF-1α和VEGF在大肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(H IF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法:免疫组化法检测61例大肠癌组织中H IF-1α及VEGF蛋白表达,并与15例正常大肠组织比较。结果:大肠癌组织中H IF-1α和VEGF的阳性表达率分别为54.10%(33/61)和62.30%(38/61),均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);两者呈正相关(r=0.505,P<0.05);Dukes分期中的表达存在显著差异(P<0.05);组织学分级中的表达则无差异性(P>0.05)。结论:H IF-1α及VEGF在肿瘤血管生成和转移中起重要作用,联合检测H IF-1α和VEGF可作为判断大肠癌转移潜能和预后的重要指标。     

肝癌组织中TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达意义

目的 了解TIMP－1和TIMP－2在肝癌组织中的表达状态,探讨TIMP－1和TIMP－2在肝癌组织生长、侵润及转移中所起的作用。方法 以抗TIMP－1和TIMP－2单克隆抗体（mAb)为试剂,采用免疫组织化学法检测原发性肝癌、肝高分化腺癌的肝组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2的表达,并与10例正常肝组织做对照。结果 10例原发性肝癌患的肝组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达的阳性率为100％,在癌组织及非癌组织中均有表达。癌组织中的TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达的强度比较为6例高于、4例低于周围的非癌组织（慢性肝炎及肝硬化组织）,癌组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白的表达呈散在性分布,但TIMP－1比TIMP－2表达强。9例肝高分化腺癌的腺癌组织中无TIMP－1和TIMP－2相关抗原的表达,但癌周组织的肝细胞有3例TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达为阳性。10例正常肝组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达均为阴性。结论 TIMP－1和TIMP－2存在于原发性肝癌的癌组织中,其表达的部位与强度可能与癌的生长、浸润及转移有关。     

肝腺瘤的CT诊断与鉴别

目的 探讨肝腺瘤的CT诊断与鉴别。方法 对经手术和病理证实的2例肝腺瘤行CT平扫及3期增强扫描,观察病灶平扫特征表现及3期增强扫描强化特点。结果 1例平扫为单发低密度病灶,增强扫描为动脉期、静脉期均匀一致强化,平衡期造影剂淡出;1例为多发低密度病灶,其中肝右叶近边缘病灶出血破入被膜下,增强扫描3期均匀一强化,平衡期无淡出趋势。结论 肝腺瘤的CT表现是变化的、非特异的,密切结合病史及多种辅助检查的合理应用是提高诊断正确率的关键。     

黏蛋白抗原4与肿瘤的相关研究进展

黏蛋白抗原4(MUC4)是一跨膜的黏附分子,近来发现在人体许多组织、器官中都有表达,与胰腺癌的发病机制有关,超乎常规地表达于其他上皮性肿瘤,并与肿瘤细胞的生长、浸润、转移相关。卵巢上皮性肿瘤早期诊断困难,MUC4可能与其发生、发展有关。MUC4可作为肿瘤早期诊断和预后的分子标志物,为治疗提供了新方向。     

Coexistence of Intracytoplasmic Lumens and Membrane-bound Vesicles in an Invasive Carcinoma Arising in a Cystosarcoma Phyllodes

An unusual invasive breast carcinoma, arising in a cystosarcoma phyllodes and characterized by a variable cytoplasmic appearance and mucin content, was evaluated to determine the nature of the secretory material within the cells as well as the type of secretory organelle at the ultrastructural level. Histochemical studies revealed both acidic (sialic acid) and neutral mucin within the tumor cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed secretory material within membrane-bound vesicles in some cells and within intracytoplasmic lumens in others; some cells contained both membrane-bound vesicles and intracytoplasmic lumens simultaneously. The Golgi derivation of the intracytoplasmic lumens was supported by their presence within or near hyperplastic Golgi complexes. The histochemical characteristics of the secretory material is correlated with their ultrastructural site of accumulation.     

Intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws—A clinicopathologic review. Part I: Metastatic and salivary‐type carcinomas

This is the first part of a 3‐part comprehensive review of intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws. We have outlined 4 groups of intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws (metastatic, salivary‐type, odontogenic, and primary intraosseous carcinoma), emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and the problems associated with changing classification systems, standardization of diagnostic criteria and nomenclature, and the accuracy of existing literature. In this first part, the features of metastatic and the very rare salivary‐type carcinomas of the jaws are examined with particular emphasis on histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, diagnostic difficulties, and uncertainties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012     

Survey of the use of tests for human papilloma virus and epidermal growth factor receptor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in UK head and neck multidisciplinary teams

Human papilloma virus (HPV), usually type 16, has emerged as an aetiological and prognostic marker of oropharyngeal carcinomas, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck. This makes the identification of cancers associated with these biomarkers important in the management of patients. We surveyed UK head and neck multidisciplinary teams by email using an online form to assess the use of biomarker testing. Overall 33 cancer networks were contacted and 28 (85%) responded. HPV tests were used in departments by 22 (79%) of our respondents, while only 3 (11%) used EGFR tests. The commonest reasons for not using them were lack of availability and lack of clinical indication.