血清肿瘤标志物联合检测在肺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨血清19片段角蛋白((2YFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、癌胚抗原((CEA)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测提高肺癌的阳性率，为临床提供早期诊断、治疗的依据。方法：采用电化学发光和免疫比浊法检测155例肺癌、72例肺良性疾病和50例正常人血清CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA和β2-MG的水平。结果：肺癌4项标志物联合检测阳性率明显高于肺良性疾病组和健康人正常对照组，其中CYFRA21-1阳性率以鳞癌最高(77．7％)，与其它型肺癌存在显著差异。NSE阳性率以小细胞性肺癌最高(78．4％)，与其它型肺癌存在显著差异。结论：CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、β2-MG是诊断肺癌有价值的肿瘤标志物组合，有助于提高肺癌诊断的阳性率、特异性和准确性。     

DNA flow-cytometric analysis in colorectal cancer: A comparison of metastasizing and non-metastasizing tumours

The most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer is metastatic liver disease. In order to identify patients at a high risk of developing hepatic secondaries from colorectal cancers, DNA content was measured in metastasizing colorectal primaries (Group I, n= 32) as well as in their subsequently resected liver secondaries and in sections of non-metastasizing colorectal cancers (Group II, n= 25). A modified interpretation system involving both a DNA index and percentage of cycling cells (those in S and G2 + M phases) was developed. DNA content was measured in paraffin-embedded sections by flow cytometry using internal controls (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and non-malignant tissue controls (19 patients with diverticular disease). In Group I there were significantly more tumours with both abnormal ploidy (aneuploid or abnormal tetraploid peak) and > 15% cycling cells compared with Group II (Chi-squared; P= 0.034). The combination of abnormal ploidy and > 15% cycling cells was superior to Dukes’ classification for identifying metastasizing tumours (Logistic Regression; P= 0.047). However, it was not possible to discriminate between the two groups using either DNA ploidy or the percentage of cycling cells alone. The metastasizing colorectal cancers exhibited similar DNA ploidy characteristics and had a similar percentage of cycling cells compared with their liver metastases. These results suggest that tumour DNA ploidy plus the percentage of cycling cells may predict the development of liver metastases and thus survival in patients with colorectal cancer.     

In vitro radiation sensitivity of the lncap prostatic tumor cell line

Because there is extremely limited information on the intrinsic radiosensitivity of human prostatic cancer cells, we have investigated the in vitro radiation response of exponentially growing LNCaP cells. Due to the very poor colony-forming potential of the LNCaP cells, radiation survival was investigated using the dose-dependent (0-6 Gy) changes seen after X-irradiation in the shapes of regrowth curves. Survival was described using both the single-hit, multitarget (SHMT) equation and the linear-quadratic (LQ) equation. The values and 95% confidence limits of the extrapolation number (n), quasi-threshold dose (D_q), and mean lethal dose (D_o) in SHMT terminology were respectively: 0.9 (0.7-1.0), 0.0 Gy, and 1.39 (0.11) Gy. The LQ alpha and beta parameters were respectively 6.80 (1.13) and -0.53 (2.89). The X-ray dose response of the LNCaP line is, therefore, purely exponential. The mean survival at the clinically relevant dose of 2 Gy (S₂) was 51.2% for the LNCaP line. Comparison of the S₂ value for the LNCaP line with previous investigations with other human prostatic cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) indicates a mean S₂ value of 47.6%, which suggests that human prostate cancer cells might lie toward the resistant side of the spectrum for various classes of human neoplasms. © 1994 Wiey-Liss, Inc.     

三种泻心汤及其类方不同配伍对正常大鼠胃粘液成分的影响

目的:探讨半夏泻心汤及其类方不同配伍对正常大鼠粘液含量的影响.方法:用均匀设计法对半夏泻心汤及其类方进行组方药量变化,以胃粘液含量为药理学指标,对所得的药理实验数据进行逐步回归分析.结果:与胃粘液含量关联度最大的为黄连,可以显著降低其含量,其次对半夏、大枣和甘草的交互项,可增加胃粘液含量.药物之间存在复杂的交互作用.结论:均匀设计为研究类方配伍提供了一种可供参考的试验设计方法.     

肺癌组织中α1-抗胰蛋白酶的表达及生物学特征

目的研究α1AT(α1-antitrypsin)在肺癌组织中的表达及其病理学意义。方法检测141例肺癌患者及162例正常对照血清α1AT活性。通过免疫组化方法研究α1AT在肺癌组织中的表达，分析其与肺癌组织分型、分化程度及临床分期的关系。结果α1AT活性在肺癌患者中明显降低，α1AT活性低者肺癌发生的危险性升高。肺癌组织α1AT表达显著升高，α1AT表达与肺癌的临床分期相关，但与肺癌组织类型无关。结论α1AT在肺癌的发展与演进中可能具有重要的意义。     

CXC趋化因子与肿瘤血管新生

趋化因子在免疫调节、血管新生以及介导肿瘤的器官特异性转移中发挥重要作用。其中CXC趋化因子超家族由于N-端谷氨酸-亮氨酸-精氨酸基序(Glu-Leu-Arg,ELRmotif)的有无使其在血管新生过程中具有了促进或者抑制血管新生的不同作用:含有ELR(ELR )的CXC趋化因子经血管内皮组织上CXCR2介导血管新生促进作用;而不含有ELR(ELR-)的CXC趋化因子通过血管内皮组织上CXCR3介导血管新生抑制作用。     

Development of oral and maxillofacial oncology in China

Theclinicalandbasicresearchonoralandmaxillofacialneoplasmshasbeenperformedduringthepast 5 0 yearsinChina,thesummarizationofwhichwillbenefititsfurtherdevelopmentinthe 2lstcentury SPECIALIZEDTEAMHASBEENCONSTRUCTEDBefore 1 95 0 ,stomatologyhadnotexistedinChina ,andtherehadbeenalackofaspecializedteamengaginginoralandmaxillofacialneoplasms Inthe 1 95 0s,theestablishmentofstomatologyinChinamademanagementoforalandmaxillofacialneoplasmsinsomespecializedhospitalspossible Thelargenumberof…     

Burden of injuries and diseases in Yunnan Tin Miners

The burden of injuries is underestimated to an even greater extent in developing countries than in industrialized countries. The objective of this paper is to analyze injuries and diseases in the monitored work place of the world's largest tin mining operation in Yunnan, South China.     

儿童单纯性肥胖症和营养不良胃排空分析

目的 :探讨单纯性肥胖症与营养不良患儿胃动力学状态 .方法 :以牛奶作为胃液体试验餐 ,采用实时超声测定液体胃排空 .结果 :单纯性肥胖症、营养不良患儿及健康儿液体试验餐 12 0min后胃内残留率分别为 (7.4± 4 .0 ) % ,(2 3.4±5 .6 ) %和 (14 .2± 10 .5 ) % (单纯性肥胖症与营养不良患儿相比 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;其 10 0 %胃排空所需时间分别为 (14 7± 2 8) ,(176± 18)和 (16 9± 4 7)min(营养不良患儿较肥胖患儿和正常对照胃排空时间明显延长P <0 .0 5 ) ;试餐后 6 0min各组胃体蠕动频率和胃窦收缩频率 (次·min-1)分别为 4 .2± 0 .6和 4 .6± 0 .6 ;2 .5± 0 .3和 2 .7± 0 .4及 3.8± 0 .6和 3.7± 0 .9.单纯性肥胖症空腹胃动素水平 (4 4 3± 83)ng·L-1明显高于营养不良患儿 (2 19± 6 6 )ng·L-1,P <0 .0 5 .结论 :单纯性肥胖儿胃液体排空明显加快 ;营养不良患儿胃液体排空延迟     

Effects of clonidine and tricyclic antidepressants on gastric smooth muscle contractility

To determine if and how clonidine and tricyclic antidepressants affect gastric contractility. Guinea pig fundic and antral circular muscle strips were studied in vitro. The effects of clonidine or amitriptyline added in graded concentrations on contractions to electric field stimulation (EFS), acetylcholine (ACh), and SP in the presence of N(epsilon)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) were studied. EFS produced frequency dependent contractions of fundic and antral muscle that were abolished by atropine or tetrodotoxin (TTX). ACh contractions were abolished by atropine but not TTX. Clonidine reduced contractile response to EFS but had no effect on ACh contractions. The threshold concentration of clonidine to inhibit EFS contractions was lower in the fundus than in the antrum. Amitriptyline reduced contractions to both EFS and ACh but not to SP. The threshold concentration of amitriptyline to inhibit EFS contractions was lower in the antrum than in the fundus. Both clonidine and amitriptyline affect gastric contractility. At threshold concentrations, clonidine affects fundic contractility whereas amitriptyline affects antral contractility. Clonidine affects gastric contractility in response to EFS but not to ACh, suggesting alpha-2 receptors on cholinergic nerves that reduce ACh release. Amitriptyline inhibits gastric contractility to EFS and ACh suggesting an inhibitory muscle effect.