紫外分光光度法测定更昔洛韦滴眼液的含量

目的:建立更昔洛韦滴眼液含量的测定方法。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定更昔洛韦的含量。结果:更昔洛韦在4~16μg/ml浓度范围内与吸收度有良好的线性关系,回归方程为A=0.0531 7C 0.010 4,r=0.999 9;平均回收率为99.83%,RSD为0.45%(n=5)。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于医院制剂的快速分析。     

Ganciclovir treatment in Ménétrier's disease

A 2-y-old girl with severe edema, oliguria and hypoalbuminemia caused by protein-losing gastritis was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus-associated Ménétrier's disease. After almost two weeks, during which the patient required repeated albumin transfusions, she was treated with intravenous ganciclovir. Within five days her condition had improved, and no additional albumin replacement was needed. Complete recovery was observed after several weeks. CONCLUSION: In patients with severe Ménétrier's disease, a course of ganciclovir treatment may be of benefit and should be considered.     

Adenovirus/Herpes Simplex-Thymidine Kinase/Ganciclovir Complex: Preliminary Results of a Phase I trial in Patients with Recurrent Malignant Gliomas

The management of patients with glioblastoma remains challenging with an average survival of 32-56 weeks. We report on a clinical trial of patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with adenovirus/herpex simplex-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (ADV/HSV-tk/GC). Entry criteria for this study included: recurrent malignant glioma after surgical resection and conventional radiation therapy. At the time of recurrence, computerized volumetric resection of the tumor was performed and the ADV/HSV-tk complex was injected in the tumor bed. GC was administered 24 h after surgery (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. Patients were divided into 3 ADV/HSV-tk dose-escalating cohorts. Adenoviral vector shedding, and local or systemic toxicity did not occur in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging showed lack of increased brain edema in the treated patients. Histological examination of the 5 patients that had repeated surgery after gene therapy treatment showed lack of tissue toxicity. Additionally, PCR for HSV-tk was negative in the brain 3 months after injection. The patients' Karnofsky score was maintained > or = 70 in 8/10 patients (80%) and 5/9 patients (55%) 3 and 6 months respectively, after gene therapy. Ten of 11 patients survived > or = 52 weeks from diagnosis with an average survival of 112.3 weeks. One patient is still alive 248 weeks from diagnosis. These data show that the ADV/HSV-tk/GC complex at the dose used in this study is safe. Additional dose escalation is currently in progress.     

HSVtk/GCV自杀基因系统治疗小鼠腹水瘤的研究

目的:研究HSVtk/GCV系统对腹水瘤的治疗作用.方法:采用XTT、动物实验、透射电镜和流式细胞仪等方法.结果:HSVtk( )的P388tk细胞对GCV的敏感性约为其亲本P388细胞的37倍,且对其邻近的HSVtk(-)的P388细胞或S细胞具有旁观者效应,当P388tk细胞与P388细胞或S细胞混合培养,5μg/ml GCV处理后,P388tk细胞占混合细胞的10%,就可杀伤50%的混合细胞.动物实验中P388tk细胞或P388tk与P388细胞等量混合所致的荷瘤鼠在以CCV治疗后与对照组相比,肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,小鼠生存期明显延长;细胞死亡的机制与凋亡有关.结论:在体内和体外水平,HSVtk( )的P388tk细胞能被GCV有效杀伤,且对其邻近的HSVtk(-)的细胞产生旁观者效应.     

Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with ganciclovir and cytomegalovirus immune globulin in liver and intestinal transplantation

Liver and intestinal transplant recipients at the University of Miami receive an intensive regimen of cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylactic therapy consisting of a combination of CMV immune globulin intravenous (CMV-IGIV, CytoGam®) and ganciclovir. The 5-year experience with this regimen in liver transplant patients showed effective CMV prophylaxis in this patient population. The importance of an effective prophylactic strategy was underscored by higher observed rates of chronic rejection and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in CMV-infected patients. The use of CMV-positive donors for intestinal transplants did not increase the incidence of CMV disease. Intestinal transplant recipients had improved survival rates, reflecting an aggressive policy of monitoring, immunosuppression, and CytoGam® plus ganciclovir prophylaxis.     

更昔洛韦与病毒唑治疗小儿水痘的疗效比较

目的:探讨更昔洛韦与病毒唑治疗小儿水痘的临床疗效。方法:将120例水痘患儿随机分为两组,更昔洛韦 组、病毒唑组各60例。更昔洛韦组给予更昔洛韦5mg/(kg·d)静滴,每日1次治疗;病毒唑组给予病毒唑10mg/ (kg·d)静滴,每日1次治疗。两组均计数退热时间及皮疹结痂时间,同时观察药物的毒副作用。结果:更昔洛韦 组平均退热时间为(2.61±0.47)d,明显少于病毒唑组(3.7±0.38)d(P<0.05);皮疹结痂时间,更昔洛韦组为 (3.24±0.27)d,明显少于病毒唑组(4.3±0.31)d(P<0.05)。两组药物治疗过程中无明显毒副作用。结论:更昔 洛韦治疗小儿水痘疗效显著,明显优于病毒唑。     

Valganciclovir is an effective prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients

Objectives:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant recipients. Prophylaxis using valganciclovir (VGCV) in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration and its use is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VGCV in CMV prophylaxis in OLT recipients.

Methods:

We carried out a retrospective, single-centre study including all OLT procedures performed during 2005–2008. Patients with early death (at ≤30 days), without CMV serology or prophylaxis, or with follow-up of <1 year were excluded.

Results:

The overall incidence of CMV disease was 6% (n = 9). The ganciclovir (GCV) and VGCV groups had similar incidences of CMV disease (4.6% vs. 7.0%; P = 0.4) and similar distributions of disease presentation (CMV syndrome vs. tissue-invasive CMV; P = 0.4). Incidences of CMV infection, as well as disease presentation, were similar between the high-risk (CMV D+/R−) and non-high-risk groups (P = 0.16). Although acute cellular rejection occurred more frequently in patients who developed CMV disease (P = 0.005), overall survival in these patients did not differ from that in patients who did not develop CMV infection (P = 0.5).

Conclusions:

Valganciclovir is an effective antiviral for the prevention of CMV disease in liver transplant recipients. Our data support its use in high-risk OLT patients.     

更昔洛韦联合胸腺肽治疗小儿巨细胞病毒感染疗效分析

目的探究更昔洛韦联合胸腺肽在HCMV感染的小儿患者治疗中的临床应用价值。方法采用前瞻性开放研究,共收集80例在我院就诊的人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)小儿患者,分别进行更昔洛韦联合胸腺肽治疗和单用更昔洛韦治疗,经统计学分析比较两组治疗的总有效率和不良反应发生率。结果将二者总有效率和不良反应率采用SPSS18.0统计软件进行卡方检验后,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论更昔洛韦与胸腺肽联合治疗小儿巨细胞病毒感染的疗效明显优于单用更昔洛韦治疗,且其不良反应明显低于后者,因此值得在临床上推广应用。     

回顾性分析本院用更昔洛韦与阿昔洛韦治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效

目的 回顾性分析本院用更昔洛韦与阿昔洛韦治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的疗效.方法 收集近年在本院门诊就诊的100例(106眼)单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎患者,其中48例用更昔洛韦眼用凝胶;37例用阿昔洛韦眼液.比较两者疗效.结果 更昔洛韦组与阿昔洛韦组总有效率分别为91.7%,75.7%,显示更昔洛韦眼用凝胶的有效率好于阿昔洛韦眼液(P＜0.05).结论 更昔洛韦眼用凝胶治疗单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的效果较好.