红细胞调控白细胞免疫功能新的自然实验研究体系

目的用血液免疫反应路线图实验体系评估红细胞在白细胞免疫活性中的作用。方法将0·3ml血浆加入0·2ml全血细胞悬液(全血细胞组)或0·2ml白细胞悬液(白细胞组)中,37℃温育1h,用免疫酶联法测定IL-8和IL-12水平,流式细胞仪测定白细胞膜CD4、CD8、CD35和CXCR4表达量。结果全血细胞组IL-8和IL-12水平(分别为5·96±4·26、9·84±2·23ρB·pg-1·ml-1)明显低于白细胞组(分别为15·09±9·86、13·59±3·69ρB·pg-1·ml-1,P<0·05),淋巴细胞CD4、CD35、CXCR4表达量(分别为37·79±12·00、154·66±70·00、34·40±20·45)明显高于白细胞组(分别为18·54±11·32、83·26±35·99、16·69±11·09,P<0.01),粒细胞CD35表达量(603·63±257·64)明显高于白细胞组(384·86±174·16,P<0.01)。成人全血细胞组淋巴细胞和粒细胞CD35和CXCR4表达量明显高于脐血全血细胞组(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论红细胞是白细胞(包括T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞等)免疫功能的调控者和指导者,脐血红细胞免疫调节功能明显下降;本研究为红细胞免疫调控活性测定提供了新的近似自然的方法。     

调节性CD4+T细胞在大鼠自发肝移植耐受中的作用

目的 探讨在肝移植的自发耐受模型中，调节性CD4^＋T细胞的免疫抑制作用机制。方法 利用近交系大鼠从Lewis（LEW）到Wistar Furth（WF）的肝移植组合，对移植后不同时期的宿主注射抗CD4的单克隆抗体（Anti-CD4mAb），然后抽血检测丙氨酸氨基转氨酶（ALT）的动态变化；并结合细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）试验了解宿主脾细胞中T细胞亚群的动态改变。结果 对肝移植自然生存的宿主注射Afiti—CD4mAb后，术后第21天、42天均能够诱导出肝损害（排斥反应），但第56天、100天以上的则未能诱导出来，且该损害能被抗CD8单克隆抗体阻断。另外CTL试验显示宿主的脾细胞中，初始型CTL前体细胞在移植56d后未能检测出来。结论 在自发性肝耐受模型中。宿主术后早期存在由CD4^＋T细胞介导的下调原始效应性T细胞的作用机制。     

Are hospitals prepared to support newborn survival? – an evaluation of eight first‐referral level hospitals in Kenya*

Objective To assess the availability of resources that support the provision of basic neonatal care in eight first‐referral level (district) hospitals in Kenya. Methods We selected two hospitals each from four of Kenya’s eight provinces with the aim of representing the diversity of this part of the health system in Kenya. We created a checklist of 53 indicator items necessary for providing essential basic care to newborns and assessed their availability at each of the eight hospitals by direct observation, and then compared our observations with the opinions of health workers providing care to newborns on recent availability for some items, using a self‐administered structured questionnaire. Results The hospitals surveyed were often unable to maintain a safe hygienic environment for patients and health care workers; staffing was insufficient and sometimes poorly organised to support the provision of care; some key equipment, laboratory tests, drugs and consumables were not available while patient management guidelines were missing in all sites. Conclusion Hospitals appear relatively poorly prepared to fill their proposed role in ensuring newborn survival. More effective interventions are needed to improve them to meet the special needs of this at‐risk group.     

Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopical characterization of cerebrovascular and senile plaque amyloid in aged dogs'' brains

Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopical studies were carried out on 28 aged dogs' brains. Amyloid deposits were seen in the arteries and capillaries in the leptomeninges and in superficial areas of the cortices in 19 (67.9%) of the 28 dogs (10-22 years of age). Immunohistochemically, these amyloid deposits were reactive for anti-beta/A4 antibody. Additionally, a variable number of parenchymal deposits with diffuse beta/A4-immunoreactivity (diffuse plaques) was also noted throughout the cerebral cortex in 24/28 dogs (85.7%). However, these plaque lesions were undetectable in Congo red staining. Electron microscopically, amyloid fibrils, measuring 10 nm in width, were located mainly in the tunica media of the arteries, and in less involved vessels they tended to be present among collagen fibres in the adventitia and smooth muscle cells in the outer layer of the media. The plaque lesions appeared to contain sparse aggregations of amyloid fibrils. In immunoelectron microscopical examinations, all amyloid fibrils in both blood vessels and plaques were selectively labelled by gold particles. These findings indicate that aged dogs can provide a useful experimental model for research into the beta/A4-type of cerebral amyloidosis commonly seen in Alzheimer's disease.     

Open, Double-Blind and Long-Term Study of Vigabatrin in Chronic Epilepsy

We performed an open, double-blind, and long-term study of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl-GABA, GVG) in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy who were receiving only one or at most two standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The novel design included a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase that minimized the number of patients receiving placebo and allowed determination of the optimum dose of GVG for each patient before initiation of the double-blind phase. The study was divided into four phases. The first phase was a 6-week period of baseline observation. In the second phase, GVG was added openly to previous AEDs for 8 weeks. During the first 2 weeks of this phase, the dose of GVG was increased weekly and then, in the absence of adverse effects, was held constant for the next 6 weeks. At the end of this open phase, seizure frequency during the 6 weeks of constant treatment was compared with the baseline seizure frequency for each patient. Patients who experienced reduction greater than 50% in the frequency of any seizure type during the open phase were defined as responders. These responders were then entered into the third and double-blind phase, in which they were randomly allocated wither to continue active GVG treatment or placebo for 8 weeks. Thirty-three patients entered the study; 31 of 33 patients completed the initial open phase. Twenty patients achieved a reduction greater than or equal to 50% in the frequency of one or more seizure types and were eligible for the double-blind phase; 10 were randomized to continue GVG and 10 were randomized to placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Synthesis,AM<Subscript>1</Subscript> calculation,and biological studies of thiopyran-4-one and their azine derivatives

Some novel N(1)-arylidene-N(2)-cis-2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-one azine derivatives were synthesised and their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida-6, Candida-51, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated.     

散发性结直肠癌中SMAD4基因的突变

目的观察SMAD4基因在散发性结直肠癌中的突变，并探讨其对散发性结直肠癌发生发展的意义。方法对本院83例散发性结直肠癌患者，应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性（PCR—SSCP）分析癌组织中SMAD4基因各外显子的突变情况，基因突变率与临床病理参数间采用，检验；应用多态性微卫星标记研究SMAD4基因所在18q21区的杂合性缺失。结果SMAD4基因在83例散发性结肠癌的患者中共有9例发生突变，平均突变率为10．8％。经Χ^2检验SMAD4基因突变率在肿瘤的Dukes分期及有无远处转移间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而与肿瘤的分化程度、发生部位及患者的性别差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。18q21区的杂合性缺失率为62．71％，其中发生突变的9例均存在18q21区的杂合性缺失。结论SMAD4基因的突变可能介导了散发性结直肠癌后期的发生发展。     

激素间歇冲击及小剂量维持治疗IgA肾病的随机对照研究

目的:探讨激素间歇冲击及小剂量维持与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗中度蛋白尿IgA肾病的疗效及其影响因素。方法:47例IgA肾病患者随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组(21例)给予ACEI药物治疗,实验组(26例)在此基础上口服泼尼松0.5mg/kg,隔日给药,治疗12个月,并在治疗的第1、3、5个月初分别给予甲基泼尼松龙0.5g/d,冲击3d。对肾脏病理改变进行WHO分级并对各种病变进行半定量分析。结果:两组间在性别、年龄、临床及病理资料间无统计学差异。平均随访14个月后,实验组尿蛋白完全缓解8例(30.8%),部分缓解14例(53.8%),无缓解4例(15.4%);而对照组分别为4例(19.1%),3例(23.8%),12例(57.1%),有统计学差异(P<0.01)。治疗前后,实验组血肌酐分别为(89.9±30.3)μmol/L及(88.2±32.8)μmol/L;对照组分别为(89.5±37.9)μmol/L及(104.0±49.7)μmol/L,但两者比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示疗效与肾小球硬化率及肾小管间质病变呈负相关。结论:激素间歇冲击及小剂量维持治疗能显著减少蛋白尿,维持肾功能稳定。影响疗效的主要因素为肾小球硬化率及肾小管间质病变程度。     

In vivo kinetics and displacement study of a carbon-11-labeled hallucinogen,N,N-[11C]dimethyltryptamine

The endogenous hallucinogen, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), was labeled with carbon-11 and its regional distribution in rat brain studied. [¹¹C]DMT showed higher accumulation in the cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, and amygdaloid nuclei. Studies of the subcellular distribution of [¹¹C]DMT revealed the specific localization in the fractions enriched with serotonin receptors only when a very low dose was injected into rats. The proportions of the radioactivity in receptor-rich fractions were greatly enhanced by pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline. Specific binding of [¹¹C]DMT to serotonin receptors in dog brain was demonstrated by a positron emission tomographic study in which 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine caused approximately 20% displacement of the radioligand from the receptors.     

CTLA4-Ig在异体移植方面的相关研究进展

CTLA4-Ig是一种融合免疫球蛋白,可以选择性地阻断CD28与B7的信号传导通路,导致T细胞免疫失能,诱导对特异性抗原的免疫耐受. 本文介绍了其生物学特性、免疫诱导耐受机制及在异体移植方面的研究进展和局限性,其在异体移植方面展示了良好的应用前景.