炒神曲中短链脂肪酸的HS-GC/MS分析研究

[目的]建立炒神曲中短链脂肪酸的顶空气相色谱-质谱联用分析方法(HS-GC/MS)。[方法]采用HS-GC/MS分析炒神曲中短链脂肪酸。炒神曲样品密封于顶空进样瓶中进样分析。[结果]通过检索美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)标准质谱库,鉴定了7种短链脂肪酸:乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸。[结论]该方法能够快速分析炒神曲中短链脂肪酸,为炒神曲的质量控制研究奠定基础。     

不同产地脱脂乳木果仁总酚含量测定及其生物活性

测定了26个不同产地脱脂乳木果仁甲醇提取物的总酚含量(TPC)、抗氧化、细胞毒、EB病毒早期抗原(EBV-EA)抑制等活性,并评价了TPC与各生物活性间的相关性。采用紫外分光光度法测定TPC;采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除法、2,2′-连氮基-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除法和铁离子还原法(FRAP)3种方法评价提取物抗氧化活性;3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)法评价提取物对人白血病细胞HL60,肺癌细胞A549和乳腺癌细胞SK-BR-3的细胞毒性;间接免疫酶法评价提取物对EBV-EA抑制活性。结果表明:不同产地乳木果仁总酚含量相差较大(25.8~265.7 mg/g,以没食子酸计);部分产地提取物或有较好的抗氧化活性［DPPH:IC₅₀ 3.4~54.9 μg/mL,ABTS:1.11~4.09 mmol/g(以Trolox计),FRAP:1.24~1.93 mmol/g(以Trolox计)］、较强的细胞毒性(对不同细胞)(IC₅₀ 25.1~95.5 μg/mL)和EBV-EA抑制活性(100 μg/mL:85.8%~94.9%),其中TPC只与抗氧化活性有显著的相关关系(r=0.750~0.837,P<0.01)。     

南葶苈子及炒南葶苈子标准饮片的均匀化方法研究

[目的] 对南葶苈子及炒南葶苈子制备标准饮片的最佳均匀化工艺进行筛选。[方法] 以出粉率、黄酮类化合物的总含量（槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖）、指纹图谱总峰面积作为指标设计L₉（3⁴）正交实验,对投料量、单次粉碎时间、粉碎次数3个因素进行考察,优化南葶苈子和炒南葶苈子制备标准饮片的均匀化方法。[结果] 南葶苈子最佳均匀化工艺：投料量150 g,单次粉碎时间10 s,粉碎4次;炒南葶苈子饮片最佳均匀化工艺：投料量100 g,单次粉碎时间10 s,粉碎3次。[结论] 通过正交实验得到的均匀化工艺方法得当,合理可行,为南葶苈子及炒南葶苈子制备标准饮片进行质量控制研究提供参考,为标准饮片均匀化技术规范制定提供了科学依据。     

Production of Alternaria Toxins in Yellow Peach (Amygdalus persica) upon Artificial Inoculation with Alternaria alternate

The yellow peach (Amygdalus persica), an important fruit in China, is highly susceptible to infection by Alternaria sp., leading to potential health risks and economic losses. In the current study, firstly, yellow peaches were artificially inoculated with Alternaria alternate. Then, the fruits were stored at 4 °C and 28 °C to simulate the current storage conditions that consumers use, and the Alternaria toxins (ATs) contents from different parts of the fruits were analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that the growth of A. alternate and the ATs production were dramatically affected by the storage temperature. At 28 °C, the fungi grew rapidly and the lesion diameter reached about 4.0 cm within 15 days of inoculation, while, at 4 °C, the fungal growth was noticeably inhibited, with no significant change in the lesion diameter. To our surprise, high contents of ATs were produced under both storage conditions even though the fungal growth was suppressed. With an increase in the incubation time, the amounts of ATs showed a steady tendency to increase in most cases. Remarkably, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) were detected in the rotten tissue and also in the surrounding tissue, while a large amount of TeA could also be found in the healthy tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the production of ATs by the infection of Alternaria sp. in yellow peach fruits via artificial inoculation under regulated conditions, and, based on the evidence herein, it is recommended that ATs be included in monitoring and control programs of yellow peach management and food safety administration.     

Effect of Dietary Intake on the Levels of Biliary Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Having Inhibitory Activity on Mutagens

Unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs), such as palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids, haveinhibitory actions on mutagenesis. These FFAs in bile may play a role in preventing cholecystopathy and theirlevels may be influenced by diet. However, the effects of dietary intake on biliary FFAs levels is not known. Inorder to examine possible associations between dietary habits and biliary FFAs levels, bile samples were collectedfrom resected gallbladders of 114 Chilean female patients with gallstones, and FFAs were measured with anHPLC system. The long-term dietary intake of the patients was investigated through a semi-quantitative foodfrequency questionnaire. A high intake of vegetables was negatively correlated with the total FFA level (r = -0.264, P = 0.010). Positive correlations were found between fruit consumption and the lauric acid level (r =0.200, P = 0.041), fish consumption and the levels of oleic (r = 0.370, P <0.0001), linolenic (r = 0.197, P = 0.038)and arachidonic (r = 0.200, P =0.035) acids, and consumption of foods fried in vegetable oil and the linoleic acidlevel (r = 0.269, P =0.004). Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids which may have an inhibitory effect onactions of unknown mutagens in bile appear to be increased by consumption of high levels of fish and friedfoods.     

野桃树根对肝癌细胞毒作用的实验研究

目的：探讨野桃树根对肝癌细胞毒作用。方法：肝癌细胞株与野桃树根浸出液共同体外培养,MTT法测细胞毒作用。结果：0.2%,0.1%,0.05%,0.025%浓度的野桃树根浸出液对SMMC7721细胞的抑制率分别为77.97%,64.06%,36.34%,33.75%;0.2%,0.1%,0.05%,0.025%,0.0125%浓度的野桃树根浸出液对SK-HEP-1细胞的抑制率分别为100%,100%,100%,88.98%,82.64%。结论：野桃树根浸出液在体外对肝癌细胞有较强的杀伤作用。     

基于微粒群优化算法和支持向量机的软测量建模

在分析基本微粒群优化算法(PSO)和支持向量机(SVM)原理的基础上,采用带有末位淘汰机制的微粒群优化算法优化支持向量机的参数,建立了延迟焦化装置粗汽油干点软测量的微粒群支持向量机模型.该方法利用支持向量机结构风险最小化原则和PSO算法快速全局优化的特点,用于软测量建模.仿真实验表明:所建模型的泛化性能较好,模型具有较高的精度.     

离子法测定中蒙药材苦杏仁中六种阴离子的含量

目的: 建立一种同时测定中蒙药苦杏仁药材中F^－、Cl^－、Br^－、NO^－₃ 、SO2^－₄ 、PO^3－₄ 阴离子的含量测定方
法。方法:采用离子色谱法、阴离子色谱柱、氢氧化钠梯度淋洗、电导检测苦杏仁6 种无机阴离子。结果: F^－、
Cl^－、Br^－、NO^－₃ 、SO₂^－4 、PO^3－₄ 的加样回收率介于97%～ 102%,苦杏仁中F－、Cl－、Br－、NO－3 、SO2－4 、PO3－
4 重复性良好,含量分别为0．057%0．084%,0．063%,0．070%,0．30%,0．12%。结论: 离子色谱法可以同时检测苦杏仁中6 种阴离
子,灵敏度高,结果准确可行,为苦杏仁的质量控制提供了一种简便快速的方法．     

基于黄酮成分吸收代谢的炙淫羊藿炮制机制研究

淫羊藿为传统补益类中药,经羊脂油炙后可增强温肾助阳的作用。以往文献对淫羊藿的炮制研究主要集中在化学成分变化和药理药效变化2个方面,本课题组创新性从黄酮成分吸收代谢角度,并基于活性成分转化-肠吸收屏障网络耦联作用研究炙淫羊藿的炮制机制。炙淫羊藿炮制作用分为炮制过程“热”和炮制辅料“羊脂油”的作用2个关键环节,课题组通过连续承担3项国家自然科学基金项目,从ADME角度着重阐明了炙淫羊藿炮制过程中“热”的作用与科学内涵,并首次提出基于“自组装胶束”体内形成机制阐述炮制辅料“羊脂油”的作用与增效机制。该文就课题组多年来对炙淫羊藿炮制机制的研究思路和成果进行总结,并对后续的研究方向和内容进行展望,以期为现代中药炮制机制研究提供新思路与新方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定新生化冲剂中阿魏酸含量

目的：建立测定新生化冲剂中阿魏酸含量的方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱(RP HPLC)法，以ODS C18色谱柱分离，以水(水中含1.0%冰醋酸)∶乙腈∶甲醇＝70∶0.6∶30为流动相，流速为1.0 mL·min 1，检测波长320 nm。结果：线性范围5.4～86.4 μg·mL 1，r＝0.998 7，测得平均回收率99.7%，RSD＝0.49%。结论：反相高效液相色谱法高效、快速、灵敏，可作为新生化冲剂质量控制的有效方法。