上颌可摘局部义齿戴用前后语音效果对比研究

目的：研究戴用上颌复杂可摘局部义齿对汉语单元音共振峰参数的影响。方法：上颌牙列缺损患者可摘局部义齿戴用前后进行6个单元音的检测并对其前3个共振峰（F）参数进行分析。结果：戴牙后āF1、ēF1下降,ōF1、ēF2、ēF3、īF1、ūFl、ūF2、ǖF2升高。结论：可摘局部义齿修复后,患者的语音功能发生较大变化使用Vsgg语音信号处理系统及Matlab分析程序,能客观地反映语音变化情况,为语音功能的临床评价提供依据。     

中国人嗓音共鸣功能的声学基础研究

目的:探索核心单韵母共振峰随着年龄增长的发展规律以及性别的差异;为言语共鸣障碍的评定及治疗奠定研究基础。方法:随机选择2492例被试者,男1318例,女1174例;被试者均接受/a/、/i/、/u/的标准普通话跟读录音。采用D1200数字录音机进行标准录音,并将声音文件导入实时言语测量仪提取共振峰数据,用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果:核心单韵母共振峰随着年龄的增长出现显著的变化(P<0.05),总体呈现下降趋势,其变化主要体现在F1方面;在性别方面,主要反映F2以及共振峰幅度差(ΔA)差异的显著性;核心单韵母间的共振峰差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:①F1、F2受到年龄、性别及核心单韵母(a、i、u)因素的显著影响;②F1、F2随年龄的增长与F0的发展存在关联。     

听力正常成年男性单元音构音运动的声学参数研究

目的:通过对下颌、唇及舌不同构音运动位置及其相应单元音共振峰之间关系的研究,来验证第1共振峰(F1)与下颌运动,第2共振峰(F2)与舌、唇运动之间的关系,探究第3共振峰(F3)与唇运动的关系,揭示F1、F2和F3在构音运动中的临床含义及其应用价值.方法:通过提取30例听力正常成年男性不同构音位置的单元音/a/、/i/、/e/、/u/、/ü/的F1、F2和F3,采用单因素重复测量的实验设计,来验证F1与下颌运动,F2与舌、唇运动的关系,探究F3与唇运动的关系.结果:/a/、/i/、/e/的F1差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),/i/、/ü/的F2、F3之间均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);/a/、/i/、/u/的F2之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),多重比较发现,F2(a)和F2(e)之间差异无统计学意义,其他舌位之间均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:F1能检测下颌构音运动,下颌的3种运动位置为诊断和治疗下颌的精细分级运动提供了依据;F2能检测舌构音运动,对诊断和治疗舌的前后运动障碍提供了依据;F3能检测唇构音运动,圆唇和展唇运动对诊断和治疗唇运动障碍提供了依据.     

Swallowing and feeding in older people with lifelong disability

University staff are in the unique position of having access to knowledge regarding the “cutting edge” of clinical practice issues and also the concerns and challenges faced by speech pathologists at the “coal face” of clinical practice. This article describes a recent workshop organised by the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, at the University of Sydney, to address a number of concerns evident in the field of lifelong disability. By listening to the needsof clinicians in this area, we identified there was a need to provide professional development opportunities related to dysphagia management. We also heard that clinicians were worried about ensuring best practice in dysphagia and communication management. Finally, we heard that clinicians often felt unsupported in their work as they faced daily ethical challenges in the area of dysphagia management. The 1-day workshop was organised to begin addressing these needs. This article reports on the issues raised during the workshop and gives an evaluation of the workshop.     

Development of the Mandarin speech banana

Abstract

Purpose: For Indo-European languages, “speech banana” is widely used to verify the benefits of hearing aids and cochlear implants. As a standardised “Mandarin speech banana” is not available, clinicians in China typically use a non-Mandarin speech banana. However, as Chinese is logographic and tonal, using a non-Mandarin speech banana is inappropriate. This paper was designed to develop the Mandarin speech banana according to the Mandarin phonetic properties.

Method: In the first experiment, 14 participants read aloud the standard Mandarin initials and finals. For each pronounced sound, its formants were measured. The boundary of all formants formed the formant graph (intensity versus frequency). In the second experiment, 20 participants listened to a list of pre-recorded initials and finals that had been filtered with different bandwidths. The minimum bandwidth to recognise a target sound defined its location on the formant graph.

Result: The Mandarin speech banana was generated with recognisable initials and finals on the formant graph. Tone affected the shape of the formant graph, especially at low frequencies.

Conclusion: Clinicians can use the new M andarin speech banana to counsel patients about what sounds are inaudible to them. Speech training can be implemented based on the unheard sounds in the speech banana.     

Computational Model Predictions of Cues for Concurrent Vowel Identification

Although differences in fundamental frequencies (F0s) between vowels are beneficial for their segregation and identification, listeners can still segregate and identify simultaneous vowels that have identical F0s, suggesting that additional cues are contributing, including formant frequency differences. The current perception and computational modeling study was designed to assess the contribution of F0 and formant difference cues for concurrent vowel identification. Younger adults with normal hearing listened to concurrent vowels over a wide range of levels (25–85 dB SPL) for conditions in which F0 was the same or different between vowel pairs. Vowel identification scores were poorer at the lowest and highest levels for each F0 condition, and F0 benefit was reduced at the lowest level as compared to higher levels. To understand the neural correlates underlying level-dependent changes in vowel identification, a computational auditory-nerve model was used to estimate formant and F0 difference cues under the same listening conditions. Template contrast and average localized synchronized rate predicted level-dependent changes in the strength of phase locking to F0s and formants of concurrent vowels, respectively. At lower levels, poorer F0 benefit may be attributed to poorer phase locking to both F0s, which resulted from lower firing rates of auditory-nerve fibers. At higher levels, poorer identification scores may relate to poorer phase locking to the second formant, due to synchrony capture by lower formants. These findings suggest that concurrent vowel identification may be partly influenced by level-dependent changes in phase locking of auditory-nerve fibers to F0s and formants of both vowels.     

咽成形术语音特点的研究

目的 应用计算机语音分析系统研究咽成形术的语音学特点.方法 应用计算机语音工作站,对45例腭裂患者术前和术后语音学特点进行了分析,并与42名健康成年人的语音特点进行了对照研究.结论 咽成形术术前患者语音与术后对比:频谱谱纹散乱,着色浅,出现高频区谱纹加深.提取/a//i//u/3个元音进行共振峰的分析,发现所有腭裂患者的元音频谱上在低频区均有固定的额外共振峰.结论咽成形术对实现完善的腭咽闭合具有重要意义.     

腭裂语音元音共振峰特点的分析

目的　了解腭裂术后患者语音矫治后元音发音的改变,明确语音矫治对腭裂患者语音改善的重要性。方法　应用VS-99语音工作站对10例健康儿童、未进行语音训练的33例腭裂术后患者及16例语音矫治后患者的4个单元音[a]、[e]、[i]、[u]发音进行语音分析。结果　①元音[a]前3个共振峰频率(F1,F2,F3)平均值,3组间无显著件差异(P>0.05)。②元音[e]的F1,F2,F3平均值,语音矫治前组与对照组,矫治前组与矫治后组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.05);而矫治后组与对照组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。③元音[i]的F1,F2,F3平均值,矫治前组与矫治后组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),矫治后组与对照组比较F2、F3有显著性差异(P<0·05)。④元音[u] 的F1,F2,F3平均值,矫治前组与矫治后组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论　腭裂修复术可使患者达到解剖结构上的正常或接近正常,但未达到完善的腭咽闭合,因而需要语音矫治与训练;语音矫治后患者语音有明显改善;通过语音频谱的分析,可为语音矫治提供依据。     

Vowel features in Turkish accented English

The present study quantified the amount of accent in English vowels produced by native adult Turkish speakers. Vowels that are present in both Turkish and English (close vowels) were compared with those that are present only in English (distant vowels). The first two formant frequencies (F1 and F2) were obtained from the 11 English monophthong vowels (/i, i, e, ε, æ, Λ, u, , o, , /) produced by 20 Turkish-accented English (TE) (10 males and 10 females) bilinguals and 20 native American English (AE) speakers. Euclidean distance (ED) was used to measure the separation between the corresponding TE and AE vowels. Perceptual experiment was also carried out to assess the amount of accent in the English produced by Turkish speakers as perceived by native monolingual English speakers. F1 and F2 values revealed that TE speakers generally were able to produce close and distant vowels comparably, with considerable amount of deviation from AE speakers. ED values for close and distant vowels were not significantly different. The amount of perceived accent indicated the precision of vowel production and was found to directly correlate with the acoustic findings.     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术对嗓音的影响

目的:探讨悬雍垂腭咽成形术(uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP)对嗓音的影响。方法:对42例诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患者在UPPP术前和术后1周,1、3个月时分别应用针对嗓音相关的主观调查问卷和电子计算机语音分析系统采集声学样本进行客观统计分析。结果:(1)患者调查问卷结果显示,42例患者中10例(23.8%)出现短时间的轻度腭咽闭合功能不全所致的鼻腔返流现象,15例(35.7%)患者发声有轻度鼻音增高,均于术后1周左右消失。1例歌唱爱好者诉唱高音区时较前感到吃力并高音有所降低。总体患者噪音障碍指数(VHI)量表和噪音相关生活质量(V-RQOL)量表评估值及鼻音问卷于术后1、3个月时无明显变化(均P>0.05)。(2)电子计算机语音分析术前与术后[a]、[i]、[u]、[ai]、[o]5个元音的声学参数结果显示,各元音基频(F0)经配对t检验显示差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);[ai]、[o]元音共振峰各峰值无变化(P>0.05),[a]元音、[u]元音第三、四共振峰有变化:术后1个月和3个月峰值均低于术前(P<0.01),[i]元音第三共振峰降低,第四共振峰增高,均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:UPPP后患者对嗓音的主观心理听觉评估无明显变化;在客观声学检测各参数中仅[a]、[u]、[i]元音共振峰第三、四共振峰有变化。UPPP对嗓音有轻微影响。