121例肺结节患者的语音共振峰初探＊

目的 运用现代声诊技术分析肺结节患者的声诊特征，以期为肺结节患者诊断提供一定的声诊客观依据。方法 应用SmartTCM-1型中医生命信息分析系统的声诊模块，采集肺结节组患者及正常组的语音信号，通过Praat 6.0.34语音分析软件，提取语音共振峰频率参数，分析肺结节患者及其不同中医证型的声诊特征。结果 肺结节组与正常组语音信号中元音[e]的第一共振峰有明显差异（P < 0.05）；肺结节患者实证与虚实夹杂证患者语音信号中元音[e]的第三共振峰有明显差异（P < 0.05）；肺结节患者实证与虚证患者语音信号中元音[e]的第四共振峰有明显差异（P < 0.05）。结论 肺结节患者及其不同中医证型的语音共振峰频率参数存在差异，提示语音共振峰能为肺结节的诊断提供一定的客观依据。     

应用计算机语音分析技术对腭裂语音元音音素的初步分析

应用计算机语音信号分析技术对１２例腭裂患儿和１１例正常儿童所发普通话汉语元音的特点进行了对比研究。文中讨论了元音共振峰模式改变的意义，并依据两组元音的声学参数绘制了声学元音图。结果表明：舌位及舌面高点向后移动是腭裂患儿普遍存在的发音动作。代偿性舌位后移是产生腭裂语音的重要原因。声学元音图表明：腭裂元音的发音舌位基本相同，因而元音的区别特征减弱，清晰度下降。文章还讨论了腭裂术前和术后腭咽闭合不全与分支声管和共鸣腔共鸣的关系问题，指出腭裂术后一定程度的腭咽闭合不全的存在不是影响语音效果的主要因素，腭裂术后语音训练应加强低元音鼻化的纠正。     

English vowels produced by Cantonese–English bilingual speakers

Abstract

The present study attempted to test the postulate that sounds of a foreign language that are familiar can be produced with less accuracy than sounds that are new to second language (L2) learners. The first two formant frequencies (F1 and F2) were obtained from the 11 English monophthong vowels produced by 40 Cantonese–English (CE) bilingual and 40 native American English monolingual speakers. Based on F1 and F2, compact-diffuse (C-D) and grave-acute (G-A) values, and Euclidean Distance (ED) associated with the English vowels were evaluated and correlated with the perceived amount of accent present in the vowels. Results indicated that both male and female CE speakers exhibited different vowel spaces compared to their AE counterparts. While C-D and G-A indicated that acquisition of familiar and new vowels were not particularly different, ED values suggested better performance in CE speakers’ productions of familiar vowels over new vowels. In conclusion, analyses based on spectral measurements obtained from the English vowel sounds produced by CE speakers did not provide favourable evidence to support the Speech Learning Model (SLM) proposed by ¹⁴ Flege, J.E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience. Baltimore, MD: York Press. [Google Scholar]. Nevertheless, for both familiar and new sounds, English back vowels were found to be produced with greater inaccuracy than English front vowels.     

健听儿童与听障儿童韵母/a/及其鼻韵母声学参数的比较研究

目的 探索用于鼻腔共鸣功能客观评估的频域维度声学参数.方法 采用三因素混合实验设计,比较健听儿童韵母/a/及其相关鼻韵母的鼻部第一共振峰(NF1);采用两独立样本t检验的统计方法,比较健听儿童和听障儿童韵母/a/及其相关鼻韵母的鼻部第一共振峰.结果 ①韵母/a/和其相关鼻韵母的NF1存在显著性差异,可以作为鉴别韵母/a/中是否含有鼻音的参数;②健听儿童和存在鼻音功能亢进的听障儿童韵母/a/的NF1存在显著差异,且前者的参数值远大于后者;③健听儿童和存在鼻音功能低下听障儿童的相关鼻韵母的NF1存在显著差异,且前者的参数值远小于后者.结论 对听障儿童进行鼻腔共鸣功能评估与训练时,可以将韵母/a/及其相关鼻韵母作为材料,采用其鼻部第一共振峰作为评估和监控的参数.     

Evaluation of articulation simulation system using artificial maxillectomy models

Acoustic evaluation is valuable for guiding the treatment of maxillofacial defects and determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation with an obturator prosthesis. Model simulations are important in terms of pre‐surgical planning and pre‐ and post‐operative speech function. This study aimed to evaluate the acoustic characteristics of voice generated by an articulation simulation system using a vocal tract model with or without artificial maxillectomy defects. More specifically, we aimed to establish a speech simulation system for maxillectomy defect models that both surgeons and maxillofacial prosthodontists can use in guiding treatment planning. Artificially simulated maxillectomy defects were prepared according to Aramany's classification (Classes I–VI) in a three‐dimensional vocal tract plaster model of a subject uttering the vowel /a/. Formant and nasalance acoustic data were analysed using Computerized Speech Lab and the Nasometer, respectively. Formants and nasalance of simulated /a/ sounds were successfully detected and analysed. Values of Formants 1 and 2 for the non‐defect model were 675·43 and 976·64 Hz, respectively. Median values of Formants 1 and 2 for the defect models were 634·36 and 1026·84 Hz, respectively. Nasalance was 11% in the non‐defect model, whereas median nasalance was 28% in the defect models. The results suggest that an articulation simulation system can be used to help surgeons and maxillofacial prosthodontists to plan post‐surgical defects that will be facilitate maxillofacial rehabilitation.     

Effects of botulinum toxin on vocal tract steadiness in patients with spasmodic dysphonia

Since laryngeal botulinum toxin (BTX) injections have become the treatment of choice for spasmodic dysphonia, the purpose of this study was to examine its effects on the stability of the upper vocal tract as compared to the effects on glottic stability. Two different acoustic methods were used to analyze voice samples from 16 patients with adductor-type spasmodic dysphonias before and after BTX therapy and from a normal control group. Independent acoustic analyses were used to determine laryngeal and upper vocal tract stability. The results showed significantly higher values for the standard deviation of fundamental frequency (SDFO), reflecting laryngeal instability, for the patient group than for the control group and an impressive improvement for the patients after BTX therapy. Further, the equally high values of SDFO for the initial second and a second from the midsegment of phonation were differentially reduced by BTX therapy, resulting in a normal pattern of laryngeal stability during sustained phonation. The variability of the first and second formants, reflecting upper vocal tract instability, showed higher values for the patients compared with the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The present findings showed that BTX injections to the thyroarytenoid muscle had no discernible effect on stability of the upper vocal tract.Presented in part at the 65th Annual Meeting of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chemnitz, 14–18 May 1994 and the First World Voice Congress in Oporto, Portugal, 9–13 April 1995     

舌癌患者术后元音共振峰频谱分析

目的分析舌癌患者术后元音共振峰的变化,了解患者的语音功能状况。方法20名舌体切除范围不超过半舌的舌癌患者为研究对象,对其手术前、后的6个汉语单元音共振峰(F1、F2、F3)进行分析比较。结果手术后患者元音/e/F1、/i/F1、/u/F1、/o/F2、/u/F2上升,/櫣/F2、/i/F3、/櫣/F3下降。结论舌癌术后,患者的语音功能发生明显变化,使用VS-99语音工作站可对患者手术前后语音功能变化特征进行定量分析,为临床语音功能训练提供参考。     

THE DESIGN AND THE APPLICATION OF SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM BY MICROCOMPUTER IN STOMATOLOGY

In this study we established a microcomputer based on speech signal processing system and changes of formant frequencies of the vowels/i/accompany the changes in the oral cavity after maxillary surgery and prosthodontic reconstruction. The study found the first formant frequency, for vowel/i/ has no change, while the second formant frequency peak significantly shifted between the preprosthetic and postprosthetic speaking condition after anterior resection of maxillae, and found there is the correlation between the calculation of relative energy error value and the speech intelligible measured aurally (P<0.05).