精浆尿酸的检测及其与精液参数的相关性研究

目的：建立精浆尿酸（UA）的检测方法并探讨精浆UA水平与精液参数的相关性。方法：根据检测血清UA的方法加以改良建立检测精浆UA的方法,并观察批内变异和不同技术人员检测结果之间的差异以评价方法的可接受性。同时分析138例男性精浆UA水平与患者年龄、禁欲时间、精液量、pH、精子密度、活动率、a＋b级精子百分率和正常形态精子百分率之间的相关性。结果：精浆UA检测方法的批内变异为9.16%,2位技术人员的检测结果没有显著性差异（P=0.541）。精浆UA水平与正常形态精子百分率呈正相关（r=0.350,P=0.025）,与精子活动率和a＋b级精子百分率有呈正相关的趋势（r=0.147和0.156,P=0.085和0.068）,而与精液分析其他参数如精液量、pH、精子密度、禁欲时间以及患者年龄等无相关性。结论：通过对血清UA检测方法加以改良可以建立可接受的精浆UA检测方法。精子形态学、活动率及a＋b级精子百分率可能与精浆UA水平高低有关。     

半自动生化分析仪检测精浆α葡糖苷酶活性的研究

目的:建立半自动生化分析仪检测精浆α葡糖苷酶活性的方法。方法:同时用半自动生化分析仪法(速率法)和手工葡萄糖氧化酶法检测51例精液常规分析参数均正常的男性精浆α葡糖苷酶活性,计算批内和批间变异系数以及正常参考值范围,并分析两种方法检测结果的相关性。结果:2例α葡糖苷酶活性不同的精浆样本用半自动生化分析仪法检测的批内变异系数分别为12.63%和9.13%,批间变异系数分别为10.67%和13.49%,正常参考值范围为102.28～555.08U/L。半自动生化分析仪法和手工法检测的精浆α葡糖苷酶活性呈显著正相关(r=0.792,P<0.01)。结论:半自动生化分析仪检测精浆α葡糖苷酶活性法简便、省时,节省试剂,结果稳定可靠。建议在男科实验室推广使用半自动生化分析仪法检测精浆α葡糖苷酶活性。     

A method for assessing quality of control from glucose profiles.

AIM: As the practice of multiple assessments of glucose concentration throughout the day increases for people with diabetes, there is a need for an assessment of glycaemic control weighted for the clinical risks of both hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. METHODS: We have developed a methodology to report the degree of risk which a glycaemic profile represents. Fifty diabetes professionals assigned risk values to a range of 40 blood glucose concentrations. Their responses were summarised and a generic function of glycaemic risk was derived. This function was applied to patient glucose profiles to generate an integrated risk score termed the Glycaemic Risk Assessment Diabetes Equation (GRADE). The GRADE score was then reported by use of the mean value and the relative percent contribution to the weighted risk score from the hypoglycaemic, euglycaemic, hyperglycaemic range, respectively, e.g. GRADE (hypoglycaemia%, euglycaemia%, hyperglycaemia%). RESULTS: The GRADE scores of indicative glucose profiles were as follows: continuous glucose monitoring profile non-diabetic subjects GRADE = 1.1, Type 1 diabetes continuous glucose monitoring GRADE = 8.09 (20%, 8%, 72%), Type 2 diabetes home blood glucose monitoring GRADE = 9.97 (2%, 7%, 91%). CONCLUSIONS: The GRADE score of a glucose profile summarises the degree of risk associated with a glucose profile. Values < 5 correspond to euglycaemia. The GRADE score is simple to generate from any blood glucose profile and can be used as an adjunct to HbA1c to report the degree of risk associated with glycaemic variability.     

Preemptive Plasmapheresis and Recurrence of FSGS in High-Risk Renal Transplant Recipients

Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) following transplantation is ascribed to the presence of a circulating FSGS permeability factor (FSPF). Plasmapheresis (PP) can induce remission of proteinuria in recurrent FSGS. This study addressed the efficacy of pre-transplant PP in decreasing the incidence of recurrence in high-risk patients. Ten patients at high-risk for FSGS recurrence because of rapid progression to renal failure (n = 4) or prior transplant recurrence of FSGS (n = 6) underwent a course of 8 PP treatments in the peri-operative period. Recurrences were identified by proteinuria >3 g/day and confirmed by biopsy. Seven patients, including all 4 with first grafts and 3 of 6 with prior recurrence, were free of recurrence at follow-up (238-1258 days). Final serum creatinine in 8 patients with functioning kidneys averaged 1.53 mg/dL. FSGS recurred within 3 months in 3 patients, each of whom had lost prior transplants to recurrent FSGS. Two of these progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the third has significant renal dysfunction. Based on inclusion criteria, recurrence rates of 60% were expected if no treatment was given. Therefore, PP may decrease the incidence of recurrent FSGS in high-risk patients. Definitive conclusions regarding optimal management can only be drawn from larger, randomized, controlled studies.     

Fluidity state of lymphocyte plasma membrane in malignant hyperthermia susceptible pigs and humans

Recent studies suggest that abnormalities occur at the lipid level in malignant hyperthermia susceptible humans and pigs. To test this hypothesis, we first investigated the physical state of plasma membranes of lymphocytes isolated from normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine. In halothane-challenged pigs, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility was also assessed by ryanodine binding assay on purified sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. The results clearly show that plasma membrane of lymphocytes from malignant hyperthermic pigs are significantly more fluid than controls. We then attempted to apply the same methodology to lymphocytes prepared from human patients previously diagnosed by the halothane and caffeine contracture test. In that case, there was no clear relationship between malignant hyperthermia susceptibility and the fluidity state of lymphocyte plasma membranes.     

阿霉素不同剂量静脉注射的药动学及其临床意义

采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定１４例肿瘤患者使用不同剂量阿霉素的血药浓度，并计算药代参数。４０ｍｇ／ｍ２和２５ｍｇ／ｍ２两组的血药峰浓度、ＡＵＣ、Ｖｃ差异有显著性。阿霉素的药代动力学存在明显的个体差异，血药峰浓度、Ｖｃ、Ｋ１２与疗效相关。     

Subacute (acute,persistent) thrombotic microangiopathy

Six patients with prolonged acute courses of thrombotic microangiopathy are reviewed. These patients had in common courses of acute disease requiring plasma support for more than 3 months, with subsequent complete remission. Plasma support requirements may be prodigious, and the acute course may require more than 100 plasma exchanges before a stable remission is achieved. These patients appear to represent a subset of thrombotic microangiopathy distinct from the more common acute T.T.P. course, which resolves in 3–6 weeks, and the chronic relapsing pattern, which may have a short or prolonged acute course. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

泌尿系感染患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子活性观察

为探讨肿瘤坏死因子与泌尿系感染的关系，我们应用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测了24例泌尿系感染患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子，并与30例健康人对照。结果发现：1、泌尿系感染患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子明显高于健康对照组（P＜0．05）；2、感染患者经治疗后，血浆肿瘤坏死因子恢复至正常水平；3、泌尿系统感染患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子活性变化与其它临床症状及尿液检查相一致。结果提示：肿瘤坏死因子参与炎症的病理过程。急性炎症时，应考虑细胞因子所起的作用。     

A study comparing biopharmaceutic characteristics of four once daily controlled release diltiazem preparations

Summary— In the present study we have compared the steady state biopharmaceutic characteristics of four diltiazem once daily controlled release capsules: Mono-Tildiem LP 300® (300 mg), Adizem® XL (300 mg)¹, Cardizem® (300 mg) and Dilacor® (240 mg). Sixteen healthy male volunteers (aged 22.9 ± 3.3 years, range 19–31 years) completed an open label, multiple oral dose, randomized, four-period crossover study without a washout period in between. The volunteers received each diltiazem formulation once daily for four days. Trough diltiazem and metabolites plasma concentrations were determined on days 3 and 4. The 24-h plasma concentration-time profiles were assessed after the dose on day 4 of each period. The following steady state pharmacokinetic parameters for diltiazem were calculated: the minimum plasma concentration (c_min), the maximum plasma concentration (c_max), the time to reach that concentration (t_max), the time interval during which the plasma concentration exceeds 50% of c_max (t₅₀), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC_72–96) and the peak-to-trough fluctuation (PTF). For the metabolites of diltiazem, N-mono-desmethyl-diltiazem (NDM) and desacetyldiltiazem (DAD), AUC_72–96 (AUC_NDM and AUC_DAD) and the ratio metabolite/parent compound were calculated. Steady state was achieved on day 3. Except one, all controlled release formulations have satisfactory controlled release properties allowing once daily administration. However, significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between the pharmacokinetic characteristics which do not allow exchange of the various formulations. Concentrations well below 50 ng·mL^-1 in the morning hours were observed for Dilacor® (240 mg) and Adizem® XL (300 mg), which could be a disadvantage of these formulations as it is well-known that ischaemic events occur at a higher rate during that part of the day. The plasma concentration profiles of NDM and DAD, the major circulating metabolites, parallel the plasma concentration profiles for the parent compound. From a clinical point of view, all treatments were well tolerated.