绵阳市农村狂犬病防治知识调查

目的了解绵阳市农村人群对狂犬病防治知识的知晓情况,为开展有效健康教育提供依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷分层抽样,以绵阳市9个县市区农村居民和学生为调查对象,进行入屋调查。结果共有效调查894人,学生331人,农民563人。调查对象狂犬病基本知识知晓率为86.99%;狂犬病伤口处理和疫苗注射相关知识知晓率为55.13%;养犬相关法规知识知晓率为71.67%。结论绵阳市农村人群狂犬病的知晓率偏低,是健康教育的重点人群。     

Accuracy of the Common Predictive Equations for Estimating Resting Energy Expenditure among Normal and Overweight Girl University Students

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of commonly used predictive formulas of resting metabolic rate (RMR) compared to measured RMR in normal and overweight young females.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 female university students aged 18–30 years with body mass index 18 to 30 kg/m² were recruited. Anthropometric indices and body compositions were measured. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry (FitMate, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) and estimated by 11 predictive formulas. The accuracy of the RMR formulas and mean percentage differences between estimated and measured values were calculated. Paired t test was used to compare estimated and measured RMRs.

Result: There were no significant differences between measured and estimated RMR by the 4 commonly used formulas (Mifflin, Cunningham, and World Health Organization [WHO]/Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO]). Among all of the equations, the Mifflin formula showed the lowest bias (?2.97 ± 116.43 kcal/day) at the group level and was the most accurate formula (80.23%) in normal and overweight participants. The over- and underestimated values were about 14% and 5.5%, respectively. In normal and overweight females, Mifflin was the most accurate formula, with 75.51% and 84.61% accuracy, respectively.

Conclusion: Given the current lack of a standardized formula that consistently delivers accurate results, the Mifflin formula can be recommended for estimating energy requirements in normal and overweight females in clinical practice.     

Stress imparted by the great 2004 Sumatra earthquake shut down transforms and activated rifts up to 400?km away in the Andaman Sea

The origin and prevalence of triggered seismicity and remote aftershocks are under debate. As a result, they have been excluded from probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and aftershock hazard notices. The 2004 M = 9.2 Sumatra earthquake altered seismicity in the Andaman backarc rift-transform system. Here we show that over a 300-km-long largely transform section of the backarc, M≥4.5 earthquakes stopped for five years, and over a 750-km-long backarc section, the rate of transform events dropped by two-thirds, while the rate of rift events increased eightfold. We compute the propagating dynamic stress wavefield and find the peak dynamic Coulomb stress is similar on the rifts and transforms. Long-period dynamic stress amplitudes, which are thought to promote dynamic failure, are higher on the transforms than on the rifts, opposite to the observations. In contrast to the dynamic stress, we calculate that the mainshock brought the transform segments approximately 0.2 bar (0.02 MPa) farther from static Coulomb failure and the rift segments approximately 0.2 bar closer to static failure, consistent with the seismic observations. This accord means that changes in seismicity rate are sufficiently predictable to be included in post-mainshock hazard evaluations.     

白热斯油处方搽剂及其组分对人G-361细胞活力与产生黑色素能力的影响

探讨维吾尔医白热斯油处方搽剂及其单味药、即:补骨脂、白花丹、黄芥子、黑种草子和駆虫斑鳩菊生药材水提物等通过对G-361细胞存活率、增殖以及黑色素产生的影响。对维医白癜风专用12种处方水提物进行酪氨酸酶激活实验、根据激活率(OD值)进行排序并定位。用MTT法检测不同浓度白热斯油处方搽剂及其组分药材水提物、对G-361细胞72 h细胞存活率、增值以及黑色素产生进行观测。经检测、对维吾尔医12种治疗白癜风专用药材水提物酪氨酸酶激活率超出200%的有4个专用处方、白热斯油为第3位,高于其它9种处方(P<0.001)。各药材及各浓度72 h培养细胞存活率与对照组之间相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。72 h培养细胞增殖和黑素产生能力与对照组相比有显著性差异、分别为P<0.05和P<0.01、而且最佳浓度集中在125μg/m L和62.5μg/m L、其中后者较为稳定。白热斯油处方及其组分药材水提物在适宜浓度,对72 h培养G-361细胞有增殖作用、使黑色素含量增加、且细胞存活率正常、未发现明显的细胞毒性作用。     

Oral health status of hospitalized amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a single-centre observational study

Objective: To assess the intraoral conditions and oral function of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Material and methods: This single-centre, cross-sectional observational study included 50 ALS patients, who were treated with tracheostomy positive-pressure ventilation (TPPV) while hospitalized. The disease duration, TPPV duration, current number of teeth, number of occlusal units, number of decayed/missing/filled teeth, community periodontal index, bleeding on probing, dental calculus, maximum mouth opening, salivation rate, tongue anomalies (atrophy or hypertrophy) and tongue coating were determined for each patient. Differences in intraoral conditions according to disease duration or TPPV duration were statistically analysed.

Results: The maximum mouth opening was low in the included patients, with a mean distance of 13.7?±?7.4?mm. Furthermore, the maximum mouth opening showed a significant negative correlation with both disease duration and TPPV duration. No statistically significant differences were found between any other intraoral parameters and disease duration or TPPV duration.

Conclusions: Severe dental disease is uncommon among hospitalized ALS patients who receive oral care by nurses; however, mouth opening is very restricted in these patients. Early intervention for restricted mouth opening, directed by a dentist or dental hygienist, is essential in this population.     

The ‘Variant Normal’ Electrocardiogram of the Professional Football Player

The ECGs of highly trained athletes reveal variants that may incorrectly be called abnormal.     

Correlation approach for the detection of the heartbeat intervals using force sensors placed under the bed posts

Abstract

This study proposes a method for detecting the heartbeat intervals of a person lying on a bed from ballistocardiographic signals recorded unobtrusively with four dynamic force sensors located under the bed posts. The method does not recognize individual heartbeats, but the intervals where the correlation between two consecutive signal segments maximizes. This study evaluated the performance of the method with nine subjects in 1-h long recordings and achieved 91% beat-to-beat interval (BBI) recognition coverage; 98.6% of the detected BBIs differed less than 50?ms from the values calculated from a reference electrocardiogram signal. This study also evaluated the reliability of two parameters of heart rate variability that have been used in sleep quality assessment in several studies and are usually calculated for 30?s epochs. The results suggest that the method is able to provide sufficient reliability for using the data in evaluation of sleep quality.     

The Effects of Smoking and Environmental Temperature on Temporary Threshold Shifts

Smoking and nonsmoking subjects were exposed either to 110- or 30-dB SPL white noise in both hot and cool ambient temperatures. Smokers evidenced less temporary threshold shift (TTS) than nonsmokers when exposed to loud noise. Nonsmokers evidenced greater TTS in the hot testing condition than in the cold condition when exposed to the loud noise. The temperature conditions did not influence the TTS of smokers. Smoking and the cold temperature both increased peripheral vasoconstriction.     

恒速滴注法在高龄卧床管饲患者中的应用效果

目的探讨恒速滴注法在高龄卧床管饲患者中的应用效果。方法2010年5月至2011年8月，方便性抽样选择在解放军总医院住院治疗的携带鼻胃管或鼻肠管行胃肠营养的老年患者60例，按入院先后分为观察组和对照组各30例，观察组采用恒速滴注法管饲肠内营养乳剂，对照组采用常规管饲方法即分次推注法，观察并比较两组患者堵管、腹胀、腹泻、反流、误吸等并发症的发生率。结果观察组患者发生堵管、反流及误吸的例数均少于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）；发生腹胀与腹泻的例数与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论恒速滴注法肠内营养可有效满足高龄长期卧床患者的营养需求，预防和减少并发症的发生，推荐在临床广泛应用。     

体位训练和改进标本采集术在经支气管针吸活检术中的应用

目的探究体位训练和改进标本采集术在经支气管针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)中的应用效果。方法选取2014年6月—2016年8月在本院拟行EBUS-TBNA的102例患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组51例,分别采取常规护理方案和改进后的护理方案(进行体位训练)进行护理治疗。且对照组患者标本采集采用传统方法,实验组采用改进后的标本采集方法。观察2组患者护理成效状况、心理状态改善情况以及标本采集得到的病理阳性率。结果实验组患者的护理成效显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者的SAS评分、SDS评分优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组得到的病理阳性率优于对照组(P0.05)。结论体位训练和标本采集术在EBUS-TBNA的应用,提高了穿刺的准确率及病理诊断的阳性率,减少了患者痛苦,提高了患者满意度,值得在临床中推广应用。