Seasonal variation in the content of a febrifugine and isofebrifugine alkaloid mixture in aerial parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hydrangea macrophylla</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Otaksa</Emphasis>, with special reference to its antimalarial activity

Febrifugine and isofebrifugine alkaloid mixtures extracted from the leaves and buds of Hydrangea macrophylla var. Otaksa, collected during different months, in Japan, were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Leaves collected during the flowering season, namely from June to August, contained 0.16–0.31 mg/g of the alkaloid mixture, whereas those collected from September to December had less than 0.03 mg/g of the mixture. However, extracts of buds harvested from October to February contained a consistently larger amount (more than 0.49 mg/g) of the alkaloids. Hot-water extracts from the leaves and buds collected during different seasons were evaluated for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in mice. The extract of leaves collected in August demonstrated high antimalarial activity, and all mice that received the extract survived the infection. In contrast, the extract of leaves collected in December showed little activity. The extract of buds collected in December cleared parasites, but with subsequent mortality to mouse. The present results show that the amount of antimalarial agent—febrifugine and isofebrifugine mixture—in H. macrophylla var. Otaksa is both part- and season-dependent, suggesting that the choice of plant parts and their harvesting season are important factors worth considering in the pharmacological use of medicinal plants.     

Triterpenoid saponins, new metalloprotease snake venom inhibitors isolated from Pentaclethra macroloba.

We report here the antiproteolytic and antihemorrhagic properties of triterpenoid saponin inhibitors, named macrolobin-A and B, from Pentaclethra macroloba, against Bothrops snake venoms. The inhibitors were able to neutralize the hemorrhagic, fibrin(ogen)olytic, and proteolytic activities of class P-I and P-III metalloproteases isolated from B. neuwiedi and B. jararacussu venoms. Clotting and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by snake venoms and isolated thrombin-like enzymes were partially inhibited. Furthermore, the potential use of these inhibitors to complement antivenom therapy as an alternative treatment and/or used as molecular models for development of new therapeutical agents in the treatment of snake bite envenomations needs to be evaluated in future studies.     

对116例异位妊娠的腹部超声诊断分析

目的：探讨腹部超声对异位妊娠诊断价值。方法：用腹部超声对116例异住妊娠进行手术及病理检查结果进行分析。结果：114例经手术及病理证实诊断为异位妊娠，诊断符合率为97．68％，误诊率2．32％。结论：腹部超声检查异住妊娠可给临床提供准确率很高的诊断依据，它具有简便、直观、迅速、敏感性高、无损伤及易于重复等优点，所以腹部超声应作为异位妊娠诊断的首选方法。     

美国头颈癌患者生存资料分析

为使国内头颈癌生存分析的基本方法与国际一致，规范生存率分析的基本方法，以利于相互比较．本文以文字及表格方式，简述生存分析基本术语的概念、意义和应用，并介绍2002年第6版《美国头颈部肿瘤TNM分期》的1-5年观察生存率、相对生存率。     

南山区与某社区常住人口6年恶性肿瘤发病调查

目的：了解某社区常住人口恶性肿瘤平均年发病率是否高于周边人群，重点是白血病平均年发病率。方法：采用回顾性调查法及个案调查表收集该社区1998年6月～2004年9月常住人口中的确诊恶性肿瘤病人22例，将该社区恶性肿瘤平均年发病率与南山区在该时段恶性肿瘤平均的发病率进行比较。结果：1998年6月～2004年9月南山区常住人口恶性肿瘤平均年发病66．1／10万，某社区常住人口恶性肿瘤平均年发病率29．9／10万，两地差异有统计学意义（F=0．0001，P〈0．05）；南山区常住人口白血病平均年发病率2．79／10万，某社区常住人口白血病平均年发病率4．07／10万，两者无统计学意义差异（F=0．467，P〉0．05）。结论：该社区常住人口恶性肿瘤及白血病平均年发病水平低于南山区全区水平。     

不同免疫剂治疗扩张型心肌病患儿心功能和临床预后评价

目的观察比较泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量静脉用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)对扩张型心肌病(DCM)患儿心功能及预后的影响。方法将DCM患儿20例分为治疗Ⅰ和Ⅱ组,分别在传统抗心衰治疗基础上加泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG,治疗1个疗程后评价心功能,检测治疗前后左房横径(LA)、左室舒张期内径(LV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI),并计算其治疗前后变化。所有病例随访1年,计算1年存活率。结果治疗Ⅱ组心功能明显优于治疗Ⅰ组(P均<0.05);两组LA、LV、LVEF和CI治疗后较治疗前均有明显改善(P均<0.05);治疗Ⅰ组各参数变化明显低于治疗Ⅱ组(P均<0.05),其1年存活率明显低于治疗组Ⅱ(P<0.05)。结论泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤和大剂量IVIG均能改善DCM患儿心功能,但IVIG疗效优于泼尼松联用硫唑嘌呤。     

BIOCHEMICAL CORRECTION IN THE SYNDROME OF HYPERTENSION AND HYPERKALAEMIA BY SEVERE DIETARY SALT RESTRICTION SUGGESTS RENIN-ALDOSTERONE SUPPRESSION CRITICAL IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

1. Plasma potassium and chloride concentrations were raised and plasma renin activity, aldosterone, bicarbonate and arterial pH were reduced in two brothers with the syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia with normal glomerular filtration rate (Gordon's syndrome), on unrestricted or moderately restricted sodium diets. 2. These abnormalities were corrected in both patients within 10 days of severe sodium restriction. 3. Pressor sensitivity to cold and angiotensin II decreased on low sodium diet, associated with a fall in blood pressure. 4. Increasing distal tubular sodium delivery by infusion of normal saline increased fractional excretion of potassium when aldosterone had been stimulated by severely restricted sodium diet, but not when aldosterone levels were low on unrestricted sodium diet. 5. These findings are consistent with excessive sodium reabsorption as the primary renal lesion in Gordon's syndrome, leading to volume expansion and suppression of renin and aldosterone. Severe dietary sodium restriction leading to volume contraction, by stimulating renin and aldosterone and promoting kaliuresis, corrects the abnormalities.     

法半夏罗汉果川贝枇杷膏与强力枇杷露药理作用的比较研究

法半夏罗汉果川贝枇把膏与强力批他露均有镇咳祛痰作用，罗汉果川贝枇把膏尚能平喘抗炎。