大高良姜的化学成分研究

目的：对大高良姜的根茎部位化学成分进行系统研究。方法：采用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化，运用UV、IR、^1H—NMR13C—NMR、MS等谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果：共分离鉴定了11个化合物，分别为4-[（E）-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]phenylacetate（1），反式对羟基桂皮醛乙酯（2），5-hydroxy-7-（4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl）-1-phenyl-3-heptanone（3），7-（4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxy—phenyl）-1-phenylhep-4-en-3-one（4），[1′S]-1′-乙酰氧丁香酚乙酯（5），反式对羟基桂皮醛（6），对羟基苯甲醛（7），1-（4-hydroxyphenyl）propan．1-one（8），高良姜素（9），trans—P—coumaryl diacetate（10），β-谷甾醇（11）。结论：化合物1是首次从自然界分离得到的天然产物，化合物2为首次从该属植物中分离得到的苯丙素类化合物，化合物3和4是首次从该种植物中分离得到的双苯庚烷类化合物。     

Clinical implications for a treatment algorithm and differential indication to hormone therapy and chemotherapy options in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a personal view

Although docetaxel is still considered a mainstay of treatment in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), in the last few years, new agents have been developed to improve survival in this setting and reach a possible optimal personalized treatment strategy. In this paper, we provide a personal view and an algorithm for mCRPC patients, according to available evidence, personal opinion and experience. Abiratone acetate, cabazitaxel, radium-223, sipuleucel-T and enzalutamide, together with docetaxel, have demonstrated a survival benefit in these patients. The use of rechallenge with docetaxel in mCRPC patients with disease progression after a first response has been considered. These new agents complicated the scenario and posed the challenge to move from the old sequential to a new algorithm-based approach. At this stage, the algorithm is necessarily based on experts’ opinion, since the efficacy of a single agent in a specific setting has not been validated by sequential trials.     

醋酸泼尼松和泼尼松在Beagle犬体内的生物利用度比较

本文通过Beagle犬双周期随机交叉灌胃给予醋酸泼尼松(2.0 mg·kg^-1)和泼尼松(1.8 mg·kg^-1),建立液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法同时测定Beagle犬血浆中的醋酸泼尼松、泼尼松及活性代谢物泼尼松龙的浓度,比较醋酸泼尼松和泼尼松的生物利用度及药代动力学。本实验方案经中国科学院上海药物研究所实验动物伦理委员会批准。采用地塞米松作为内标,血浆样品以乙腈沉淀蛋白后,经HSS T₃(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸的5 mmol·L^-1醋酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源,以多反应监测正离子模式检测。用于定量分析的醋酸泼尼松、泼尼松及泼尼松龙的离子对分别为m/z 401.2→295.2、m/z 359.2→313.2和m/z 361.2→325.1,内标的离子对为m/z 393.2→373.0。结果表明,醋酸泼尼松在血浆中的含量低于分析方法的定量下限1.0 ng·mL^-1,说明醋酸泼尼松在体内吸收过程中...     

某碘伏与胍类复合消毒剂消毒相关性能研究

目的 研究一种聚维酮碘和醋酸氯己定复方消毒剂的消毒相关性能,为实际应用提供科学依据.方法 采用悬液定量杀菌试验和毒理学试验方法,对该消毒液的杀菌效果和毒性进行观察.结果 该消毒剂含聚维酮碘5090 mg/L和醋酸氯己定320 mg/L.用该消毒剂原液作用1 min,对悬液内大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色...     

高效液相色谱法检测止咳平喘类中成药中非法添加的醋酸泼尼松、茶碱

目的建立测定止咳平喘类中成药中非法添加化学药品醋酸泼尼松、茶碱的方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱,流动相甲醇-水,流速1.0 mL/min,测定波长为240 nm和275 nm,柱温35℃。结果醋酸泼尼松进样量在2.078 4×10-2～1.558 8μg,茶碱进样量在1.323 2×10-2～1.323 2μg范围内分别与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.27%和98.10%,RSD分别为1.4%和1.2%。结论该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于止咳平喘类中药中以醋酸泼尼松、茶碱为指标的非法添加成分的检测。     

复方口腔溃疡贴膜剂的制备及质量控制

目的制备复方口腔溃疡贴膜剂并建立其质量控制方法。方法以亲水性高分子材料羧甲基纤维素钠为主要辅料制备复方口腔溃疡贴膜剂,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中醋酸地塞米松的含量。结果醋酸地塞米松质量浓度线性范围为1．0-50．0μg／mL（r=0．9996）,平均回收率为97．87％,RSD=0．99％（n=6）。结论该制剂工艺简单、稳定性好、质量可控。     

Lack of correlation between lysosomal enzyme activity and ascorbic acid content in brain of lead-treated animals

The administration of lead acetate increased acid phosphatase activities in the rat brain and four regions (cerebral cortex, diencephalon plus mesencephalon, pons plus medulla, and cerebellum) of the guinea pig brain, whereas ascorbic acid content in the brain of these animals remained unchanged following lead administration. Acid phosphatase activity also showed an increase in scorbutic guinea pig brain. Lipid peroxidation facilitated by ascorbic acid in the cerebral lysosome fraction of rat was not affected by lead. These results suggest that ascorbic acid is not directly concerned with the alteration in acid phosphatase activity induced by lead treatment.     

Isolated Peritoneal Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Presenting with Massive Ascites: A Case Report

The peritoneal carcinomatosis of prostate cancer without bone or other visceral organ involvement is extremely rare. We report a case of an isolated peritoneal metastasis of prostate cancer in a patient without other metastatic sites and a history of prostate surgery. A 63-year-old male with locally advanced prostate cancer without known distant metastasis on androgen deprivation therapy presented with abdominal distension that had persisted for a month. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) showed gastric wall thickening and a moderate amount of ascites. The gastroscopy showed hyperemic mucosal patches on the antrum body. A cytological examination of the ascites fluid was negative for malignant cells. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed multiple nodules in the peritoneum. A biopsy was performed. Histological findings were compatible with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, which was immunohistochemically positive for pan-cytokeratin, the androgen receptor, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The patient was then treated with abiraterone acetate. After 1 month of treatment, both ascites and the PSA value decreased. We describe an extremely rare case of isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis from prostate cancer without any organ metastasis or history of surgery. Clinicians should be aware of these very rare metastases of prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy may be helpful for such cases.     

醋酸阿比特龙联合强的松治疗去势抵抗型前列腺癌的疗效分析

目的 分析去势抵抗型前列腺癌(castration resistant prostate cancer,CRPC)患者接受醋酸阿比特龙(abiraterone acetate,AA)联合强的松(prednisone,P)治疗的疗效及安全性,为后续治疗提供经验。方法 筛选2018年7月至2021年4月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院泌尿外科共计46例CRPC患者,选择使用AA+P治疗,最后共计37例患者纳入研究。分析37例患者的基本资料,参照前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)工作组2(PSA Working Group 2, PSAWG2)标准计算PSA缓解率,按照实体瘤的疗效评价(response evaluation criteria in solid tumors,RECIST)标准评估患者治疗期间的影像学结果,同时分析行多西他赛化疗、PSA闪烁现象以及基线PSA水平、肿瘤T分期、Gleason评分等指标对AA+P治疗的PSA缓解率的影响差异。结果 37例CRPC患者接受AA+P治疗,中位随访时间9.7个月。在接受AA+P初始,有5例患者发生了PSA闪烁现象,其PSA达峰再次下降至基线水平以下的中位时间为3.0(2.0,4.5)个月。37例患者PSA总体缓解率为59.5%,其中13例患者达到缓解后又发生了PSA复发,其中位复发时间为7.0个月。参照RECIST标准,37例CRPC患者中,有7例患者发生了影像学进展,而5例有明确的影像学缓解。6例达到PSA缓解后出现复发的患者将强的松转换为地塞米松,其中2例PSA再次缓解,PSA缓解率为33.3%。化疗失败后接受AA+P的患者PSA缓解低于未行化疗的患者(20.0% vs 65.6%,P=0.076)。此外,有PSA闪烁现象的PSA缓解率低于无此现象的患者(20.0% vs 65.6%,P=0.076)。醋酸阿比特龙的总体耐受性较好,药物不良反应少。结论 CRPC患者口服醋酸阿比特龙联合强的松疗效确切,安全性高,对于不愿意选择或不能耐受化疗的患者,有较高的PSA缓解率。PSA闪烁现象在AA治疗过程中并不少见,这部分患者达到PSA缓解的比例较低。PSA缓解后的中位复发时间为7.0个月,部分PSA进展患者用地塞米松替换强的松可重新达到PSA缓解,可恢复对阿比特龙治疗的敏感性。     

Immunomodulatory activity of Asparagus racemosus on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity: Implications for immunoadjuvant potential

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Roots of Asparagus racemosus Willd (Shatavari in vernacular) are widely used in Ayurveda as Rasayana for immunostimulation, galactogogue as also in treatment of conditions like ulcers and cancer. Various studies have indicated immunomodulatory properties of Shatavari root extracts and formulations.

Aim of the study

To study the effect of standardized Asparagus racemosus root aqueous extract (ARE) on systemic Th1/Th2 immunity of SRBC sensitized animals.

Materials and methods

We used HPTLC to quantify steroidal saponins (Shatavarin IV, Immunoside^®) and flow cytometry to study effects of ARE on Th1/Th2 immunity. SRBC specific antibody titres and DTH responses were also monitored as markers of Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively. We also studied lymphocyte proliferation. Cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide and levamisole were used as controls.

Results

Treatment with ARE (100 mg/(kg b.w. p.o.)) resulted in significant increase of CD3⁺ and CD4/CD8⁺ percentages suggesting its effect on T cell activation. ARE treated animals showed significant up-regulation of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-g) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines suggesting its mixed Th1/Th2 adjuvant activity. Consistent to this, ARE also showed higher antibody titres and DTH responses. ARE, in combination with LPS, Con A or SRBC, produced a significant proliferation suggesting effect on activated lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The study suggests mixed Th1/Th2 activity of ARE supports its immunoadjuvant potential.