全文获取类型
收费全文 | 58966篇 |
免费 | 4574篇 |
国内免费 | 2071篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 203篇 |
儿科学 | 973篇 |
妇产科学 | 1060篇 |
基础医学 | 5145篇 |
口腔科学 | 1021篇 |
临床医学 | 6103篇 |
内科学 | 11582篇 |
皮肤病学 | 608篇 |
神经病学 | 1244篇 |
特种医学 | 758篇 |
外国民族医学 | 12篇 |
外科学 | 2238篇 |
综合类 | 8996篇 |
现状与发展 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 7653篇 |
眼科学 | 691篇 |
药学 | 8942篇 |
15篇 | |
中国医学 | 3828篇 |
肿瘤学 | 4530篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 163篇 |
2023年 | 776篇 |
2022年 | 1973篇 |
2021年 | 2452篇 |
2020年 | 1911篇 |
2019年 | 1828篇 |
2018年 | 1818篇 |
2017年 | 1868篇 |
2016年 | 2228篇 |
2015年 | 2409篇 |
2014年 | 3874篇 |
2013年 | 4772篇 |
2012年 | 4258篇 |
2011年 | 4435篇 |
2010年 | 3389篇 |
2009年 | 3061篇 |
2008年 | 3154篇 |
2007年 | 3201篇 |
2006年 | 2709篇 |
2005年 | 2274篇 |
2004年 | 1974篇 |
2003年 | 1540篇 |
2002年 | 1250篇 |
2001年 | 1119篇 |
2000年 | 903篇 |
1999年 | 781篇 |
1998年 | 661篇 |
1997年 | 644篇 |
1996年 | 538篇 |
1995年 | 446篇 |
1994年 | 441篇 |
1993年 | 325篇 |
1992年 | 296篇 |
1991年 | 260篇 |
1990年 | 218篇 |
1989年 | 198篇 |
1988年 | 149篇 |
1987年 | 156篇 |
1986年 | 116篇 |
1985年 | 188篇 |
1984年 | 125篇 |
1983年 | 97篇 |
1982年 | 123篇 |
1981年 | 87篇 |
1980年 | 83篇 |
1979年 | 58篇 |
1978年 | 44篇 |
1977年 | 56篇 |
1976年 | 53篇 |
1975年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Measurements of respiratory mechanics are frequently made in ventilated infants and children. Esophageal pressure measurements (Pes using a balloon on a catheter have been used to partition the respiratory mechanics into lung and chest wall components. Appropriate positioning of this balloon is crucial to obtain accurate estimates of pleural pressure. Traditionally, in spontaneously breathing subjects the balloon position is assessed with an occlusion test. In ventilated subjects, it is not always possible to perform an occlusion test prior to paralysis, and even if such a test is performed it may not be relevant under conditions of positive pressure ventilation. We have assessed a positive pressure occlusion test that is suitable for paralyzed subjects. By occluding the airway opening and applying gentle pressure to the abdomen or rib cage, positive swings in pressure can be measured by both Pes and airway opening pressure (Pao). We compared traditional occlusion tests measured in 16 spontaneously breathing puppies to the positive pressure occlusion test performed after paralysis. In 2 pups we were unable to obtain a reasonable traditional occlusion test (>15% difference between Pes and Pao) but we obtained 10 traditional occlusion tests in each of the remaining 14 pups (2.1–14 kg). In 11 of these animals Ape, was within 10% of Pao. This compared well to positive pressure occlusion test using abdominal pressure performed after paralysis, where Apes was within 10% of ΔPao in 10 animals. In 9 of these pups occlusion tests were also performed by applying pressure on the rib cage, where ΔPes was within 10% of ΔPao in 6 animals. These results suggest that it is possible to perform accurate occlusion tests in paralyzed subjects by abdominal or rib cage compression with the airway occluded. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:56–62. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
83.
The present study investigated the phototoxic effect of bergamot oil and its photosensitive component, bergapten, on sunburn cell (SBC) production in guinea pig skin. The back skin was pretreated with bergamot oil or bergapten and exposed to monochromatic light under various conditions. After irradiation, skin specimens were excised, and histological sections were prepared. The number of sunburn cells in the interfollicular epidermis was counted. The SBC formation by bergamot oil or bergapten plus UVB radiation was the same as that without pretreatment with any photosensitizer. In contrast, a significant number of SBCs were induced by bergamot oil or bergapten plus UVA radiation, but no SBCs were found after the treatment with UVA alone. The result indicates that bergamot oil or bergapten was photosensitized by UVA irradiation. The SBCs were linearly increased in a UV-dose dependent manner. On the basis of the regression lines, an action spectrum and spectral peak for the photosensitizers plus UVA were obtained. The action spectrum for bergamot oil- and bergapten-induced SBC formation was in the ranges of 325–365 nm and 325–350 nm, and their spectral peaks were at 335–345 nm and 335–350 nm, respectively. The data are in good accordance with those estimated from skin erythema reactions. Therefore, counting SBCs is a very useful parameter for quantitative evaluation of phototoxicity. 相似文献
84.
85.
A. J. Ferdous S. N. Islam M. Ahsan C. M. Hasan Z. U. Ahmed 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》1992,6(3):137-140
The antibacterial activity of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds was studied against 37 isolates of Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Shigella boydii and 10 strains of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. Most of the strains were clinically resistant to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline. All the strains tested showed promising sensitivity to the volatile oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the volatile oil for Shigella, Vibrio and Escherichia strains tested was between 50–400 μg/mL. 相似文献
86.
In some instances the same electrodes are used for stimulation and then for recording a bioelectric event immediately after
the stimulus. However, after the current pulse there remains an electrode potential that decays quasiexponentially. We have
designated this falling potential the electrode-recovery potential. This study investigated the recovery potentials of single
electrodes of rhodium, stainless steel, platinum and platinum-iridium in contact with 0.9% saline at room temperature (25°C)
over a current density ranging from 0.1 to 100 mA/cm2 using a constant-current pulse. In all cases, with increasing current density, there was a decrease in the time for the electrode
potential to fall to one half of the immediate post-stimulus value. Above about 20 mA/cm2 the decrease in recovery time was smooth with increasing current density. Below 20 mA/cm2, the recovery time was slightly irregular. The shortest recovery times were for platinum and platinum-iridium. The largest
decrease in recovery time with increasing current density was for stainless steel, which decreased 10 fold from 0.1 to 100
mA/cm2. The recovery time for rhodium decreased about three-and-one half fold over the same current density range. It was found
that the waveform of the recovery potential is not a simple exponential because the Warburg and Faradic components of the
electrode-electrolyte interface are current-density dependent. In general, for all current densities studied (0.1–100 mA/cm2), there was a sudden initial fall in electrode potential with cessation of current flow, followed by a very gradual nonexponential
decrease in potential. 相似文献
87.
A. A. SANTOS J. XAVIER-NETO A. T. SANTIAGO JR. M. A. N. SOUZA A. S. MARTINS F. ALZAMORA F. H. ROLA 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1991,143(3):261-269
The effect of acute and sequential volaemic changes on the gastroduodenal flow of saline was assessed in 23 anaesthetized dogs following two different experimental protocols. Hypervolaemia, by i. v. infusion of saline, induced a gradual decrease on gastroduodenal flow which amounted to 76% below control values (P < 0.001) when volaemic expansion attained 5% of body weight. This effect was volume dependent (17% increase on gastroduodenal flow per volume of infused saline equivalent to 0.5% of body weight, P < 0.001), lasted for at least 90 minutes after infusion was completed and was also obtained by expanding previously bled animals. Hypovolaemia due to bleeding was followed by an increase on gastroduodenal flow of about 88% above control values (P < 0.05) when haemorrhage was equal to 3% of body weight. This effect was also volume dependent (23 % increase on gastroduodenal flow per volume of blood shed equivalent to a 0.5% of body weight, P < 0.01) and was reversed after blood volume was restored. These modifications in the resistance of the gastroduodenal segment to the flow of liquid due to acute volaemic changes suggest that the extracellular fluid volume modulates the contractile activity of the gastroduodenal portion of the gut possibly to set a gastroduodenal handling of liquid adequate to cope with volaemic imbalances. 相似文献
88.
N A Johnson S R Stannard D S Rowlands P G Chapman C H Thompson T Sachinwalla M W Thompson 《Diabetic medicine》2006,23(10):1061-1068
AIMS: Metabolic responses to manipulation of the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration were assessed in six healthy men via cross-over design to determine whether FFAs independently influence insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and insulin sensitivity via frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) after 67 h of two identical low carbohydrate/high fat (LC) diets which were used to elevate IMCL and plasma FFAs. To uncouple the influence of FFAs and IMCL on insulin sensitivity, FFAs were suppressed 30 min prior to and during IVGTT in one treatment [LC + nicotinic acid (NA)] by NA ingestion. RESULTS: Vastus lateralis IMCL was significantly elevated in LC (13.3 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) and LC + NA (13.5 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) (P < 0.01 for both), but was not different between conditions (P > 0.05). Plasma FFAs were raised in LC (0.79 +/- 0.08 mmol/l) and LC + NA (0.80 +/- 0.11 mmol/l) (P < 0.01 for both) and were significantly reduced by NA ingestion prior to (0.36 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and during IVGTT (P < 0.05) in LC + NA. Despite marked differences in plasma FFA availability, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were not different between LC and LC + NA (P > 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma FFAs appear to exert no immediate effect on insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance independent of their action on intracellular lipid moieties. Further research is required to elucidate the duration of FFA suppression required to restore insulin sensitivity following lipid-induced insulin resistance. 相似文献
89.
W. Van de Vrie A. M. Jonker R. L. Marquet A. M. M. Eggermont 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1994,120(9):533-538
the feasibility of using chemosensitizers in the circumvention of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance has been shown in many studies. We recently reported on the chemosensitizing effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on doxorubicin in a rat solid tumour model. Using the same experimental design we investigated the side-effects of the combination treatment. During the 35-day experiment doxorubicin treatment caused dose-dependent weight loss, which was enhanced by combination treatment with CsA. The main doxorubicin-related side-effects were myelosuppression (transient leucopenia and thrombopenia) and nephrotoxicity. Damage to the kidney was severe, leading to a nephrotic syndrome and resulting in ascites, pleural effusion, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. These toxicities were enhanced by the addition of the chemosensitizer CsA. Mild doxorubicin-related cardiomyopathy and minimal hepatotoxicity were seen on histological examination. There were no signs of enhanced toxicity of the combination treatment in tissues with known high expression levels of P-glycoprotein, like the liver, adrenal gland and large intestine. CsA had a low toxicity profile, as it only caused a transient rise in bilirubin. In conclusion, the chemosensitizer CsA enhanced the side-effects of the anticancer drug doxorubiein without altering the toxicity pattern. There was no evidence of a therapeutic gain by adding CsA to doxorubicin, compared to single-agent treatment with doxorubicin in 25%–33% higher doses, because of the enhanced toxicity of the combination treatment.Abbreviations CsA
cyclosporin A
- DOX
doxorubicin
- MDR
multidrug resistance
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
This work was supported by the Dr Daniël den Hoed Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 相似文献
90.
Gordon A. Ewy 《Clinical cardiology》1994,17(2):79-84
The optimal approach to electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation includes appropriate patient selection, anticoagulation, careful selection and monitoring of antiarrhythmic therapy, and proper electrical cardioversion technique. The optimal technique requires the use of metal electrodes, with one electrode of at least 8 cm in diameter placed in the anterior position, and the second of 12–13 cm diameter placed posteriorly just below the left scapulae, with generous amounts of the appropriate gel (such as Hewlett-Packard Redux Paste) as the electrode-skin interface and firm pressure to the paddle electrode with the patient in expiration. Thus the anterior-posterior chest diameter is decreased and less air between the electrodes is assured. The initial shock strength should be 200 J. The shock is synchronized with the electrocardiographic QRS complex. This report reviews the justification for these recommendations. 相似文献