社区护士手卫生知识知晓情况及影响因素研究

摘要〓目的〓了解社区护士对手卫生知识的知晓率情况,深度分析影响社区护士手卫生的相关因素。方法〓采用便利抽样的方法选取长春市的4个行政区,用整群抽样法抽取25家社区卫生机构的252名护士,对手卫生知识进行问卷调查。应用单因素和多元线性回归法对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果〓社区护士手卫生知晓率总分为16.73±2.15,单因素分析显示,不同年龄、工龄、职称和受教育程度对手卫生知识知晓率影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归显示,工龄、文化程度和职称是社区护士手卫生知识知晓率的影响因素。结论〓长春市社区护士手卫生知识知晓率水平较低,管理者应采取相应措施来提高护士手卫生知识知晓率,有效防止社区卫生机构感染的发生。     

Diseñando una encuesta para residentes de formación sanitaria especializada sobre la satisfacción con la docencia. Experiencia en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (2009-2018)

In Spain, the evaluation of internal resident's satisfaction with the training they receive is legally mandatory for autonomous regions. Beyond this obligation, the evaluation of training leads to its improvement. However, an effective evaluation procedure requires a series of steps that should not be overlooked. Throughout the text, we will give a series of clues that will help those responsible for training, at different levels, to start up a procedure of this type. We will talk about technical requirements for the construction of an effective questionnaire, the most appropriate way to apply the survey in the field of training residents, the importance of statistically validating the questionnaire in order to obtain usable conclusions, and the dissemination of results, from the review of the process itself. Finally, as an example, we will bring up the survey of residents of specialized health training in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country from 2009 to 2018.     

A national UK census of Applied Behavior Analysis school provision for children with autism

Over more than a decade, specialist Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) schools or classes for children with autism have developed in the UK and Ireland. However, very little is known internationally about how ABA is defined in practice in school settings, the characteristics of children supported in ABA school settings, and the staffing structures used. To answer these questions, the focus of the present research was a nationwide census of ABA schools throughout the UK. As far as it was possible to ascertain, we achieved a 100% return rate. There were 14 ABA schools and classes throughout the UK, supporting 258 children with autism, and employing 382 staff that supported ABA teaching. The mean ratio for ABA staff to children was 1.4 staff members: 1 child (range 0.7:1-2:1). The majority of all staff members were graduates or had a higher academic qualification (67.7%). This census methodology, if repeated, may help to identify future trends and can provide a baseline for developments in ABA schools/classes in the UK.     

Pilot for Learning Interprofessional Physical Assessment Skills

A 6-week pilot study of graduate nursing students and School of Medicine students integrated into the same learning laboratory with the same testing and passing standards in a physical assessment course showed no negative impact on learning outcomes when compared with a concurrently run traditional course. Focus group comments revealed a positive attitude toward continued interprofessional experiences and the development of mutual respect between students, despite some disruptive impact on their personal lives. Scoring on the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning survey had a ceiling effect. A full integration of both school cohorts is planned.     

2004-2010年洛阳市乙型病毒性肝炎疫情分析

目的了解我国传染病疫情网络直报以来洛阳市乙型病毒性肝炎的流行特征,为制定控制乙肝疫情策略提供依据。方法根据疫情网络数据和专题调查资料对2004-2010年洛阳市的乙肝疫情资料进行描述性分析。结果 2004-2010年累计报告乙肝病例73 078例,占洛阳市所有报告传染病的36.97%。年平均发病率为195.28/10万,发病年龄集中于15岁～55岁,占发病总数的84.58%;除20~和25~年龄组外,各年龄组发病均为男性高于女性;职业发病分布前3位的是农民(53.87%)、工人(11.65%)、学生(11.59%);高发县区主要为瀍河区(平均发病率415.59/10万)、吉利区(413.15/10万)和伊川县(220.41/10万)。病例分类中,急性乙肝6118例,占7.30%,慢性乙肝31326例,占37.43%,未分类乙肝46239例,占55.25%。结论2004-2010年洛阳市乙肝疫情处于高位波动状态,2004-2007年持续上升,从2007年到2010年逐渐下降,下降幅度低于上升幅度。对乙肝疫情上升贡献最大的是慢性乙肝和未分类乙肝病例,急性乙肝在7年报告中持续在较低报告水平,应提高基层医疗机构对乙肝的诊断分类水平,提高乙肝报告质量。     

2006—2019年广州市食物中毒突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析

目的 掌握广州市食物中毒突发公共卫生事件规律和特点,为提高其有效应对和防控提供科学依据。 方法 收集2006—2019年国家“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统” 报告的广州市食物中毒突发公共卫生事件,应用描述性流行病学方法进行统计和分析。 结果 研究的14年间,广州市共报告食物中毒突发公共卫生事件89起,原因查明率为94.38%,中毒人数2 692人,死亡11人。69.66%的事件发生在5—9月。75.28%的事件致病因素是细菌,副溶血弧菌是细菌性食物中毒事件的首要致病菌,63.64%的死亡病例归因植物性食物中毒,78.65%的事件中毒场所在集体食堂。事件持续时间的中位数为13.50 h(范围为:0~135.33 h)。首例病例发生时间到接报的中位数是0.60 d(范围为:0.04~5.69 d),r=0.601,P＜0.01。 结论 加强食物中毒事件和食品安全风险监测,尽早介入处置,加强针对性的宣传,落实重点场所防控督导巡查,将有助于减少食物中毒事件发生和危害影响。