双链寡聚脱氧核苷酸／载体复合物在急性肺损伤肺泡巨噬细胞中的体外转染效率研究

目的：利用圈套dsODNs／载体基因技术,通过体外实验研究NF-кB decoy dsODNs／载体复合物在急性肺损伤肺泡巨噬细胞中的体外转染效率,为进一步的体内试验提供依据,从而在细胞分子水平为临床防治全血性炎症反应综合征／急性肺损伤（ SIRS／ALI）筛选精确药物靶点和寻求高效合理的治疗方案提供前瞻性的实验依据。方法制备失血性休克致ALI的实验动物模型,以Lipofectamine2000为载体,对巨噬细胞分组进行dsODNs干预：对照组、脂多糖（ lipopolysaccharide ,LPS）组、Lipofectamine2000组（ Lipo2000组）、NF-κB dsODNs／Lipofectamine2000组（ dsODNs组）。乳酸脱氢酶（ LDH）试剂盒检测巨噬细胞（ AM）毒性;观察并测定巨噬细胞的转染活性、最佳转染浓度和转染效率。结果 dsODNs／Lipofectamine2000浓度比率为1∶5,体外转染6h时,转染效率、荧光强度和细胞状态最佳,细胞毒性适中。结论 NF-кB圈套dsODNs与Lipofectamine2000在一定浓度范围内能有效提高圈套dsODNs的转染效率,并且最大限度降低各种刺激对细胞造成的损伤,为SIRS／ALI的临床防治提供了新的思路和途径,为临床治疗ALI筛选特异性的炎症治疗药物和开发临床药物确定了精确靶点。     

基层动物防疫工作存在的问题及防控措施

当前基层动物防疫工作薄弱环节在一定程度上影响着动物疫病防控工作,本文通过查找基层动物防疫工作存在的主要问题,提出改进措施,可以有效提高防疫水平,促进畜牧业的健康发展和农牧民增收。     

4-苯基丁酸改善休克后器官缺血缺氧损伤

目的：观察4-苯基丁酸（ PBA）对创伤失血性休克大鼠重要器官血流灌注、器官功能及线粒体功能的影响。方法采用创伤失血性休克SD大鼠模型128只,雌雄各半,体重180～220g,观察PBA（5、20、50 mg／kg）对休克大鼠肝、肾血流量,肝、肾功能和线粒体功能的影响。结果休克后肝、肾血流量明显下降,肝、肾功能受损; PBA（20 mg／kg）输注可明显恢复肝血流量,各剂量PBA组的肾血流量均高于乳酸林格氏液（LR）组; PBA（20 mg／kg）明显改善肝肾功能,降低肝、肾功能指标;同时PBA明显改善休克后降低的肝、肾和肠的线粒体功能,其中20mg／kg PBA的作用最为显著。结论 PBA可改善休克动物的肝、肾等重要器官的血流灌注,促进线粒体功能恢复,发挥对重要器官功能的改善作用。     

Attitudes and Beliefs of Pig Farmers and Wild Boar Hunters Towards Reporting of African Swine Fever in Bulgaria,Germany and the Western Part of the Russian Federation

This study investigated the attitudes and beliefs of pig farmers and hunters in Germany, Bulgaria and the western part of the Russian Federation towards reporting suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF). Data were collected using a web‐based questionnaire survey targeting pig farmers and hunters in these three study areas. Separate multivariable logistic regression models identified key variables associated with each of the three binary outcome variables whether or not farmers would immediately report suspected cases of ASF, whether or not hunters would submit samples from hunted wild boar for diagnostic testing and whether or not hunters would report wild boar carcasses. The results showed that farmers who would not immediately report suspected cases of ASF are more likely to believe that their reputation in the local community would be adversely affected if they were to report it, that they can control the outbreak themselves without the involvement of veterinary services and that laboratory confirmation would take too long. The modelling also indicated that hunters who did not usually submit samples of their harvested wild boar for ASF diagnosis, and hunters who did not report wild boar carcasses are more likely to justify their behaviour through a lack of awareness of the possibility of reporting. These findings emphasize the need to develop more effective communication strategies targeted at pig farmers and hunters about the disease, its epidemiology, consequences and control methods, to increase the likelihood of early reporting, especially in the Russian Federation where the virus circulates.     

Phylogeographic Reconstructions of a Rift Valley Fever Virus Strain Reveals Transboundary Animal Movements from Eastern Continental Africa to the Union of the Comoros

Major explosive outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF), an arthropod borne zoonotic disease, occur in humans and animals with significant mortality and economic impact across continental Africa and the Indian Ocean region (Madagascar, the Comoros archipelago). Recently, sporadic human cases have been reported in Mayotte and Grande Comore, two islands belonging to the Comoros archipelago. To identify the hypothetical source of virus introduction in an inter‐epidemic or a post‐epidemic period, a longitudinal survey of livestock was set up in Comorian ruminant populations, known to be susceptible hosts. The phylogeographic genomic analysis has shown that RVF virus (RVFV) detected in a zebu collected in Anjouan in August 2011 seems to be related to the last known epidemic of RVF which occurred in East Africa and Madagascar (2007–2009). This result highlights the fact that RVFV is maintained within local livestock populations and transboundary animal movements from eastern continental Africa to Indian Ocean islands likely result in RVFV crossover.     

Evaluation of Oral Bait Vaccine Efficacy Against Classical Swine Fever in Village Backyard Pig Farms in Bhutan

Control and eradication of classical swine fever (CSF) in countries with a high proportion of backyard holdings is a challenge. Conventional attenuated Chinese C‐strain vaccines, though safe and effective, are difficult to use in backyard farms due to various practical reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CSF oral bait vaccine in village backyard pig farms and to assess the farmers' knowledge on CSF and motivation on using oral vaccines. The pigs were fed the bait by the farmers themselves; one bait was given on day 0, followed by second bait on the next day. Seventy‐three per cent (140 of 193 pigs) of vaccinated pigs had either a slight (2‐fold–3‐fold; 60 pigs) or significant (at least 4‐fold; 80 pigs) increase of the antibody titre against CSFV. A significant increase of the antibody titres was mainly observed in pigs with no pre‐vaccination titre (OR = 12, 95% CI = 4–40). The number of pigs with protective antibody titres (≥40) rose from 47 (24%) to 115 (60%) following vaccination. Only 30% of the farmers claimed to be familiar with CSF, although clinical signs they mentioned were rather unspecific and could relate to many other pig diseases. Most of the farmers claimed to be motivated to use oral vaccines if made available. The oral vaccine could be a substitute for the conventional attenuated CSF vaccines in areas where it is logistically difficult for veterinarians to visit. It may therefore be a useful tool to combat endemic CSF disease in regions where the disease continues to have a serious impact on the backyard farmers who depend on pig farming for their sustenance and livelihoods.     

Characterization of a Novel Chimeric Swine Enteric Coronavirus from Diseased Pigs in Central Eastern Europe in 2016

During a severe outbreak of diarrhoea and vomiting in a pig herd in Central Eastern Europe, faecal samples were tested positive for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and negative for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) using a commercial RT‐qPCR assay that can detect both of these coronaviruses. However, further analyses, using other TGEV‐ and PEDV‐specific RT‐qPCR assays, provided results inconsistent with infection by either of these viruses. Sequencing of an amplicon (ca. 1.6 kb), generated by an RT‐PCR specific for the PEDV S‐gene, indicated a very close similarity (ca. 99% identity) to recently described chimeric viruses termed swine enteric coronaviruses (SeCoVs). These viruses (with an RNA genome of ca. 28 kb) were first identified in Italy in samples from 2009 but have not been detected there since 2012. A closely related virus was detected in archived samples in Germany from 2012, but has not been detected subsequently. Building on the initial sequence data, further amplicons were generated and over 9 kb of sequence corresponding to the 3′‐terminus of the new SeCoV genome was determined. Sequence comparisons showed that the three known SeCoVs are ≥98% identical across this region and contain the S‐gene and 3a sequences from PEDV within a backbone of TGEV, but the viruses are clearly distinct from each other. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that pigs from within the SeCoV‐infected herd seroconverted against PEDV but tested negative in a TGEV‐specific ELISA that detects antibodies against the S protein. These results indicate that SeCoV is continuing to circulate in Europe and suggest it can cause a disease that is very similar to PED. Specific detection of the chimeric SeCoVs either requires development of a new diagnostic RT‐qPCR assay or the combined use of assays targeting the PEDV S‐gene and another part of the TGEV genome.     

Therapeutic effect of cisapride on gastric injury following hemorrhagic shock resuscitation in rats

Whenshockandtraumaoccur, stomachisoneofthetargetorganswhichcaneasilybeharmed,1acutegastricmucosalesionisalatentandfatalthreattothoseclinicalcriticallyillpatients.Aresearchshowsthattreatmentofgastricmotilityishelpfultoreducedeathrateofcriticallyillpatients…     

Effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on blood flow vol-ume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hem-orrhagic shock and liver impact injuries

Objective: To investigate the effects of CO2 pneumo-peritoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock model and liver impact injuries.Methods: After controlled hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries, the rabbit model was established. Eighteen rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic shock and liver impact inju-ries were divided into 3 groups randomly according to the volume of lost blood: light hemorrhagic shock (blood loss volume was 10%, 6 ml/kg), moderate hemorrhagic shock (20%, 12 ml/kg) and severe hemorrhagic shock (40%, 22 ml/kg). Intraabdominal pressures of CO2 pneumoperitoneum was 10 mmHg. Color-labeled microspheres were used to mea-sure the blood flow volume of the liver, kidney and stomach before pneumoperitoneum at 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum and 30 minutes after deflation. And the mortality and hepatic traumatic condition of rabbits were recorded.Results: Of the 18 rabbits, there were 9 with liver impact injuries at Grade Ⅰ, 8 at Grade Ⅱ and Ⅰ at Grade Ⅲ (according to AIS-2005). The mortality rate in light hemorrhagic shock group was 33.33%, and that in moderate or severe hemor-rhagic shock group was 100% within 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum, respectively. The blood flow vol-ume in the organs detected decreased at 30 minutes under pneumoperitoneum in light and moderate hemorrhagic shock groups. At the same time, the blood flow volume of the liver in moderate hemorrhagic shock group decreased more sig-nificantly than that in light hemorrhagic shock group.Conclusions: The blood flow volume of abdominal organs in rabbits is decreased obviously under CO2 pneumoperitoneum, with fairly high mortality rate. It is be-lieved that CO2 pneumoperitoneum should cautiously be used in abdominal injury accompanied with hemorrhagic shock, especially under non-resuscitation conditions.     

26例登革热患者的临床观察与护理

登革热是登革病毒引起的一种急性传染病,多发生于6～11月份,临床特点为突起发热,全身肌肉、骨、关节痛,极度疲乏,皮疹,部分患者可有淋巴结肿大及白细胞减少。登革热目前尚无特效治疗药物,主要以对症支持治疗为主,因此护理工作显得尤为重要。2009年9月初,义乌市突发登革热疫情。义乌市中心医院作为义乌市登革热防治定点医院,在2009年9月9-24日共收治登革热患者26例,取得较好的疗效。