浙江天目山和建德地区产银杏中内生真菌多样性的比较研究

目的比较银杏内生真菌在浙江天目山地区和建德地区以及在同一地区雄株与雌株银杏中的种群结构。方法利用PDA培养基对采集自天目山地区和建德地区以及天目山地区雄株和雌株的银杏内生真菌分别进行分离、纯化,根据菌株群落的培养特征及5.8S和ITS区片段序列相似性比较和系统发育分析,进行菌株鉴定。结果从天目山地区和建德地区分别分离得到440、382株内生真菌。天目山地区内生真菌归属到9目、14科、19属、28种;建德地区内生真菌归属到8目、10科、11属、26种。银杏各组织部位内生真菌的数量和种类按由多到少排序:枝条>树皮>叶。天目山地区雄株银杏内生真菌在定殖率和菌株个数上均高于雌株银杏。结论银杏内生真菌具有极其丰富的物种多样性,天目山地区银杏内生真菌在种类和数量上均多于建德地区。天目山地区雌雄株银杏在菌种种类和数量上存在差异,雄株银杏内生真菌在菌种数量上具有一定的优势。     

Ergot Alkaloids Produced by Endophytic Fungi of the Genus Epichlo?

The development of fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë in grasses results in the production of different groups of alkaloids, whose mechanism and biological spectrum of toxicity can differ considerably. Ergot alkaloids, when present in endophyte-infected tall fescue, are responsible for “fescue toxicosis” in livestock, whereas indole-diterpene alkaloids, when present in endophyte-infected ryegrass, are responsible for “ryegrass staggers”. In contrast, peramine and loline alkaloids are deterrent and/or toxic to insects. Other toxic effects in livestock associated with the consumption of endophyte-infected grass that contain ergot alkaloids include the “sleepy grass” and “drunken horse grass” diseases. Although ergovaline is the main ergopeptine alkaloid produced in endophyte-infected tall fescue and is recognized as responsible for fescue toxicosis, a number of questions still exist concerning the profile of alkaloid production in tall fescue and the worldwide distribution of tall fescue toxicosis. The purpose of this review is to present ergot alkaloids produced in endophyte-infected grass, the factors of variation of their level in plants, and the diseases observed in the mammalian species as relate to the profiles of alkaloid production. In the final section, interactions between ergot alkaloids and drug-metabolizing enzymes are presented as mechanisms that could contribute to toxicity.     

血清降钙素原在肺结核合并肺部感染诊断中的应用

目的探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）对肺结核（PTB）合并肺部感染早期诊断的临床价值。方法 收集某院2013年8-12月收治的确诊活动性PTB患者的临床资料,依据PTB患者合并细菌、真菌感染分为合并细菌感染组(n=104)和合并真菌感染组(n=37),同期该院确诊的活动性PTB未合并感染者作为对照组（n=95）,比较3组患者血清PCT浓度,并进行接受者操作特性（ROC）曲线分析。结果合并细菌和真菌感染组患者PCT中位浓度分别是0.44 ng/mL和0.30 ng/mL,均明显高于未合并感染组的0.16 ng/mL,差异具有统计学意义（Z值分别为9.49、3.51,均P＜0.001）。合并细菌和真菌感染组PCT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.89（0.84～0.93）和0.69（0.61～0.77）;临界值分别为0.31 ng/mL、0.27 ng/mL;灵敏度分别为79.81%（70.57%～86.80%）、59.46%（42.19%～74.80%）;特异度分别为83.16%（73.79%～89.78%）、73.68%（63.48%～81.95%）。结论血清PCT对早期诊断肺结核合并肺部细菌感染有一定价值,并且能为临床合理、正确选用抗菌药物提供参考依据。     

Two new 12-membered macrolides from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of Callistemon viminalis

Two new polyketide metabolites, the 12-membered macrolides 4-hydroxy-12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (1) and 12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (2), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of the plant Callistemon viminalis, together with five known derivatives. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis for new structures, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the new compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated.     

痔体黏膜发现白色念珠菌寄生

为探讨痔的病因,将26例患者痔体送病理组织检查,PAS染色发现9例有紫红色菌体寄生,据其形态判断是白色念珠菌,试管沙氏培养基培养见奶白色酵母样菌落,转种于科玛嘉培养基培养见菌落呈翠绿色,诊断为白色念珠菌。由此推断痔上皮增生、角化,黏膜大量炎细胞浸润,间质水肿、出血,黏膜下静脉强烈炎性变,是因白色念珠菌感染引起的。     

Effects of Fungi and Eosinophils on Mucin Gene Expression in Rhinovirus-Infected Nasal Epithelial Cells

Purpose

Fungi, rhinoviruses (RVs), and eosinophils are associated with upper respiratory diseases. We evaluated the effects of fungal stimulation and eosinophil co-culture on the expression of mucin genes in RV-infected nasal polyp epithelial cells.

Methods

Nasal polyp epithelial cells were obtained from chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Cultured epithelial cells were stimulated with Alternaria and Aspergillus with or without RV-16 infection. The epithelial cells were co-cultured with eosinophils for 16 h. MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA expressions in the epithelial cells were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. To determine the underlying mechanism, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors were used to inhibit mucin gene expression.

Results

Fungi and RV-16 induced mucin gene expression in nasal polyp epithelial cells. However, there was no synergistic increase in mucin gene expression, with the exception of MUC4 mRNA expression stimulated by 25 µg/mL Aspergillus. When RV-16-infected epithelial cells were stimulated with fungi and then co-cultured with eosinophils, MUC4, MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA expressions increased. Mucin gene expression was inhibited by NF-κB inhibitors.

Conclusions

RV-16, airborne fungi, and eosinophils may exacerbate the inflammatory process in nasal mucosal diseases by enhancing mucin gene expression.     

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目的探索人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染或艾滋病（AIDS）患者口腔真菌定植状况及菌种分布,为HIV感染或AIDS患者真菌感染防治提供理论依据。方法选择2013年6—12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院感染科就诊的HIV感染或AIDS患者30例,由口腔科采用咽拭子法收集口腔分泌物,通过真菌培养实验分析口腔真菌定植状况。结果 30例HIV感染或AIDS患者中,阳性带菌者19例,阳性率为63.3%。阳性带菌者年龄2~52岁;其中男13例（68.4%）、女6例（31.6%）;维吾尔族15例（78.9%）,汉族4例（21.1%）。阳性带菌者中携带白色念珠菌15例（78.9%）。结论白色念珠菌为HIV感染或AIDS患者口腔真菌定植的主要菌种。阳性带菌者年龄分布广泛。     

雪峰虫草子座不同生长发育时期的转录组研究

目的：挖掘调控雪峰虫草生长发育的相关通路和基因,揭示其子座生长发育的内在分子机制。方法：采用转录组测序技术（RNA-Seq）对雪峰虫草子座菌丝体（MD1）、子座原基（PD2）和子座（SD3）生长发育3个不同阶段进行测序;数据通过非冗余蛋白（NR）、Swiss-Prot、Pfam、京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）、真核生物相邻类的聚簇（KOG）、基因本体（GO）数据库进行功能注释。利用EdgeR软件进行差异表达基因分析,挖掘调控雪峰虫草子座生长发育的相关通路和基因。结果：测序结果显示,MD1、PD2、SD3分别获得了8.15、7.51、6.87 GB分析数据,拼接分析数据共获得34 218个转录本,平均长度为5502 bp,组装及去冗余后获得10 511条unigenes,平均长度为2470 bp。KOG功能注释和GO富集分析显示,细胞和细胞组分、新陈代谢过程、信号转导及碳代谢是雪峰虫草子座发育过程中的关键基因类别。对子座不同生长发育时期的基因进行差异表达分析发现,PD2和SD3相比差异表达基因最多,其中上调基因1073个,下调基因1036个,MD1和SD3相比差异表达基因最少,上调...     

阳春砂仁根内生真菌解磷功能评价及分类学鉴定

目的对产自于云南的阳春砂仁根内生真菌进行分离、纯培养、解磷功能评价及分类学鉴定。方法通过PDA和MEA培养基分离砂仁根内生真菌,并纯化培养;利用无机磷源Pikovaskaia’s(PVK)固体和液体培养基筛选具有解磷功能的内生真菌,并通过生长圈直径、生物量、有效磷含量、pH值、磷酸酶活性来分析菌株解磷能力和解磷机制;通过核糖体18SPCR扩增,对具有解磷效果的菌株进行分子鉴定。结果研究发现,分离自阳春砂仁根部的24株内生真菌,有10株为深色有隔内生真菌(dark septate endophytes,DSE)。通过难溶性PVK固体培养基筛选发现,共有8株菌可形成解磷生长圈,其中JP-20和JP-23生长直径均大于9 cm,其次为JP-15,生长圈直径为6.06 cm;PVK液体培养基筛选结果显示,菌株JP-23具有较强的解磷效果,生物量显著高于可溶性磷源,液体基质中有效磷含量显著升高,pH明显下降,酸性磷酸酶活性增加。经分子鉴定,初步认定菌株JP-23为枝孢属Cladosporiumsp.菌株(GenBank:MK629004)。结论菌株JP-23可通过调节基质pH值和分泌酸性磷酸酶来分解、吸收难溶性磷源。为研究植物-微生物磷吸收作用机制及砂仁生态种植提供数据支持和理论依据。     

丹东近海真菌Aspergillus pseudoglaucus次级代谢产物的研究

目的 研究海洋来源真菌假灰绿曲霉Aspergillus pseudog1aucus次级代谢产物的化学成分及其抗氧化活性.方法 摇床发酵后,采用硅胶柱层析、LH20凝胶色谱和半制备高效液相色谱等方法,对假灰绿曲霉发酵总浸膏进行分离纯化;利用核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)、旋光和单晶X-ray衍射技术结合文献报道数据确定...