427例足癣的菌型分布及患者相关知识的调查分析

目的　了解杭州地区足癣的菌型分布情况及患者对足癣知识的认识程度。方法　采用镜检，真菌培养方法对427例足癣患者进行了病原 菌的流行病学调查，同时采用问卷调查方式，了解患者对足癣有关知识的认知情况。结果　427例真菌镜检阳性的足癣患者中真菌鉴定结果红色 毛癣菌302例，占70.73％，其次是须癣毛癣菌67例，占15.69％，另有32例絮状表皮癣菌和17例白色念珠菌感染，9例培养未见真菌生长。足癣 是传染性皮肤病；足癣是真菌感染；足癣不是脚气病；足癣可引起化脓感染；传染足癣的主要途径是共用拖鞋、脚盆、擦脚布；足部出汗过多 是病因之一；足癣治疗要坚持用药的正确回答率分别为64.87%，42.86%，68.62％，27.40％，62.06％，42.39％及33.26%。结论足癣主要由红 色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌感染所致。约半数的足癣患者对足癣相关知识了解不全面，临床工作中应加强对患者有关足癣知识的宣传及普及。     

CT在真菌性鼻窦炎诊断中的价值

目的 探讨CT在真菌性鼻窦炎诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的30例真菌性鼻窦炎患者的临床表现、CT特征及术中所见。结果 CT征象：病变的窦腔内为不均匀的密度增高影，其中17例病变窦腔内呈不规则点状或片状钙化影，5例上颌窦内壁骨质吸收破坏，上颌窦口扩大11例，上颌窦骨壁增生硬化16例。CT诊断鼻窦炎27例，其中真菌性鼻窦炎23例，上颌窦占位性病变3例。结论 窦腔内散在点状、片状钙化的软组织充填是真菌性鼻窦炎CT诊断的主要征象。CT在真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断中具有重要价值。     

A systematic review on SARS-CoV-2-associated fungal coinfections

A severe pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has been sweeping the globe since 2019, and this time, it did not stop, with frequent mutations transforming into virulent strains, for instance, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.427. In recent months, a fungal infection, mucormycosis has emerged with more fatal responses and significantly increased mortality rate. To measure the severity and potential alternative approaches against black fungus coinfection in COVID-19 patients, PubMed, Google Scholar, World Health Organization (WHO) newsletters, and other online resources, based on the cases reported and retrospective observational analysis were searched from the years 2015–2021. The studies reporting mucormycosis with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection and/or demonstrating potential risk factors, such as a history of diabetes mellitus or suppressed immune system were included, and reports published in non-English language were excluded. More than 20 case reports and observational studies on black fungus coinfection in COVID-19 patients were eligible for inclusion. The results indicated that diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic, and immunocompromised COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis were at a higher risk. We found that it was prudent to assess the potential risk factors and severity of invasive mycosis via standardized diagnostic and clinical settings. Large-scale studies need to be conducted to identify early biomarkers and optimization of diagnostic methods has to be established per population and geographical variation. This will not only help clinicians around the world to detect the coinfection in time but also will prepare them for future outbreaks of other potential pandemics.     

COPD继发肺部真菌感染76例临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病患者医院内肺部真菌感染的危险因素及治疗方法。方法对2010年1月～2011年12月笔者所在医院收治的76例COPD继发肺部真菌感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 76例患者中,治愈率65.79%(50/76),有效率19.74%(15/76),无效率9.21%(7/76),死亡率5.26%(4/76)。结论针对COPD患者临床病死率较高的情况,尽量消除患者医院内肺部真菌感染的危险因素,从而降低病死率。     

Anti-inflammatory activity of lansais from endophytic Streptomyces sp. SUC1 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells

This research was undertaken to find the in vitro inflammatory action of lansai A–D produced by Streptomyces sp. SUC1. We investigated the effects of lansai C not only on the formation of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and IL-10, but also on inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The data obtained were consistent with the modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression. A similar fashion was also observed when LPS-induced PGE₂ release and COX-2 expression were tested. The significant inhibitory effects were shown in concentration-dependent manners. In addition, lansai C also mildly but significantly reduced the formation of TNF-α. These findings support the application of lansai C as anti-inflammatory agent.     

苦荞内生真菌产物EE-2抑制HepG2生长及诱导其细胞凋亡

目的研究苦荞内生真菌KQH-2代谢醇提物EE-2对人肝癌细胞的抑制作用及其作用机制。方法采用MTT法考察EE-2对人肝癌细胞HepG2体外增殖的抑制作用,显微镜观察EE-2对HepG2细胞形态的影响,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞DNA完整性,并利用流式细胞仪检测HepG2细胞凋亡及细胞周期变化情况。结果用EE-2处理过的HepG2细胞,显微镜观察可见细胞脱壁圆缩,出现凋亡小体;细胞核降解。流式细胞仪检测发现,处理组的DNA直方图上有比对照组加强的SubG1峰,且可将HepG2细胞阻滞于G0/G1期。结论苦荞内生真菌KQH-2代谢醇提物EE-2可诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞的凋亡,且具有细胞周期阻滞作用。     

微透析技术在药物-蛋白结合研究中的应用

目的介绍微透析技术在药物-蛋白结合研究中的应用。方法通过查阅近年来国内外相关文献,概述微透析技术的基本原理、特点、探针及影响探针相对回收率的主要因素,并重点介绍其在药物-蛋白结合研究中的应用。结果与结论与平衡透析法、超滤法相比,微透析技术是一项新兴的在体或离体取样技术,在药物-蛋白结合研究中具有显著的优越性和广阔的应用前景。     

肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的影响因素探讨

目的 探讨肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的影响因素。方法对我院收治的肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的患者39例（病例组）和同期单纯肺结核患者51例（对照组）进行对照研究。所有研究对象均采用统一的调查问卷方式。结果病例组与对照组在复肺结核、继发性肺结核、长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素类药物及痰涂片抗酸染色阴性治此5项指标之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。增加合并肺部真菌感染的风险。结论了解肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的影响因素,对于本病的早期诊断提供参考依据。     

Infection of adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

This study describes a laboratory investigation on the use of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. At a dosage of 1.6 x 10(10)conidia/m(2), applied on material that served as a mosquito resting site, an average of 87.1+/-2.65% of Ae. aegypti and 89.3+/-2.2% of Ae. albopictus became infected with the fungus. The life span of fungus-contaminated mosquitoes of both species was significantly reduced compared to uninfected mosquitoes. LT(50)-values of fungus-contaminated mosquitoes ranged between 3.1+/-0.2 days (male Ae. aegypti) and 4.1+/-0.3 days (female Ae. aegypti). LT(50)-values of uncontaminated mosquitoes ranged from 17.7+/-0.4 days (female Ae. albopictus) to 19.7+/-0.6 days (male Ae. albopictus). These results indicate that both mosquito species are highly susceptible to infection with this entomopathogen. Requirements for developing and incorporating this biological control method into current strategies to control major diseases vectored by these species, such as dengue fever, are discussed.     

产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum S-3-25人工海水培养基发酵次级代谢产物研究

目的 阐明南极深海来源真菌产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum S-3-25人工海水培养基的发酵次级代谢产物及其活性。方法 利用各种色谱技术分离纯化次级代谢产物,根据理化和波谱数据（核磁共振、质谱技术和Marfey分析）鉴定化合物结构,采用3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT）法评价细胞毒活性。结果 从真菌S-3-25人工海水培养基发酵产物中分离鉴定了8个单体化合物：2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1-oxopropyl] amino] benzoic acid (1),methyl 2-[[(2S)-2-amino-1-oxopropyl] amino] benzoate (2),2-[[(2S)-2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl] amino] benzamide (3),3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylpropionamide (4),4-hydroxycinnamamide (5),cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (6),脑苷脂A (7) 及脑苷脂B (8)。细胞毒活性测试结果表明化合物1~8在50 μM作用浓度下对三种受试细胞（人乳腺癌MCF-7,人肺癌A549以及小鼠小胶质BV2细胞）的抑制率均低于50%。结论 从极地深海来源真菌产黄青霉S-3-25人工海水培养基发酵产物中分离得到8个单体化合物,其中化合物1和2为新天然产物,未见有文献数据的报道。化合物1~8均未呈现较强的细胞毒活性。