A case of an epithelioid glioblastoma with the BRAF V600E mutation colocalized with BRAF intact low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma

Epithelioid glioblastomas are one of the rarest histological variants of glioblastomas, which are not formally recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Epithelioid glioblastomas usually occur as primary lesions, but there have been several reports of secondary epithelioid glioblastomas or epithelioid glioblastomas with pre‐ or co‐existing lesions to date. The serine/threonine‐protein kinase B‐Raf (BRAF) V600E mutation has been found at a high frequency of 54% in epithelioid glioblastomas. We present a case of a 26‐year‐old female patient with an epithelioid glioblastoma with the BRAF V600E mutation in her right frontal lobe. In the present case, a low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma component had colocalized with the epithelioid glioblastoma. The component presented prominent calcification on neuroimages as well as by histology, and low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma was considered to be a precursor lesion of an epithelioid glioblastoma. However, the BRAF V600E mutation was detected only in epithelioid glioblastoma but not in low‐grade diffuse astrocytoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a discrepancy in the BRAF V600E mutation states between epithelioid glioblastoma and colocalized low‐grade astrocytoma.     

免疫球蛋白E型自身抗体在自身免疫相关皮肤病中的研究进展

大量研究显示,免疫球蛋白E(IgE)不但参与变态反应的发生发展,还可通过多种机制诱发和加重自身免疫反应.IgE型自身抗体已证实可在多种自身免疫相关皮肤病中出现,可能通过与自身抗原结合影响树突细胞、肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞等多种免疫机制参与相关疾病的发生发展.本文综述IgE在系统性红斑狼疮、大疱性类天疱疮以及慢性特发性荨麻...     

康乐鼻炎片联合西替利嗪治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床研究

目的探讨康乐鼻炎片联合盐酸西替利嗪治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床效果。方法选取2019年5月—2020年5月天津医科大学中新生态城医院收治的86例过敏性鼻炎患者,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组晚餐时口服盐酸西替利嗪片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服康乐鼻炎片,4片/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者典型表现评分,鼻结膜炎生活质量调查问卷(RQLQ)总分,鼻功能指标总鼻气道阻力(NAR)、0～5 cm鼻腔容积(NCV)和鼻腔最小横截面积(NMCA),及血清白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、IL-16、可溶性E-选择素(s E-selectin)和嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子(Eotaxin)水平。结果治疗后,治疗组临床有效率为95.35%,显著高于对照组的79.07%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞、鼻痒评分及总分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且以治疗组下降更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组RQLQ总分和NAR总分较同组治疗前均显著下降,而0～5 cm NCV和NMCA均显著增大(P<0.05),且均...     

Stability of cucurbitacin E in human plasma: chemical hydrolysis and role of plasma esterases

It was shown previously that the anticancerous cytotoxic oxygenated triterpenes, cucurbitacin E (Cuc E) and its deacetylated form, cucurbitacin I (Cuc I), interacted differently with human serum albumin. In this study, the biochemical stability of Cuc E was investigated in vitro by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. The hydrolysis rate in acidic and alkaline solutions, and in enzymatic conditions in human plasma and in purified plasma esterase solutions of butyrylcholinesterase and albumin, was compared with that measured in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). Cuc E hydrolysis was detected in all the in vitro tests, but the extent of hydrolysis varied according to the different enzymatic and non‐enzymatic conditions. A remarkable rapid hydrolysis of Cuc E was detected in acidic and alkaline solutions. A significant rate of hydrolysis of Cuc E was monitored in human plasma and was associated with the detection of Cuc I. The stability of Cuc E was greatly enhanced in the presence of albumin. However, purified butyrylcholinesterase had no effect on Cuc E stability. Among specific inhibitors of plasma esterases, only EDTA increased Cuc E stability, suggesting that paraoxonase is the human plasma esterase involved in the hydrolysis of Cuc E. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity

Since multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms have been increasing, polymyxin E (colistin) has been reintroduced despite its nephrotoxicity. A case–control study was performed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. From August 2006 to June 2008, 47 cases receiving at least one defined daily dose (DDD) of intravenous colistin were included; 15 (31.9%) of the 47 cases developed nephrotoxicity with preserved urine output, 3 (20%) of whom underwent renal replacement therapy. The mean dosage of colistimethate sodium was 2.25 g (22.5 DDD; range 0.6–8.7 g) at the time of nephrotoxicity. Of 10 patients who were re-assessed for renal function after 1 month, 9 (90%) recovered their renal function. In the univariate analysis, site of infection, hypoalbuminaemia and cumulative dosage of the second-generation fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) co-administered during colistin treatment as well as concomitant use of NSAIDs were risk factors for nephrotoxicity. However, in the logistic regression hypoalbuminaemia and the use of NSAIDs were significant risk factors for increased nephrotoxicity during colistin administration, suggesting that free colistin might cause renal toxicity. In conclusion, colistin-induced nephrotoxicity occurred at a high rate, and hypoalbuminaemia and concomitant use of NSAIDs were significant risk factors.     

参附注射液联合前列腺素E1治疗糖尿病足40例疗效观察

目的：观察参附注射液联合前列腺素E1（PGE1）治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法：将40例糖尿病足患者分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组（n=20）采用基础治疗＋静脉滴注（参附注射液＋PGE1）并与对照组（n=20）采用基础治疗＋静脉滴注PGE,进行比较。观察治疗前后糖尿病足溃疡愈合的疗效并对治疗前后血管超声及血凝指标进行分析。结果：治疗组总有效率达90．0％,对照组为65．0％,2组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;治疗组胭动脉及足背动脉管腔内径较治疗前均有显著性扩大（P〈0．05）：治疗组用药后组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）显著升高,纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1（PAI-1）有显著降低。结论：参附注射液联合PGE,治疗糖尿病足疗效显著,明显提高了溃疡治愈率,副作用轻微,值得临床推广。     

Effectiveness of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and phosphate on bone cells in Paget's disease

In two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and Paget's disease, measurement of biochemical variables and quantitative histology showed that calcitonin plus oral phosphate therapy induced a dramatic decrease in serum calcium and in osteoclast count and osteoclastic surface in bone, contrasting with a substantial increase in serum phosphate and in osteoblastic surface in bone. Removal of the adenomas was followed by a two- to threefold increase in the osteoblastic surface. In one patient in whom only the right ilium was pagetic, biopsy specimens obtained from both iliums revealed that calcitonin plus phosphate therapy had a greater effect on the pagetic bone cells and that adenomectomy (A-PTX) had a greater effect on the normal bone cells. In addition the increased number of nuclei per osteoclast in the pagetic bone decreased after calcitonin plus phosphate therapy but remained unchanged after A-PTX. A positive correlation was found between the size of the preexisting pool of osteoclast nuclei and the appearance of osteoblasts after calcitonin administration or PTH suppression, suggesting that the osteoclasts are the immediate precursors of the osteoblasts.     

HIV广泛中和抗体4E10的研究进展

4E10是目前中和作用最广泛的HIV单克隆抗体.其抗原核心表位被证实为NWF(D/N)IT基序,但利用抗原表位氨基酸未能诱导产生类似4E10的中和抗体.研究发现,4E10可能是一种自身抗体而难以诱导产生,而且其表位氨基酸在自然状态大部分隐蔽于HIV包膜磷脂层中,不但难以诱导产生抗体,而且无法与4E10紧密结合.此文就4E10抗体的发现、自身抗体特性及其表位完全暴露机制方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

HPLC法测定复方氢化可的松栓剂中维生素E的含量

目的用HPLC法测定复方氢化可的松栓剂中维生素E（VE）含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱：KromasilC18柱（4．6mm×200mm,5μm）;流动相为甲醇,检测波长为285nm。流速：1．0ml／min;柱温：室温。结果VE浓度在0．30～1．60μg范围与峰面积呈线性关系（r=0．99995）。结论此方法准确、灵敏、快速、简便。     

Osteoinductive capacity and heat stability of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> and dimerized by biochemical processing

One problem associated with clinical application of CHO-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (C-BMP-2) is its high cost due to the need for use of high doses. To solve this problem, Escherichia coli-derived BMP-2 (E-BMP-2) has been examined using the technique of molecular unfolding and refolding. However, it is unclear whether the characteristics of E-BMP-2 are appropriate for clinical application. In this study, we examined the biological activity of E-BMP-2 and its heat tolerance in in vitro and in vivo systems. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed the high purity of E-BMP-2. E-BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase expression in osteoprogenitor cells (C2C12, ST2, and primary murine calvarial osteoblast cells) was dose-dependent, and consistently elicited ectopic new ossicles of significant size in mice, also in dose-dependent fashion. In addition, E-BMP-2 induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and mRNA expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers to the same extent as C-BMP-2. On the other hand, when E-BMP-2 was exposed to increasing heat over time, its bone-inducing capacity was maintained until reaching 70°C for 2 h or 90°C for 15 min. Thus, E-BMP-2 will exhibit a decrease in activity with the sterilization procedures required prior to use in surgery. These findings indicate that the biological capacity and heat stability of E-BMP-2 are almost equivalent to those of currently available C-BMP-2, and suggest that E-BMP-2 might, thus, solve current problems of cost impeding routine clinical use of rhBMP-2.