钡离子(Ba~■)诱发心室肌细胞自发电活动的实验

用心肌细胞跨膜电位记录,证实高浓度Ba~■(4mol/L)可诱发豚鼠心室肌自发电活性,这种自发电活性主要来自延迟后除极电位(DAD)及触发活动,且可被维拉帕米(异搏定)阻断,提示DAD的产生与钙离子内流有关。     

The optimal technique for electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation

The optimal approach to electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation includes appropriate patient selection, anticoagulation, careful selection and monitoring of antiarrhythmic therapy, and proper electrical cardioversion technique. The optimal technique requires the use of metal electrodes, with one electrode of at least 8 cm in diameter placed in the anterior position, and the second of 12–13 cm diameter placed posteriorly just below the left scapulae, with generous amounts of the appropriate gel (such as Hewlett-Packard Redux Paste) as the electrode-skin interface and firm pressure to the paddle electrode with the patient in expiration. Thus the anterior-posterior chest diameter is decreased and less air between the electrodes is assured. The initial shock strength should be 200 J. The shock is synchronized with the electrocardiographic QRS complex. This report reviews the justification for these recommendations.     

Anticonvulsant properties of the cerebrospinal fluid due to antiepileptic system activation

Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of Pathological Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Odessa Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksprimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 8, pp. 146–149, August, 1988.     

THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE FACTORS ON GALL BLADDER PRESSURE AFTER AURICULAR POINT STIMULATION

The study has explored 11 correlative variables which might affect the gallblad-der pressure GBP of patients with gall stone after auricular electrical stimulation by means of multiplestepwise regression. It was found that the size of gallbladder stone (X9), cholecystolithiasis (X4),sex (X1), and the baseline of GBP (X10) could affect the GBP change range (Y1) depressingly orreinforcingly. Also the baseline of GBP (Y1) could be affected by the variables X1 (sex), X2 (age),and X6 (long diameter of the gallbladder, LDGB), etc.. The result shows that the change in GBPafter auricular electrical stimulation is comprehensively influenced by multiple factors. And it providessome useful information for predicting the curative effect of auricular therapy on gallbladder stone inclinic.     

Superior vena cava syndrome and syncope in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipient.

We describe the case of a recipient of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator with multiple syncopal episodes due both to superior vena cava obstruction and electrical instability. These complications occurred in the presence of two transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads. The patient has been managed conservatively with anticoagulants and new antiarrhythmic drugs with improvement in both his clinical problems.     

肝硬化患者的脑电活动地形图

对２０例无临床肝性脑病的失代偿期肝硬化患者进行脑电活动地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）检查，并与３３例正常人作对照，以探讨亚临床肝性脑病（ＳＨＥ）的诊断价值。结果表明，２０例肝硬化患者中，ＢＥＡＭ正常５例，轻度异常５例，轻￣中度异常５例，中度异常５例，总异常率为７５％（１５／２０）。ＢＥＡＭ异常的分布特点以弥漫性分布为主要表现，主要为慢频域（δ．θ．δ＋θ／α＋β）活动增强，Ｚ值增高，只有３例波及α频域。提示：     

Effect of verapamil on development of the pain syndrome in rats after sciatic nerve division

Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain and Laboratory of General Pathology of the Microcirculation, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 9, pp. 229–231, September, 1992.     

Topographical analysis of the EEG effects of a subconvulsive dose of lidocaine in healthy volunteers

Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of intravenous lidocaine on spatial changes of electroen-cephalographic power and on psychomotoric status in conscious volunteers.
Methods: In 11 healthy volunteers lidocaine (2-min bolus, 100 mg; 15-min infusion, 40 μg kg^-1 min^-1) or placebo were given intravenously in a randomized, single-blinded, two-way crossover study. Haemodynamics and lidocaine plasma concentrations were measured at baseline and within a period of 30 min following bolus injection. Vigilance and emotional status were tested using visual analogue scales (VAS). Toxic CNS effects were evaluated by a questionnaire. The raw EEG (17 leads, reference C_z) and computed power spectra were continuously recorded.
Results: The chosen lidocaine dosage led to nearly constant plasma concentrations (unbound lidocaine 2.5 min and 15 min after bolus 0.36±0.14 μg/ml and 0.30±0.06 μg/ml, respectively [mean±SD]). The placebo caused no symptoms, changes in VAS-scores or EEG-parameters. Lidocaine induced pronounced subjective symptoms and significant increases in delta activity for 15 min, most dominant at the frontotemporal and occipital leads (max. +219% O₁). Frontal and occipital beta1 and beta2 power (max. +131% and +124% at O₁, respectively) was immediately increased after the bolus injection. No EEG changes occurred at central region C_z, and no interhemispheric EEG differences were noted. Theta, alphal, and alpha2 power remained unchanged.
Conclusion: The current data demonstrate simultaneous changes in psychomotoric status as well as delta and beta spectral power during lidocaine infusion. These data could be an indication that the pronounced frontotemporal and occipital EEG changes are the electroencephalographic expression of subjective sensations.     

Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure: Will the Solution Be Shocking?

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur in as many as 40% of all patients who suffer from heart failure. This review describes the scope of the problem, risk factors for SCD, the effect of medications used in heart failure on SCD and the potential effect of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in primary prevention.