干燥节能和蒸汽热能及余热的利用

介绍涉及干燥机节能减排有关的蒸汽热能及余热的几种利用,以及为提高二次蒸汽的质量,介绍防止惰性气体进入二次蒸汽中的措施,例举了一种适用低品质二次蒸汽的列管式干燥机。     

Air drying as a preparatory factor in cytology: investigation of its influence on dye uptake and dye binding

The effect of air-drying on cytological material is investigated in this article. Smears of rat liver were fixed completely wet and, after air drying, postfixed in ethanol, methanol/formaldehyde/acetic acid (MFA), and formaldehyde. Staining was performed with the thionin-Feulgen procedure, a standard Romanowsky-Giemsa stain with azure B-eosin Y and a Papanicolaou staining variant. The image analysis system IBAS 2000 was applied to evaluate objective criteria of the changes caused by air drying the chromatin texture. Nuclear absorption was measured with a Vickers M 85a Microdensitometer. Air-drying had striking effects on size and shape of cell nuclei (spreading), on the structure of the nuclear chromatin (chromatin condensation), and on the chromaticity coordinates (hue, saturation, and intensity of nuclear staining). The variations of the chromatin texture and dye-substrate affinity are attributed to alterations of the tertiary structure of the nuclear proteins.     

Dexamethasone acetate encapsulation into Trojan particles

We have combined the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles systems with the ease of manipulation of microparticles by developing a hybrid vector named Trojan particles. We aim to use this new delivery vehicle for intravitreal administration of dexamethasone. Initialy, dexamethasone acetate (DXA) encapsulation into biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles was optimized. Then, Trojan particles were formulated by spray drying 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DPPC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and different concentrations of nanoparticle suspensions. The effect of nanoparticles concentration on Trojan particle physical characteristics was investigated as well as the effect of the spray drying process on nanoparticles size. Finally, DXA in vitro release from nanoparticles and Trojan particles was evaluated under sink condition. SEM and confocal microscopy show that most of Trojan particles are spherical, hollow and possess an irregular surface due to the presence of nanoparticles. Neither Trojan particle tap density nor size distribution are significantly modified as a function of nanoparticles concentration. The mean nanoparticles size increase significantly after spray drying. Finally, the in vitro release of DXA shows that the excipient matrix provides protection to encapsulated nanoparticles by slowing drug release.     

Bioavailability study of a freeze-dried sodium phenytoin-milk formulation.

The problematic bioavailability of phenytoin's (5,5-diphenylhydantoin) oral formulations serves as a stimulus for examining new formulations and/or administration conditions that may provide more predictable absorption. Attempts to achieve more consistent peroral phenytoin bioavailability from conventional solid dosage forms include changes of binder and crystal size, use of salt form, and inclusion of the drug in cyclodextrins. In addition, various factors which may affect the environment and/or the physiology of the upper gastrointestinal tract can profoundly affect the absorption of phenytoin. Among other approaches, the use of drug-milk freeze-dried formulations has been proposed to overcome problems associated with dissolution-limited bioavailability. The effect has been attributed to the formation of an amorphous precipitate during the drying process which facilitates the re-dissolution of the drug during the regeneration of the milk solution. In this work, we report comparative bioavailability studies utilizing a freeze-dried sodium phenytoin-milk formulation and a capsule formulation administered with either water or milk. In addition, the interaction of the drug with milk components was evaluated in vitro through binding and solubility studies.     

Potential application of overseas forest biomass supply chain experience to reduce costs in emerging Australian forest biomass supply chains – a literature review

Forest biomass (FB) is widely used overseas as an industrial energy source, particularly in Europe, but is currently little used in Australia. Typical attributes of FB disadvantage it as a fuel relative to traditional energy sources: high moisture content, low bulk density, spatial and temporal dispersion, low value and low energy content. As such, minimising FB delivered costs will be critical to further development of Australian forest biomass supply chains (FBSC).

The paper reviews published international and Australian research into the key FBSC elements (biomass source, primary transport, storage, secondary transport and processing) focussing on areas where Australian FBSCs could potentially apply the research to reduce costs and where additional Australian research is required. Logging residue (LR) was identified as the FB resource in Australia with the greatest potential for use as biofuel. Rapid infield drying of LR in Australian studies suggests that infield drying could be used to reduce secondary transport costs, which can be a significant part of the delivered FB costs. However, further development of Australian FBSC models supported by research into primary and secondary transport costs, drying and chipper performance will be required to identify trade-offs between potential FBSC costs and benefits and to facilitate forest managers’ decision-making processes regarding the establishment and running of FBSCs.     

栀子果实干燥工艺优选研究

目的:通过对栀子果实干燥工艺的优选研究,探索栀子果实干燥的最佳温度和最佳干燥时间,从而控制栀子的质量。方法:考察干燥温度和干燥时间对栀子果实中栀子苷含量的影响,采用高效液相色谱法,以栀子苷质量分数为指标,考虑干燥温度和干燥时间,采用单因素法优选栀子果实干燥工艺。结果:50℃干燥栀子,栀子果实中栀子苷含量较高且稳定;65℃以上干燥栀子,栀子果实中栀子苷含量呈下降趋势。结论:栀子果实的干燥工艺是:50℃干燥36 h,既快又保证质量。     

喷雾干燥条件对复方黄连干粉质量的影响

目的:通过实验优选出复方黄连干粉的最佳喷雾干燥制备条件。方法:以复方黄连干粉含水量及盐酸小檗碱损失率为指标,考察不同进风温度,喷速对复方黄连干粉质量的影响。结果:优选出最佳喷雾干燥条件,进风温度170～190℃,喷速3 500 mL.h-1。结论:采用上述喷雾干燥条件制备复方黄连干粉是可行的。     

多项目复合肿瘤标志物冻干质控品的制备及稳定性评价

目的探讨多项目复合肿瘤标志物冻干质控品的制备及稳定性评价。方法利用真空冷冻干燥法制备多项目复合肿瘤标志物冻干质控品,并评价其稳定性。结果被考察冻干质控品外观均匀,复溶后澄清透明,2～8℃稳定至少18个月,37℃稳定至少1周。结论自制复合肿瘤标志物冻干质控品稳定性较好,能满足室内质控的要求。     

生产需要干燥机规格、结构和性能多样化

介绍和总结多年来对传统双锥真空干燥机结构和性能的研究,在深入认识的基础上提出结构的改进,消除结构性污染隐患,使干燥性能大幅度提高,用途也扩展到≤30℃干燥及真空低温制粒干燥。