羊膜凝胶对大鼠干眼的治疗作用及其作用机制

目的 通过局部应用苯扎氯铵(benzalkonium chloride,BAC)建立大鼠干眼模型,观察羊膜凝胶对大鼠干眼的治疗作用。方法 随机选取25只健康Wistar大鼠制作干眼动物模型后,随机分为干眼对照组(A组)、溶剂治疗组(B组)、羊膜提取液组(C组)、羊膜凝胶组(D组)和人工泪液治疗组(E组),另取5只大鼠作为正常对照组。每组治疗前后分别检测大鼠干眼指标,包括泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间及角膜荧光染色评分。治疗4周后收集大鼠眼组织标本行病理及生化检测,包括角膜HE染色、PAS染色、免疫组化染色及TUNEL试验。结果 随着治疗时间的延长,羊膜匀浆提取液及羊膜凝胶均可改善大鼠干眼状况。治疗4周后D组大鼠的各项干眼指标相对于B组均有明显好转,干眼治疗效果明显优于E组(P<0.05)。另外,羊膜凝胶可使干眼大鼠的角膜上皮平整规则,角膜上皮K10表达下调,增加角膜MUC1 的表达,有助于维持泪膜稳定性。结论 羊膜凝胶可通过维持角膜上皮完整性,抑制角结膜鳞状上皮化生,促进结膜杯状细胞增殖、黏蛋白分泌而减轻干眼的病理损伤,从而缓解干眼的症状,具有治疗大鼠干眼的效果。     

种植牙机助拔和传统方法拔下颌阻生智齿干槽症发生率的比较研究

目的比较种植牙机助拔和传统方法拔除下颌阻生智齿后干槽症的发生率。方法用自体对照法随机抽取种植牙机助拔下颌阻生智齿156例(翻瓣、去骨、挺出后缝合的方法)和传统拔除下颌阻生智齿107例(去骨、劈牙、挺出的方法)手术病例。统计2组干槽症的发生率。结果种植牙机拔牙组干槽症的发生率明显低于传统拔牙组干槽症的发病率。经统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P=0.013)。结论种植牙机助拔下颌阻生智齿与传统凿劈法相比,手术安全、快捷、创伤小,在预防干槽症的发生方面具有十分明显的效果。     

载体对微粉型粉雾剂呼吸道沉降的影响

目的：研究载体对微粉型粉雾剂呼吸道沉降的影响，筛选适合的载体组成和制备工艺。方法：以硫酸沙丁胺醇为模型药物，选用双冲程碰撞试验仪，评价以乳糖、甘露醇为载体的微粉型粉雾剂对药物在呼吸道沉降的影响。结果：含药甘露醇溶液喷雾干燥微粉，在模拟肺部药和沉降量最大（30．2％），明显高于两者分别喷雾干燥微粉的物理混合物（4．9％），处方中加入2％泊洛沙姆，并不显著增加药物沉降量；而以乳糖为载体时，呼吸道沉降量并不受乳糖介入方式的影响，但处方加入2％洛沙姆有助于提高药物在模拟肺部沉降。结论：选用甘露醇为载体以喷雾干燥法可制得较理想的微粉型粉雾剂。     

0.5g/L环孢素A滴眼液对中重度干眼患者眼部症状及体征评分的影响

目的：探讨0.5g/L环孢素A滴眼液对中重度干眼患者眼部症状及体征评分的影响。
　　方法：中重度干眼症患者80例160眼依据随机双盲试验原则将其分为两组：观察组40例80眼,采用10 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠和0.5g/L环孢素A滴眼液治疗,对照组40例80眼,采用10 g/L羧甲基纤维素钠滴眼液治疗,比较两组患者眼部症状和体征评分变化。
　　结果：观察组治疗总有效率95.0%,显著高于对照组(85.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患者未治疗时症状积分分别为36.1±4.4、36.4±4.5分,经治疗后,观察组1、3 lo 时症状积分下降至25.2±3.2、11.09±3.9分,对照组下降至29.4±4.1、22.05±3.1分,治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但观察组治疗1、3 lo的症状积分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验( Slt)、角膜荧光素染色( FL)和生活质量(OSDI)评分之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);经治疗后,观察组四项指标均显著下降(P<0.05),对照组仅 FL 和OSDI评分显著下降,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);观察组治疗后四项指标均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组在用药14~28d时3眼出现刺痛感,对照组2眼刺痛感,1眼结膜充血,继续用药时2 d后全部消失。
　　结论：0.5g/L环孢素A滴眼液能够有效缓解中重度干眼患者症状和体征,促进泪液分泌,改善患者眼表环境,治疗效果良好。     

干眼症患者对比敏感度的测定

目的:研究干眼症对比敏感度的变化及通过对比敏感度测试来评价人工泪液对干眼症患者视功能的影响。方法:确诊为干眼症患者25例50眼和正常人15例29眼,分别测量BUT(泪膜破裂时间)、SⅠt(泪液分泌基础实验)和泪膜干涉图像,并采用OPTEC6500视功能测试仪分别测量干眼症患者和正常人应用人工泪液前后的对比敏感度。主要观察指标包括BUT、SⅠt、泪膜干涉图像及低、中、高频CS。结果:本研究中按临床症状、BUT,SⅠt和泪膜干涉图像试验结果将受试者分为干眼症组和正常对照组,两组年龄比较无统计学差异。干眼症患者低、中、高频CS均低于正常组(P<0.05)。应用人工泪液5min后,发现干眼症组低、中、高频CS都有显著提高(P<0.05);且干眼症组应用人工泪液后的对比敏感度与对照组相近。结论:干眼症的低对比敏感度可以通过人工泪液的使用加以改善,通过人工泪液治疗不但可以缓解症状而且使干眼症的视觉质量接近正常人标准;另外,对比敏感度测试可以作为一种客观的非接触的评价泪膜质量的方法,为干眼症的治疗疗效提供客观依据。     

干眼症的物理治疗研究进展

干眼症是临床常见的眼表疾病,严重影响患者的工作与生活质量。近年来,物理治疗干眼症发展迅速。本文系统总结了传统物理治疗方法如熏蒸、雾化、眼周按摩、热敷、湿房镜等,以及近年来兴起并广泛应用的绷带镜与巩膜接触镜、强脉冲光治疗、Blephasteam湿室升温护目镜、LipiFlow热脉动治疗等现代物理治疗方法,并对近年来物理治疗干眼症的研究进展进行综述,为临床治疗提供参考。     

Relationship between unhealthy sleep status and dry eye symptoms in a Japanese population: The JPHC-NEXT study

PurposeTo investigate whether and how unhealthy sleep habits (i.e., the frequency of difficulty falling or staying asleep, and the frequency of waking up tired) and the duration of sleep are related to the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in a general population.MethodsThis study included a total of 106,282 subjects aged 40–74 years who participated in a baseline survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation. DED was defined as the presence of clinically diagnosed DED or severe symptoms. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships of various components of sleep status with DED.ResultsHigher frequencies of having difficulty falling or staying asleep, and waking up tired were significantly related to increased DED in both sexes (P_trend<0.001). Compared with those with 8 h/day of sleep, shorter sleepers had an increased prevalence of DED in both sexes, although DED was increased among men who slept ≥10 h/day. By comparing participants with the greatest vs. the least difficulty of falling asleep, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 2.23 (95% CI, 1.99–2.49) for men and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.76–2.07) for women. When analyzed separately, the magnitude of each relationship was stronger with severe DED symptoms than with clinically diagnosed DED.ConclusionsSleep deprivation and poor sleep quality were significantly related to DED in a Japanese population.     

CO2浓度升高对不同水分养分条件下小麦幼苗生长的影响--测试文章

设置了5个氮素浓度梯度（N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄）、3个PEG（P₀、P₁、P₂）浓度梯度以及2个CO₂浓度（370±50 μmol·mol^-1; 700±50 μmol·mol^-1）水平的盆栽试验,探究了小麦幼苗生长、物质积累与分配以及植株水分条件的变化规律。结果表明：小麦幼苗株高、地上部干重、根干重、生物量以及叶水势的最大值以及高浓度CO₂的最大刺激作用均出现在处理N₁P₀; 而根长和根冠比的最大值分别出现在处理N₀P₀和N₁P₂,高浓度CO₂的最大刺激值也分别出现在处理N₀P₀和N₁P₂; 适宜养分条件下,高浓度CO₂能够最大限度地促进小麦幼苗的生长,同时高浓度CO₂通过提高小麦幼苗叶水势,一定程度上缓解了低浓度PEG胁迫的不利影响。因此,未来CO₂浓度升高将对水肥条件好的小麦产生促进作用,可缓解轻度水分不足的不利影响,而对严重干旱胁迫下小麦的生长作用不明显。     

The clinical effects of sodium hyaluronate,polyethylene glycol,and dextran-70 eye drops in relieving dry eye after phacoemulsification

To compare the clinical efficacy of sodium hyaluronate eye drops, polyethylene glycol eye drops, and compound dextran eye drops in the treatment of dry eye after phacoemulsification of cataract.A total of 99 patients with dry eye after cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation were treated in our hospital. Patients were divided into group A (sodium hyaluronate eye drops), group B (polyethylene glycol eye drops), and group C (dextran-70 eye drops). The clinical effect, tear film breakup time, basic tear secretion, corneal staining score, dry eye symptom score, and the incidence of ocular irritation were assessed.On the 3rd, 15th, 30th, and 60th day after operation, the tear film breakup time, corneal staining score, Schirmer I test, and dry eye symptom score in group A and group B were better than those in group C (P < .05). In addition, there were no significant differences in tear breakdown time, corneal staining score, Schirmer I test, and dry eye symptom score between group A and group B (P > .05). At 3 days to 60 days after operation, the incidence of dry eye in group A (12.12%) and group B (18.18%) was lower than that in group C (39.39%), and the incidence of dry eye in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P < .05).The effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops elicited a greater beneficial impact as compared to polyethylene glycol eye drops and dextran-70 eye drops.     

Efficacy of salbutamol via Easyhaler unaffected by low inspiratory flow

The fine particle dose delivered via dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is often affected by the inspiratory flow rate generated during inhalation. This has clinical implications, since the fine particle dose determines the amount of drug reaching the lungs. With Easyhaler DPI the fine particle dose remains relatively constant over the range of inspiratory flow rates from 30-60 l min(-1). The aim of this study was to confirm that clinical efficacy is maintained even at low flow rates by comparing the bronchodilating effect of salbutamol (100 microg) delivered via Easyhaler at a target inspiratory flow of 30 l min(-1) with the same dose of salbutamol via pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) plus spacer. This was a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study with double-dummy technique. Twenty-one paediatric and adult asthmatic patients completed the study, which was conducted over 2 study days. The main outcome parameter was forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). The patients were trained to generate a low peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) of 30 l min(-1), and the actual PIFR through Easyhaler was recorded. The average PIFR through Easyhaler was 28.7 l min(-1). The difference in the maximum value of FEV1 (FEV1max) between the treatments after drug inhalation was 0.01 l. The mean of FEV1max was 2.67 l after pMDI plus spacer compared to 2.69 l after Easyhaler. Improvements in FEV1 were clinically significant. No significant differences between treatments were found. A reasonably low inspiratory flow rate through Easyhaler produces an equivalent improvement in lung function to a correctly used pMDI plus spacer. Hence, Easyhaler can be used with confidence in patients who may have difficulty in generating a high inspiratory flow rate, such as children and the elderly.