Efficacy of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops in treating dry eye disease and inflammation

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops on patients with dry eye disease (DED) with inflammation as measured by raised tear matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9).Methods:This prospective study included 106 eyes of 53 patients diagnosed with DED based on any of the following DED criteria (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] score >12, tear film breakup time [TBUT] <10 s, Schirmer’s I test result <10 mm/5 min, ocular surface staining). Ocular surface inflammation was assessed by assessing MMP-9 positivity from tears of the patients in the study (Inflammadry kit Quidel corporation). Patients were prescribed osmoprotective lubricating eye drops (Osmodrops, Cipla Ltd) four times a day and cyclosporine A 0.05% eye drops (Imudrops, Cipla Ltd) twice a day for 6 months. Efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by OSDI scores, Schirmer’s test, TBUT change, reduction in ocular surface staining, and reduction in MMP-9 levels after 6 months of usage. Check P value and add from resultsResults:After 6 months of topical therapy, improvement was observed in OSDI scores (mean pretreatment: 25.7 ± 12.8, and mean posttreatment: 15.2 ± 8.4), P < 0.001. There was also reduction number of patients who were MMP-9 positive. Out of 75 eyes that tested MMP-9 positive, 70.66% showed reduction in MMP-9 levels P < 0.0001). Ocular surface staining also improved.Conclusion:Topical osmoprotective lubricating eye drops and cyclosporine A 0.05% reduce inflammation in cases of DED, which correlates with improvement in OSDI scores, ocular surface staining, and reduction in inflammation as measured by levels of tear MMP-9.     

Experimental Investigations on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Kevlar and Natural Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites through an RSM–GRA Hybrid Approach

The present work aimed to investigate the dry sliding wear behaviors of hybrid polymer matrix composites made up of Kevlar, bamboo, palm, and Aloe vera as reinforcement materials of varying stacking sequences, along with epoxy as the matrix material. Three combinations of composite laminates with different stacking sequences such as AB, BC, and CA were fabricated by a vacuum-assisted compression molding process. The influence of composite laminates fabricated through various stacking sequences and dry sliding wear test variables such as load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity on the specific wear rate and co-efficient of friction were investigated. Experiments were designed and statistical validation was performed through response surface methodology-based D-optimal design and analysis of variance. The optimization was performed using grey relational analysis (GRA) to identify the optimal parameters to enhance the wear resistance of hybrid polymer composites under dry sliding conditions. The optimal parameters, such as composite combinations of CA, a load of 5 N, a sliding velocity of 3 m/s, and a sliding distance of 1500 m, were obtained. Furthermore, the morphologies of worn-out surfaces were investigated using SEM analysis.     

利胆冲剂对胆汁成石趋势的影响

目的 观察利胆冲剂对胆汁成石趋势的影响. 方法 60例患者随机分成利胆冲剂组、胆酸钠组和对照组,每组20例.测定服用利胆冲剂前后四项胆汁成石趋势指标:LI,UCB%,BSI和Z值. 结果 患者服用利胆冲剂前的LI,UCB%,BSI和Z值分别为1.298±0.265,34.72±2.96,0.353±0.093和0.556±0.499;而服用利胆冲剂2周后的LI,UCB%,BSI和Z值分别为0.926±0.208,8.93±1.19,0.154±0.056和0.257±0.211,均显著低于服药前.胆酸钠组和对照组服药前后各项指标无明显差异. 结论 利胆冲剂能有效降低胆汁的成石趋势.     

白子菜鲜、干品寒凉药性差异的动物实验研究

目的 探讨白子菜鲜、干品寒凉药性的程度差异.方法 通过观察小鼠的一般情况变化,记录小鼠在高、低温区的停留比例,检测小鼠肝组织SDH、Na+/K+-ATP酶活性及下丘脑瞬时感受器电位离子通道蛋白含量.结果 动物实验结束后,与体盛组比较,体盛+白子菜鲜、干品组小鼠肛温降低,在高温区停留比例升高,肝组织SDH、Na+/K+-...     

Sol-Gel-Derived Fibers Based on Amorphous α-Hydroxy-Carboxylate-Modified Titanium(IV) Oxide as a 3-Dimensional Scaffold

The development of novel fibrous biomaterials and further processing of medical devices is still challenging. For instance, titanium(IV) oxide is a well-established biocompatible material, and the synthesis of TiO_x particles and coatings via the sol-gel process has frequently been published. However, synthesis protocols of sol-gel-derived TiO_x fibers are hardly known. In this publication, the authors present a synthesis and fabrication of purely sol-gel-derived TiO_x fiber fleeces starting from the liquid sol-gel precursor titanium ethylate (TEOT). Here, the α-hydroxy-carboxylic acid lactic acid (LA) was used as a chelating ligand to reduce the reactivity towards hydrolysis of TEOT enabling a spinnable sol. The resulting fibers were processed into a non-woven fleece, characterized with FTIR, ¹³C-MAS-NMR, XRD, and screened with regard to their stability in physiological solution. They revealed an unexpected dependency between the LA content and the dissolution behavior. Finally, in vitro cell culture experiments proved their potential suitability as an open-mesh structured scaffold material, even for challenging applications such as therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs).     

从燥、虚、瘀论治干燥综合征探要

对从燥、虚、瘀论治干燥综合征进行综述。宜运用润燥、祛瘀、补虚之法给予对证治疗。指出:要在辨证的基础上加用辨病,强调针对性,在疾病发生发展的不同分期给予不同的方药,达到满意的疗效,发挥中医药治疗本病的优势。     

干湿化学法对乳糜状态标本部分生化指标检测结果的影响

目的比较干、湿化学法对乳糜状态标本部分生化指标检测结果的影响。方法收集50例乳糜样标本,分别用日立7180和VITROS 350对丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(Cr)、总蛋白(TP)五项指标进行检测。结果 GLU、Cr、TP用两种方法测定结果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而ALT、AST结果比较,两种方法间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但二者结果具有良好的相关关系。结论定期对不同生化分析仪的测定结果进行比对和校准,是保证检验结果准确性的一种可靠方法。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后干眼症的临床分析

[目的]观察和探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)与干眼症的相关因素.[方法]对59例(118只眼)近视患者行LASIK,观察术前、术后1周、1个月和3个月的干眼症症状、角膜荧光素染色、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)和泪液分泌试验的变化.[结果]①术后1个月,3个月症状的自我评分与术前比无明显差异(均P＞0.05);②术后3个月角膜荧光素染色结果与术前比无明显差异(P＞0.05);③术后1周、1个月、3个月BUT较术前明显缩短,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);④术后1周、1个月、3个月泪液分泌试验与术前相比明显缩短,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]①干眼症是LASIK术后普遍存在的并发症之一.②术后角膜荧光素染色、BUT、泪液分泌试验等的检查可出现异常的改变,其发生机制与患者自身情况、手术方法、手术操作及术后用药等多种因素有关.③LASIK术后干眼症最终可随着时间推移而逐渐缓解或痊愈.     

Medications That Cause Dry Mouth As an Adverse Effect in Older People: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

Objectives

To assess and quantify the risk of drug‐induced dry mouth as a side effect in older people.

Design

Systematic review and metaanalysis.

Setting

A search of the literature was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PubMed from 1990 to 2016.

Participants

Older people (aged ≥60) who participated in intervention or observational studies investigating drug use as an exposure and xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction as adverse drug outcomes.

Measurements

Two pairs of authors screened titles and abstracts of studies for relevance. Two authors independently extracted data, including study characteristics, definitions of exposure and outcome, and methodological quality. For the metaanalyses, random‐effects models were used for pooling the data and I² statistics for exploring heterogeneity.

Results

Of 1,544 potentially relevant studies, 52 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the final review and 26 in metaanalyses. The majority of studies were of moderate methodological quality. In the intervention studies, urological medications (odds ratio (OR) = 5.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.04–8.63; I² = 62%), antidepressants (OR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.69–8.32, I² = 21%), and psycholeptics (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.79–3.95, I² = 0%) were significantly associated with dry mouth. In the observational studies, numbers of medications and several medication classes were significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction.

Conclusion

Medication use was significantly associated with xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in older adults. The risk of dry mouth was greatest for drugs used for urinary incontinence. Future research should develop a risk score for medication‐induced dry mouth to assist with prescribing and medication management.