静脉输液加药后的微粒变化

本文对我院急诊病人常用的供静脉给药的22种药物、42组配伍情况,制成静脉加药输液,在超净工作台条件下,用KF—4型微粒计数器,测定了168次微粒数,结果显示输液加药后微粒虽有增加,但均在药典规定范围内。输液中加1种、2种、3种药物后所产生的微粒数分别为x_1=5.52(n_1=16);x_2=8.17(n_2=18)、x_3=10.25(n_3=8),经统计处理,三组间无显著差异(P<0.05)。本文对产生微粒的药物、注射器、操作环境等因素进行了分析。     

TAD方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞白血病疗效的评价

采用 TAD 方案治疗急性非淋巴细胞性白血病(ANLL)12例,年龄17～47岁。总有效率为66.7%,完全缓解率(CR)为41.7%。5例获 CR 的时间是26～66天,平均53天,较国内其它方案为快。CR 时间为2～9月,平均6.2月,较其它方案又较短。TAD 方案对心脏的毒性作用轻微。TAD 方案对5例获 CR 者,于诱导治疗第一疗程后,除1例外,骨髓中白血病细胞百分比下降均不明显;但于第二疗程后,白血病细胞全部减少到骨髓有核细胞总数的20%/以下,这种现象似可作为本方案预后的观察指标。     

乳腺积乳囊肿的诊断与治疗

本文报告乳腺积乳囊肿43例。讨论了发病原因及病理,特别提出局部肿块波动感试验阳性,A超检查显示液平段,试穿抽出乳汁,对诊断有肯定价值;治疗以手术切除为主,仅有7例穿刺抽吸乳汁得以治愈。     

Conditional estimation of sensitivity and specificity from a phase 2 biomarker study allowing early termination for futility

Development of a disease screening biomarker involves several phases. In phase 2 its sensitivity and specificity is compared with established thresholds for minimally acceptable performance. Since we anticipate that most candidate markers will not prove to be useful and availability of specimens and funding is limited, early termination of a study is appropriate, if accumulating data indicate that the marker is inadequate. Yet, for markers that complete phase 2, we seek estimates of sensitivity and specificity to proceed with the design of subsequent phase 3 studies. We suggest early stopping criteria and estimation procedures that adjust for bias caused by the early termination option. An important aspect of our approach is to focus on properties of estimates conditional on reaching full study enrollment. We propose the conditional‐UMVUE and contrast it with other estimates, including naïve estimators, the well‐studied unconditional‐UMVUE and the mean and median Whitehead‐adjusted estimators. The conditional‐UMVUE appears to be a very good choice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中美中学生对由父母原因引起的考试焦虑认知研究

目的：比较中国和美国的中学生对由父母原因引起的考试焦虑的认知情况。方法：采用“失败结果预期（FOE）”问卷中的由父母原因引起的考试焦虑12项，测量中美两国公立学校14、15岁的1215名中学生对考试焦虑原因的认知。结果：1．相似认知：两国学生在由父母原因引起的考试焦虑方面有类似的认知，包括父母会担心自己能否进入高一级学校、会让父母烦恼等。2．跨文化的差异：表现为中国学生更多是因为父母责备、辜负了父母期望或会让父母生气而导致考试焦虑；而美国学生更多是由于父母认为他们不能面对生活中的挑战而产生焦虑。3．性别差异：表现在美国的女中学生在7个项目上、中国的男中学生在2个项目上分别比本国异性有更大程度的焦虑（P〈0．05）。结论：中美中学生对由父母原因引起的考试焦虑方面有类似的认知，但存在文化差异和性别差异。     

A case of acute hepatitis E associated with multidrug hypersensitivity and cytomegalovirus reactivation

A 65-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized because of acute hepatitis and severe cholestasis due to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection combined with a drug reaction to a cold preparation. He died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe intestinal bleeding due to systemic cytomegalovirus reactivation following the development of severe eruptions with marked eosinophilia due to drug hypersensitivity to taurine and ursodeoxycholate preparations. The close interaction between viral infection or reactivation and drug hypersensitivity was considered as a pathophysiology in this case, which emphasizes the need for further study of the immunological mechanism of the interaction.     

Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos in sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritant contact dermatitis

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos (PoCo) on experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in a repeated sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) irritation model. METHODS: The anti-irritative effect of PoCo was evaluated with a visual score and quantified by non-invasive bioengineering methods, namely chromametry and transepidermal water loss. Three concentrations of PoCo in base cream DAC (amphiphilic emollient; German pharmacopoeia) were tested in a 4-day repetitive irritation test using SLS. RESULTS: A statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity was observed for PoCo by all three methods when applied in parallel to the induction period of ICD. Application of PoCo after induction of ICD once a day for 5 days, starting just at the end of 4 days, was without any effect. CONCLUSION: An anti-inflammatory efficacy of PoCo on the elicitation phase of the ICD induced by repeated SLS test could be observed and quantified by three independent, non-invasive biophysical assessment parameters. This effect can be explained by its influence on pro-inflammatory enzymes, namely phospholipase A2.