放射性脑损伤和脑肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断

放射性脑损伤是放射治疗的严重的并发症,其与脑肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断非常困难,目前主要依靠影像学诊断,核磁共振弥散加权像、磁共振波谱、正电子发射型计算机体层显像、单光子发射计算机体层显像等被认为对于鉴别诊断有一定的帮助,但其敏感性和特异性还有待于进一步研究。最终确诊依赖标本的组织学检查。     

C4d in Acute Rejection After Liver Transplantation—A Valuable Tool in Differential Diagnosis to Hepatitis C Recurrence

Hepatitis C is the most common indication for liver transplantation. Recurrence of HCV is universal leading to graft failure in up to 40% of all patients. The differentiation between acute rejection and recurrent hepatitis C is crucial as rejection treatments are likely to aggravate HCV recurrence. Histological examination of liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of acute rejection but has failed in the past to distinguish between acute rejection and recurrent hepatitis C. We have recently reported that C4d as a marker of the activated complement cascade is detectable in hepatic specimen in acute rejection after liver transplantation. In this study, we investigate whether C4d may serve as a specific marker for differential diagnosis in hepatitis C reinfection cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of 97 patients was performed. A total of 67.7% of patients with acute cellular rejection displayed C4d-positive staining in liver biopsy whereas 11.8% of patients with hepatitis C reinfection tested positive for C4d. In the control group, 6.9% showed C4d positivity. For the first time we were able to clearly demonstrate that humoral components, represented by C4d deposition, play a role in acute cellular rejection after LTX. Consequently C4d may be helpful to distinguish between acute rejection and reinfection after LTX for HCV.     

不同营养支持方式对肠外瘘患者人体组成改善作用之比较

目的观察不同营养支持方式对肠外瘘患者人体组成的改善作用。方法30例肠外瘘患者分成两组各15例,分别给予全肠外营养支持(TPN)或全肠内营养支持(TEN),观察10d前后患者人体组成及血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的变化。结果10d后所有患者的体重指数(BMI)与体细胞群(BCM)显著改善,而TEN组患者10d前后BCM增加幅度更明显,分别为(27.5±0.8)kg和(29.0±0.6)kg,Day10与Day0相比,P<0.01。两组患者总体水(TBW)与细胞内水(ICW)均增加,尤其ICW,Day10与Day0相比,TEN组P<0.01;TPN组P<0.05。血清IGF-1在两组患者治疗后均有显著上升,TEN组增加幅度更明显,Day0为(175.0±32.9)ng/ml,Day10为(255.5±34.1)ng/ml,与Day0比较,P<0.01;与TPN组比较,P<0.05。IGF-1的变化与BCM的改善显著正相关(r2=0.16,P<0.05)。结论营养支持治疗能显著改善肠外瘘患者的体细胞群,纠正细胞内、外水的异常分布,而EN作用更明显。     

西宁地区幼儿园儿童的膳食调查报告

本文对西宁地区幼儿园儿童进行了膳食调查。了解该人群的营养素摄入情况以及热能、蛋白质、脂肪来源分布和三大营养素供热比。同时提出所存在问题。     

Body composition in the elderly: Total body water and anthropometry

Body composition measured with isotopic dilution was compared with anthropometric measurements. The study was carried out in 47 subjects from both sexes, 65 to 92 years old. Total body water (TBW), anthropometric measurements, and dynamometry were assessed. TBW was significatively higher in men than women and decreased with age. Dynamometry and fatfree mass were well correlated (r=0.73 in males and r=0.58 in females) and significantly different between sexes. A negative correlation was found for dynamometry with age, being significant for women. Linear regression equations to predict TBW from anthropometric measurements in males and females were obtained: Males: TBW(I)=19.349+0.617 weight(kg) — 0.931 mid-arm circumference(cm)+0.122 dynamometry (kg) Females: TBW(l)=−5.531+0.343 weight(kg)-0.213 triceps skinfold (mm)+ 0.148 dynamometry(kg) + 3.424 wrist diameter (cm). This simple model is proposed for use in epidemiological and field studies where other more sophisticated methods can not be applied.     

赤鳞鱼脂肪酸组分分析及营养价值的初步评定

赤鳞鱼脂肪酸组分分析及营养价值的初步评定李全阳，岳永生，张庆朝（山东农业大学牧医系，泰安２７１０１８）ＦａｔｔｙＡｃｉｄｓＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄＮｕｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＣｈｉ一ＬｉｎＦｉｓｈ￥ＬｉＱｕａｎｙａｎｇ；Ｙｕ...     

Assessment of body composition in the prader-willi syndrome using bioelectrical impedance

The accurate assessment of body composition is of importance in the Prader-Willi syndrome. Many techniques are not applicable due to ethical or practical reasons. However, the bioelectrical impedance technique is a rapid, painless, noninvasive method of estimating total body water and hence, fat-free mass in obese children and adolescents. We have compared estimates of total body water derived from bioelectrical impedance with actual measurements taken, using H₂¹⁸O dilution, in 14 children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Existing equations for predicting total body water from impedance showed a bias to underestimate actual measures of body water. There were positive correlations between the degree of underestimation with age and body fatness. It is possible that changes in body shapes influence bioelectrical impedance measurements in obese individuals, and that a prediction equation based upon a normal population will not be applicable to obese individuals. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Varicelliform Eruption over the Entire Skin

A boy with skin eruptions resembling varicella and specific for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is reported. At his initial visit when he was four months old, vesiculopustular lesions were present over the entire body; these had first appeared on the third day post partus. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopical examination confirmed the Langerhans cell phenotype and Birbeck granules in the responsible cells. He also had hydronephrosis, recurrent fever, and cutaneous bacterial infections. His parents refused further medical treatment and he died of diarrhea with cachexia about two years later. LCH may present diagnostic difficulties by manifesting as a skin eruption which resembles varicella.     

胆囊小隆起性病变的诊断及治疗

报告37例胆囊小隆起性病变，其中良性颈变34例，胆囊癌3例。结果：本组23例有临床症状，多表现为反复发作的右上腹疼痛或不适；病灶部位，大小，多少，有无合并胆石及病变性质与临床症状有关；B-us,OCG,CT的诊断符合率例如辚33／37，9／24和5／10（x^2=18.75,P<0.005)。认为对胆囊小隆起性病变的病灶≥10mm，有增大趋势，呈恶性图像，合并胆石或血清CEA升高的病例应及早手术治疗。     

三种虾蛄肌肉营养成分分析及评价

虾蛄俗称“虾爬子”,“螳螂虾”,“琵琶虾”、“小龙虾”等 ,隶属节肢动物门 ,甲壳纲 ,口足目 ,虾蛄科的经济海产动物 ,主要生活在近海浅滩泥质海底巢穴中 ,全国各地的沿海都有分布。近年来随着人们膳食结构的转变 ,虾蛄是深受人们喜爱的佳肴 ,也是出口创汇的水产品之一。对虾蛄 ,国内外均有研究 [1～ 6 ]。但对营养成分分析报道较少[7,8] 。本研究分别对三种虾蛄的基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成和含量进行比较研究 ,为虾蛄的人工养殖和综合利用提供基础数据。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　材料　　实验所用口虾蛄 ( Oratosquilla ora…