Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are required for the development of insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice

An early step in the development of autoimmune diabetes is lymphocyte infiltration into the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, or insulitis. The infiltrate contains both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and both are required for progression to diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. It has been thought that the CD4⁺ lymphocytes are the initiators of the disease, the islet invaders, while CD8⁺ cells are the effectors, the islet destroyers. We question this interpretation because NOD mice lacking MHC class I molecules, hence CD8⁺ T cells, do not display even insulitis when expected.     

Growth hormone effect on accumulation of arterial basement membrane-like material studied on rabbit aortic myomedial cell cultures

Summary The effect of human growth hormone on arterial basement membrane-like (BM) material was studied. BM-like material was obtained from the cell layer of cultured aortic myomedial cells using a sonication-differential centrifugation technique. After the addition of small amounts of growth hormone (1 ng/ml) to the cultures, we observed a 26% increased incorporation of amino acids into BM-like material (2p<0.005). However, further increase in the incorporation was not observed using either 3 ng or 10 ng growth hormone per ml. Growth hormone inhibited removal/degradation of BM-like material by 16% (2p<0.01). However, pinocytosis rate and activity of major lysosomal enzymes: cathepsin D, acid phosphatase and -N-acetyl-glucosaminidase were unchanged. Incorporation of glycosaminoglycans as evaluated by [³⁵SO₄]-labelling was reduced by 8% when cells were exposed to growth hormone (2p<0.01). The present study demonstrates an effect of growth hormone on the turnover and composition of BM-like material in cultured arterial myomedial cells.     

Reconstruction of the foot and lower leg by a fasciocutaneous cross-leg flap after traumatic amputation and circumferential soft-tissue loss

Summary The use of a fasciocutaneous cross-leg flap in two cases to cover severe soft-tissue injuries with circumferential degloving of the lower leg and foot is presented. This was preceded by local treatment with topical agents and debridement, followed by application of a mesh skin graft. The functional and aesthetic defect of the donor site is minimal.     

中医药对糖尿病足溃疡相关细胞因子调控作用的研究进展

糖尿病足溃疡是糖尿病严重的破坏性并发症,致残率及致死率逐年增高,严重威胁人类身心健康。中医药治疗糖尿病足溃疡,注重辨证论治与整体观念相结合,不仅能改善中医证候,更能在加速创面愈合的同时减少创面的复发,一定程度上延缓了糖尿病足溃疡的进一步恶化,降低其致残率及致死率。现代研究发现,糖尿病足溃疡难以愈合与各种细胞因子如炎症因子、生长因子、趋化因子等分布异常密切相关;随着现代医学对中医药研究的不断深入,中药单体及复方调控细胞因子治疗糖尿病足溃疡已成为研究热点,该文通过对目前国内外研究现状进行归纳,得出以下总结：(1)芝麻酚、栀子苷、当归补血汤、紫朱软膏等调节肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-6、IL-10等炎症因子,抑制创面炎症。(2)白芷、丹酚酸B、四效散、壮药拔毒生肌膏等调节血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）、转化生长因子（TGF）、表皮生长因子（EGF）等生长因子,促进创面胶原沉积及血管新生。(3)芍药苷、隐丹参酮、蜂毒、回阳生肌汤等调节CXC趋化因子配体（CXCL）1、CXCL2、CC趋化因子配体（CCL）2、CCL3、基质细胞衍生...     

Range of motion of foot joints following total ankle replacement and subtalar fusion

BackgroundIn severe cases of ankle and subtalar arthritis, arthrodesis of the subtalar joint is performed in combination with ankle arthroplasty. In these special cases gait analysis reveals real motion at the replaced tibiotalar joint.MethodsTwenty-three patients affected by ankle and subtalar arthritis, treated either with a 3-component or a 2-component prosthesis in combination with subtalar arthrodesis, were clinically evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Gait analysis was performed postoperatively using a multi-segment foot protocol. Foot kinematics were compared to corresponding data from a healthy control group.ResultsClinical scores significantly improved from preoperative to follow-up. The clinically measured passive ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion significantly improved at the follow-up. Patients’ normalized walking speed and stride length were significantly lower than those in control. With exception of the ankle frontal-plane motion, sagittal-plane mobility of foot joints was about 50% than that in healthy joints.ConclusionsImprovement in clinical scores was found for both prostheses. Normal spatio-temporal parameters were not restored. In these patients, fusion of the subtalar joint appeared to be compensated by larger frontal-plane motion at the tibiotalar joint.Level of evidenceLevel III- retrospective comparative study.The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee as protocol MAT (protocol registration at clinicaltrials.gov NCT03356951).     

足底板对类风湿性关节炎患者足底压的影响

目的 :测定类风湿性关节炎病人足底压 ,评价足底板的生物力学效应。方法 :12名女性类风湿性关节炎病人和 8名健康女性进行年龄和体重匹配。用 F- Scan系统进行动态足底压测量 ,Kistler床反力平台用以校正测量精确性。测量足底峰压和垂直分力 ,评价足底板的生物力学表现。结果 :类风湿性关节炎病人中足底压明显高于健康人。使用足底板后 ,足底总的峰压明显降低 ,前足、后足峰压减低 ,中足峰压增高。而垂直分力改变不大。结论 :足底板能显著降低足底压力 ,使足底压力重分布 ,减轻类风湿足痛。特殊设计的足底板对类风湿足痛的治疗能起重要的作用