Baclofen,a gamma-aminobutyric acid-b receptor agonist,delays diabetes onset in the non-obese diabetic mouse

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GAD has been identified as a 64-kDa antigen expressed in pancreatic beta-cells, to which autoantibodies are generated prior to the onset of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. GAD may therefore be an initiating factor in beta-cell destruction. We administered baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist, to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice in an attempt to down-regulate GAD expression and thereby reduce the incidence of diabetes. Twenty-four female NOD mice were given baclofen in their drinking water at a final dose of 50 mg/kg body weight daily from weaning to 30 weeks of age. Twentyfour sex-and litter-matched mice were used as controls. At 30 weeks there was no difference in the incidence of diabetes in the treated group compared with the controls. However, there was a significant delay in the onset of diabetes in the treated group (P<0.001, parallelism test). The degree of insulitis and the GAD activity in the pancreas per mg of protein were unchanged by baclofen treatment with respect to controls. These results suggest that baclofen may be effective in delaying diabetes onset in NOD mice by stimulating GABA activity, as this neurotransmitter, localised in the islets, may modulate insulin secretion and the antigen expression associated with it.     

足反射疗法对前列腺增生效果分析

目的　前列腺增生是男性中老年的常见病、多发病。单纯药物治疗效果不明显 ,手术治疗会给患者造成痛苦和不便。了解足反射疗法对此病的疗效。方法　对 90例前列腺增生患者进行了分组对比 ,A组 3 0例 ,采用足反射疗法。B组 3 0例 ,采用药物疗法。C组 3 0例 ,采用足反射疗法与口服药物双重治疗。三组均以B超声诊断仪测定。结果　治疗前与第一疗程后 ,前列腺三径之差进行比较。显效 :两次差≥ 1 5cm。有效二两次差≥ 1 0cm。结果 :A组显效率 3 6 60 % ,有效率 5 3 3 3 % ,总有效率 89 99%。B组 :显效率 3 3 3 %。有效率 10 % ,总有效率 13 3 3 %。C组 :显效率 5 6 66%、有效率 3 6 66% ,总有效率 93 3 2 %。结论　证实了足反射疗法可作为治疗前列腺增生及前列腺炎的首选方法。如与药物疗法配合使用 ,效果更好 ,并可解除有手术禁忌患者的痛苦。     

慢心律联合丹参治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效观察

目的 :为糖尿病周围神经病变探讨有效的治疗方法。方法 :选择 65例糖尿病周围神经病变患者 ,随机分为两组 ,一组为慢心律治疗组 ,另一组为慢心律联合丹参注射液治疗组 ,以临床表现改善客观指标及运动传导速度 (MCV)、感觉传导速度 (SCV)测定做为判定标准。结果 :两组经治疗 4wk后 ,慢心律组总有效率为76 7% ,慢心律联合丹参注射液组总有效率为 94 3 %。两组肌电图显示神经传导异常率均下降 ,而以慢心律联合丹参注射液组作用较强 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :慢心律联合丹参注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变更有效     

痉挛型脑瘫足部畸形手术治疗与康复

目的探讨手术结合康复医疗治疗痉挛型脑瘫足部畸形的方法和疗效。方法根据足部畸形类型选择手术方式,术后适时进行功能锻炼。随访１．５～５年。结果总计治疗５３例中,５１例获得满意疗效,２例较差,优良率９６％。结论绝大多数痉挛型脑瘫足部畸形需选择恰当的手术矫形,而术后康复训练是提高整体疗效的关键     

Diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-macular traction: evaluation by optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Aim: To evaluate the role and efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-retinal traction. Methods: 12 patients affected by diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-retinal traction were examined using biomicroscopy with a three-mirror contact lens, fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT scanning in order to identify the presence of a vitreomacular traction. Results: OCT revealed two patterns of maculopathy which were characterised by a thickening of the superior profile of the OCT tomogram or by the disappearance and inversion of the physiologic foveal depression respectively. Conclusions: OCT may be useful in the characterisation and monitoring of diabetic maculopathy induced by vitreo-retinal traction. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interactions between essential fatty acid,prostanoid, polyol pathway and nitric oxide mechanisms in the neurovascular deficit of diabetic rats

Summary Impaired -6 essential fatty acid metabolism and exaggerated polyol pathway flux contribute to the neurovascular abnormalities in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The potential interactions between these mechanisms were examined by comparing the effects of threshold doses of aldose reductase inhibitors and evening primrose oil, alone and in combination, on neurovascular deficits. In addition, highdose aldose reductase inhibitor and evening primrose oil treatment effects were challenged by co-treatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen, or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N^G-nitro-l-arginine. Eight weeks of diabetes caused an 18.9% reduction in sciatic motor conduction velocity (p<0.001). This was only modestly ameliorated by a 0.1% dietary supplement of evening primrose oil or the aldose reductase inhibitors ZD5522 (0.25 mg · kg^–1 · day^–1) and WAY121509 (0.2 mg · kg^–1· day^–1) for the final 2 weeks. However, joint treatment with primrose oil and ZD5522 or WAY121509 caused marked 71.5 and 82.4% corrections, respectively, of the conduction deficit. Sciatic nutritive blood flow was 43.1% reduced by diabetes (p<0.001) and this was corrected by 67.8% with joint ZD5522 and primrose oil treatment (p<0.001). High-dose WAY121509 (10 mg · kg^–1 · day^–1) and primrose oil (10% dietary supplement) prevented sciatic conduction velocity and nutritive blood flow deficits in 1-month diabetic rats (p<0.001). However, these effects were abolished by flurbiprofen (5 mg · kg^–1 · day^–1) and N^G-nitro-l-arginine (10 mg · kg^–1 · day^–1) co-treatment (p<0.001). Thus, the data provide evidence for synergistic interactions between polyol pathway/nitric oxide and essential fatty acid/cyclo-oxygenase systems in the control of neurovascular function in diabetic rats, from which a potential therapeutic advantage could be derived.Abbreviations ARI Aldose reductase inhibitor - EPO evening primrose oil - NCV nerve conduction velocity - NO nitric oxide - NOLA N^G-nitro-l-arginine     

Diabetic foods and the diabetic diet: A British Diabetic Association Discussion Paper

The role of special ‘Diabetic’ foods in the diabetic diet is considered and the following conclusions are drawn.

• 1 Most diabetic foods provide slightly, but not substantially, less energy than comparable non-diabetic products.
• 2 Many diabetic foods have a higher fat content than their non-diabetic equivalents. This is contrary to the requirements of the 1984 Food Labelling Regulations.
• 3 Many diabetic products have a relatively high content of protein.
• 4 In percentage terms, the greatest difference between diabetic and non-diabetic foods remains that of carbohydrate content, particularly carbohydrate other than fructose or sorbitol. On a per portion basis (for instance per teaspoon of jam) the difference is relatively small and likely to be of minimal practical significance.
• 5 Diabetic foods cost between 1.5 and 4 times as much as their non-diabetic equivalents.
• 6 Some ordinary reduced-sugar/low-calorie products are preferable to diabetic products in terms of fat and energy content and cost.
• 7 The promotion and widespread availability of diabetic foods tend to delude patients into believing that these products are advantageous, or even necessary. Their existence also undermines current dietary teaching by implying that diabetics cannot eat normal foods.
• 8 Diabetic foods offer no significant physiological or psychological benefits to diabetic patients and can even be counterproductive to good diabetic control. There is no longer a need for special diabetic foods in the modern dietary management of diabetes.

     

肾虚型糖尿病肾病与Ⅰ型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因多态性相关性研究

目的:探讨Ⅰ型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体(AGT1R)基因多态性与肾虚型糖尿病肾病的关系。方法:将240例2型糖尿病分为糠尿病肾病(DN)组和非DN组,进一步分为肾阳虚证、肾阴虚证及非肾虚证,用PCR-RFLP方法检测AGT1R基因型。结果:2组肾阳虚、肾阴虚型AGT1R-A1166C的AC型频率和C等位基因的携带率明显高于非肾虚型,非DN组非肾虚型AC型占3.4%,而DN组肾阳虚型为8.4%、肾阴虚型为10.8%(均P<0.05);非DN组非肾虚型C等位基因占1.7%,而DN组肾阳虚型为4.2%、肾阴虚型为5.4%(均P<0.05);但肾阳虚型与肾阴虚型间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:A1166-C多态与肾虚型DN的发生显著相关,提示AGT1R基因的不同基因型与等位基因可能是DN患者肾虚证的物质基础。     

中医药治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的临床与实验研究近况

综述了近年来中医药治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的研究状况及有待解决的问题。     

糖尿病患者急性视神经病变的综合治疗

目的 探讨中西医结合治疗糖尿病患者急性视神经病变的方法。方法 在接受治疗的患者中应用了醒脑静注射液、川芎嗪注射液或复方丹参注射液静脉静脉滴注治疗；并用了内服自拟中药方和眼部电控地塞米松离子导入疗法。观察了治疗前后的视力、眼底、视觉诱发电位、荧光素眼底血管造影和视野方面的变化。结果 接受治疗的患者共有ll例(20只眼)，治愈10例(17只眼)；好转2例(3只眼)。结论 中西医综合方法治疗糖尿病患者急性视神经病变具有缩短疗程、皮质类固醇用量少及未发现全身不良反应等优点。