基于成果导向教育理念的信息化教学设计策略研究

在教育信息化的推动下,课堂教学改革在不断地深化。文章从成果导向教育理念的内涵和实施原则出发,构建了基于成果导向教育理念的信息化教学设计框架,并重点从定义、实施、评价三个阶段所包含的九个方面深入剖析了信息化教学设计的策略要点,以期为成果导向教育理念在课堂教学中落地提供一定的借鉴。     

布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞不同给药方式对瘢痕子宫剖宫产术产妇麻醉的效果分析

目的探究布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞不同给药方式对瘢痕子宫剖宫产术产妇麻醉的效果。方法选取2018年1月至2020年2月于本院行剖宫产术分娩的瘢痕子宫产妇102例,根据给药方式的不同分为对照组和观察组,各51例,两组均行布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉。对照组实施单项注射,观察组实施双向注射,比较两组手术不同时间段血流动力学指标、手术指标、新生儿娩出后的Apgar评分及麻醉不良反应发生率。结果麻醉前、麻醉后即刻、麻醉后5 min、麻醉后15 min、手术结束,两组HR、MAP、SpO;比较差异无统计学意义;观察组手术时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术中出血量、平均补液量、新生儿娩出后的Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义;观察组不良反应发生率为3.92%,低于对照组的19.61%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与单向注射相比,瘢痕子宫产妇实施剖宫产术分娩时行双向注射给药麻醉效果更佳,不良反应更少,手术效果更好,值得临床推广应用。     

乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型的初步构建

目的: 探索建立数字化参考牙冠模型的设计流程,初步构建乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型,为乳牙标准牙冠模型的建立奠定基础,为计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造(computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture,CAD/CAM)技术在儿童口腔医学中的相关应用提供参考和依据。方法: 在北京市海淀区多所幼儿园中选取全口健康无龋、年龄4~5岁的儿童作为研究对象。对儿童取上下颌牙列印模后制取石膏牙颌模型,通过三维牙颌模型扫描仪重建数字化牙颌模型。利用三维逆向工程软件Geomagic Studio 2013提取全口乳牙所有牙位的单个牙冠数据,测量其近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径,再按照缩放比例因子,对每一牙位的牙冠进行牙冠标准化处理,基于3~5个牙冠特征点进行对齐,最后通过平均值拟合的方法构建出乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型。结果: 共纳入40名儿童,其中男14名,女26名,均为汉族。获取到40副上下颌牙列石膏模型,在重建数字化牙颌模型后,通过逆向工程技术,测量获得乳牙牙冠近远中径、颊舌径和龈牙合径相关数据,并成功构建全口20颗乳牙的数字化参考牙冠模型,能够反映乳牙牙冠特征形貌。结论: 通过逆向工程技术构建乳牙数字化参考牙冠模型,为乳牙标准牙冠模型的建立提供了参考,对临床、科研和教学等具有应用价值,有助于CAD/CAM技术在儿童口腔医学领域的应用。     

姿势微笑位口唇对称参考平面的数字化构建及初步应用验证

目的: 探索数字化技术构建姿势微笑(posed smile)位口唇对称参考平面(symmetry reference plane, SRP)的方法,实现姿势微笑位口唇SRP的自动化构建,并评价其初步应用效果。方法: 收集18名研究对象的三维面部和牙列数据,基于赋权普氏分析(weighted Procrustes analysis,WPA)算法和区域迭代最近点(iterative closest point,ICP)算法,分别构建每位受试者WPA算法和初学者ICP算法的姿势微笑位口唇SRP作为实验组,以专家定义的“真值平面(truth plane,TP)”作为对照组,比较WPA算法和初学者ICP算法确定的SRP与TP间的角度差异。将姿势微笑位下WPA算法自动获得的口唇SRP应用于前牙美学修复的数字化设计,进行临床初步应用评价。结果: 18名受试者姿势微笑位下WPA算法建立的口唇SRP与TP角度差异为1.78°±1.24°,初学者ICP算法建立的口唇SRP与TP角度差异为7.41°±4.31°,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在前牙美学设计时,参照姿势微笑位下WPA算法自动获得的口唇SRP进行前牙修复体美学设计,受试者评分为(8.48±0.57)分;常规数字化方案按照原有牙列对称平面进行修复体设计,受试者评分为(5.20±1.31)分,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论: WPA算法自动构建的姿势微笑位口唇SRP较初学者ICP算法更准确,与“真值平面”非常相近,可以为口腔美学分析和设计提供重要参考,参照WPA算法自动构建的口唇SRP进行前牙修复体设计,能有效促进医患交流,提高患者对修复效果的满意度。     

“十四五”期间高校图书馆特色学习空间建设

调研“十四五”期间国内42所高校和加拿大15所高校图书馆的特色学习空间建设现状,对比分析国内外高校图书馆学习空间差异,并为我国高校图书馆特色学习空间建设提供发展思路,提出了建设特色化学习空间、深化空间服务内容、强化空间服务团队建设、建立完善的学习空间预约制度等特色学习空间建设途径。     

The effect of partial deltoid ligament injuries on the external rotation stability: A cadaveric study

BackgroundThe anterior and posterior part of the deltoid ligament have different functions during ankle flexion motion. Partial ligament injuries have been demonstrated in previous clinical reports. However, the efficacy of external rotation stress test in partial injured cases is unavailable till now.MethodsThirty-two fresh cadaveric specimens were included and allocated into two destabilization groups. In the first group, the anterior portion of deltoid ligament (DL) and syndesmotic ligament were sequentially severed, while in the second group, the posterior portion of DL and syndesmotic ligament were sequentially severed. Mortise view radiographs were taken after each destabilization stage when the ankles were placed at plantarflexion and dorsiflexion positions and stressed in standard external rotation force. The medial clear space (MCS) and talar tilt (TT) angle were measured and compared among different destabilization stages.ResultsWhen the ankles were placed at neutral position, the TT significantly increased in all destabilization stages. The MCS significantly increased after the partial deltoid ligament ruptures only with presence of syndesmotic ligament injuries. There was no significant difference of MCS at plantarflexion for all stages of destabilization if the anterior portion of DL is preserved. Similarly, no significant increase of MCS was detected at dorsiflexion if the posterior portion of DL and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament are intact.ConclusionPartial DL rupture causes ankle rotational instability at different ankle joint positions, especially when combined with syndesmotic injuries. The neutral position is recommended for diagnosis of partial DL ruptures under external rotation stress.     

适应性设计随机对照临床试验

近年来,适应性设计因其灵活性和高效率而在临床试验中得到了广泛的应用。在实践中,适应性设计可以为研究者提供第二次机会,在研究进行中调整试验设计。本文将重点从历史渊源、基本概念、设计类型、设计特点、案例解读、统计分析及报告规范等方面对适应性设计进行简要介绍。     

临床试验中的成组序贯设计

近年来,成组序贯设计因其可在期中分析时提前得出结论结束试验,具有更强的灵活性,已被广泛应用于临床试验中。本文将从背景、设计思路、与传统临床试验的比较、使用场景、案例解读、设计要点和报告规范等对该方法进行简单介绍。     

Long-Term (up to 38 Years) Failure Modes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Adult Patients Who Had Childhood Infection of Hip

BackgroundThe long-term failure modes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in adult patients who had childhood infection have not been documented. The purpose of this study is to analyze the longer term clinical and radiographic results, prevalence of osteolysis, and survival rate of THA.MethodsWe reviewed the results of 142 patients (145 hips) (mean age 41.9 years). The age of the patients at the time that the infection was contracted was an average of 7.1 years (range 1-11). The average interval between active infection and THA was 34.5 years. All but 2 hips (1 patient) had a quiescent period of infection of more than 10 years. The average duration of follow-up after THA was 31.5 years (range 25-38).ResultsAll but 2 hips with more than 10 years of quiescent infection had no recurrence of infection. The remaining 2 hips in the 1 patient with only 7 years of quiescent infection had a recurrence of infection. Seventy-eight of 145 hips (54%) underwent isolated cup revision for loosening, or osteolysis, or dislocation. Thirty (21%) femoral components were revised for aseptic loosening and/or osteolysis. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve at 31.5 years showed that the survival rate of the acetabular component was 46% (95% confidence interval 39-74) and that of the femoral component was 79% (95% confidence interval 73-89).ConclusionContributing factors to the high failure rate of THAs were less than optimal prostheses and poor quality of polyethylene during the time period of this study.