Clinical significance of human bone marrow stromal cell colonies in acute leukemias

Human bone marrow-derived fibroblastoid colony-forming cells (CFU-F) and adipocyte colonies in 36 patients with acute leukemia were studied, and were serially analysed at different clinical stages. At untreated stage, CFU-F number in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was lower than that in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANL). In ANLs, CFU-F number in M1 was lower than that in M2. Adipocyte colonies were frequently developed at regenerating and relapsing stages, but rarely at untreated and remission stages. The adipocyte colony formation did not correlate with any of CFU-F number, marrow cellularity nor number of leukemic cells, but might be associated with hemopoietic regeneration. The favorable prognosis was associated with normal CFU-F number and with adipocyte colony formation at regenerating or bottom stage. As adipocytes in marrow samples were completely removed before cultures, adipocyte colony was probably originated from preadipocytes. Thus, our results suggest that adipocyte precursor cells increase in regenerating marrow and that they are essential in active hemopoiesis.     

乳酸环丙沙星眼用即型凝胶的研制

目的 研制乳酸环丙沙星眼用即型凝胶。方法 以泊洛沙姆407为温敏型材料制备乳酸环丙沙星眼用即型凝胶,通过对胶凝温度的考察确定处方,考察了乳酸环丙沙星眼用即型凝胶的黏度,采用无膜溶出模型对药物的体外释放机制进行研究,对制剂的眼刺激性进行评价。结果 确定18%的泊洛沙姆407作为乳酸环丙沙星眼用即型凝胶的基质。药物的体外释放呈零级动力学特征,释放量取决于凝胶溶蚀量。该制剂对兔眼无刺激。结论     

经皮椎体成形术治疗15例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折体会

近年来,国内外文献报导经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折由于创伤小、效果好、并发症少而大量应用于临床。2009-2010年我们采用该手术治疗骨质疏松性骨折15例,疗效满意,现报告如下。     

淫羊藿醇提物调节M2样巨噬细胞极化减少乳腺癌细胞迁移和集落形成的研究

目的 探讨淫羊藿Epimedium brevicornu醇提物对体外巨噬细胞极化调控机制及对M2样巨噬细胞促进4T1细胞迁移和集落形成的影响。方法 采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度淫羊藿醇提物对骨髓来源巨噬细胞（bonemarrowderived macrophages,BMDM）活力的影响,确定淫羊藿醇提物的安全作用浓度;采用Western blotting和q RT-PCR检测淫羊藿醇提物对M2样巨噬细胞标志物精氨酸酶-1(arginase-1,Arg-1)和CD163表达的影响;采用q RT-PCR检测淫羊藿醇提物对M2-肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs）相关基因炎症区域1(found in inflammatory zone 1,Fizz1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,PPARγ)、几丁质酶3样分子3(chitinase 3-like 3,Ym1)、趋化因子24(C-C motif chemokine ligand 24,CCL24)、巨...     

基于Apriori算法的四物汤类方组方特点分析

目的:研究四物汤类方组方特点,探讨四物汤方中药物间的配伍关系。方法:采用"以药类方"的方法,从中医方剂数据库(源于《中医方剂大辞典》)中检索得到含有当归、地黄、川芎、白芍其中任意3味药物的方剂5842首,建立数据库,采用Apriori算法,研究类方中药物间配伍关系。结果:从支持度来看,当归对白芍、地黄、川芎均为强支持;地黄对白芍、川芎,川芎对白芍,白芍对地黄为较强支持。药物对全方的影响:当归>地黄>白芍>川芎;药对对全方的影响:当归-地黄>当归-白芍>当归-川芎>地黄-川芎>地黄-白芍>川芎-白芍。结论:作为四物汤类方核心的当归、地黄、川芎、白芍4味药中,当归与其它药物的联系最为紧密,表现为四物汤类方的中心环节;当归-地黄药对则为方中的中心药对。     

国产rhG-CSF预防乳腺癌化疗后中性粒细胞减少症的应用策略

目的:探讨国产重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)预防乳腺癌术后辅助化疗后中性粒细胞减少症的应用策略。方法:选择乳腺癌术后辅助化疗、第1个周期中曾出现4度中性粒细胞减少者32例,化疗方案为AC、FEC100和EC方案。采用3种预防应用rhG-CSF的方法:皮下注射300μg/d,方法1为化疗后第2~15天注射;方法2为第3~10天注射;方法3为第6~13天注射。32例患者随机分成两组,分别为1~3比较组和2~3比较组,在化疗的第2、3个周期采用自身交叉对照法进行比较。结果:方法1的中性粒细胞绝对数(ANC)化疗后无明显下降,在第16~18天时出现高峰。方法2的ANC化疗后出现短暂上升,第10~12天最高,之后下降较明显。方法3的ANC变化较平稳,无明显下降也无明显高峰;方法1和方法3的平均ANC最低值、ANC<2·0×109L-1持续天数及ANC减少症发生率均相似,方法2的平均ANC最低值明显低于方法3,P=0·033;方法1的骨骼肌肉疼痛和注射局部硬结的发生率明显高于方法3,P=0·023和0·029。结论:3种方法总体上均显示了预防化疗后ANC减少的作用,方法3疗效好且不增加不良反应发生率,相对于其他两种方法而言,是一种更好的预防用药策略。     

Minimizing the Forces in the Single Point Incremental Forming Process of Polymeric Materials Using Taguchi Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance

The aim of the present paper is that of conducting a study on the basis of which the optimal parameters for the manufacturing of polymer parts by means of the single point incremental forming process can be chosen in such a way that the process forces have minimum values. Two polymeric materials with a 3 mm thickness, polyamide and polyethylene, were chosen for the analysis. The other input parameters that were considered were: the punch diameter, the step on vertical direction and the wall angle. The Taguchi method was chosen for the design of experiments. Each of the input parameters, except for the material, were varied on three levels—for the punch diameter: 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm; for the step on vertical direction: 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm and 1 mm; and for the wall angle: 50°, 55° and 60°. Forces were measured in the three directions of the coordinate axes and the results were analyzed based on the signal-to-noise ratio and an analysis of variance with the aim of minimizing the values of the forces. Considering the input parameters analyzed, it was concluded that the forces are most influenced by the material, followed by the punch diameter, the step on vertical direction and the wall angle.     

Microstructure Evolution of 2A12 Aluminum Alloy under Isothermal Heat Treatment Direct Writing Process

A metal-melting direct writing process, using semi-solid isothermal heat treatment to form high-quality semi-solid components, realized the integrated innovation of semi-solid formation and additive manufacturing. An experimental study was carried out on semi-solid isothermal heat treatment for metal-melting direct-writing technology, using 2A12 aluminum alloy as raw material. The semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was carried out over different temperature ranges, and four-stages evolution mechanism of the semi-solid microstructure in the semi-solid melting direct writing process was investigated. The effects of holding temperature and time on the microstructure of the semi-solid isothermal heat treatment of the alloy were put forward. According to the analysis of the results of the semi-solid-melting direct-writing test, the corresponding relationship between semi-solid microstructure and extrusion formability was found. The results show that when the holding temperature is 640–650 °C and the holding time is 20–25 min, the liquid phase rate can reach about 40%, and the direct-writing forming technology can be carried out stably.     

Tailoring Titanium Sheet Metal Using Laser Metal Deposition to Improve Room Temperature Single-Point Incremental Forming

Typically, due to their limited formability, elevated temperatures are required in order to achieve complex shapes in titanium alloys. However, there are opportunities for forming such alloys at room temperature using incremental forming processes such as single-point incremental forming (SPIF). SPIF is an innovative metal forming technology which uses a single tool to form sheet parts in place of dedicated dies. SPIFs ability to increase the forming limits of difficult-to-form materials offers an alternative to high temperature processing of titanium. However, sheet thinning during SPIF may encourage the early onset of fracture, compromising in-service performance. An additive step prior to SPIF has been examined to tailor the initial sheet thickness to achieve a homogeneous thickness distribution in the final part. In the present research, laser metal deposition (LMD) was used to locally thicken a commercially pure titanium grade 2 (CP-Ti50A) sheet. Tensile testing was used to examine the mechanical behaviour of the tailored material. In addition, in-situ digital image correlation was used to measure the strain distribution across the surface of the tailored material. The work found that following deposition, isotropic mechanical properties were obtained within the sheet plane in contrast to the anisotropic properties of the as-received material and build height appeared to have little influence on strength. Microstructural analysis showed a change to the material in response to the LMD added thickness, with a heat affected zone (HAZ) at the interface between the added LMD layer and non-transformed substrate material. Grain growth and intragranular misorientation in the added LMD material was observed. SPIF of a LMD tailored preform resulted in improved thickness homogeneity across the formed part, with the downside of early fracture in a high wall angle section of the sheet.