Iron chelators do not reduce cold-induced cell injury in the isolated perfused rat kidney model.

BACKGROUND: In vitro, cold-induced injury is an important contributor to renal tubular cell damage. It is mediated by iron-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species and can be prevented by iron chelation. We studied whether iron chelators can prevent cold-induced damage in the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) model both after cold perfusion (CP) and after cold storage (CS). We hypothesized that in the CP model iron-dependent cold-induced injury is more pronounced, since oxygen is constantly provided. METHODS: The IPK was either flushed with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and stored for 4, 18 or 24 h at 4 degrees C or perfused during 4 h at 4 degrees C with UW for machine perfusion. The iron chelators 2,2'-dipyridyl or desferal, or the negative control 4,4'-dipyridyl were added during the cold perfusion. Kidney function was measured during 2 h reperfusion at 37.5 degrees C and compared to a control group (without cold preservation). RESULTS: Compared to control perfusion, kidney function was decreased in all experimental protocols. glomerular filtration rate and FR(H2O) were significantly decreased, while FE(gluc) and FE(Na) were higher after 4 h CS and CP. After 4 h CP, also renal vascular resistance was increased. Addition of 2,2'-dipyridyl did not improve kidney function after either CS or CP. Prolonged periods of CS worsened kidney function. The addition of 2,2'-dipyridyl or desferal did not improve kidney function after longer periods of CS. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of an iron chelator to the preservation solution UW did not improve kidney function after both CS and CP. Iron chelation is not able to prevent cold-induced damage in the isolated perfused rat kidney.     

复方聚乙二醇电解质散与番泻叶在结肠镜检查前肠道准备中的应用

为观察复方聚乙二醇电解质散与番泻叶联合应用在结肠镜检查前肠道准备的临床效果,将复方聚乙二醇电解质散与番泻叶联合应用为观察组和单用复方聚乙二醇电解质散为对照组,观察术前的排便次数和粪便性状、术中的肠道清洁满意度。结果显示．观察组排便结束时间明显短于对照组（P〈0．05）。肠道清洁满意度观察组为80．6％（162／201）,对照组为69．6％（133／191）（P〈0．05）。结果表明,复方聚乙二醇电解质散与番泻叶联合应用在结肠镜检查前肠道准备的效果比单用复方聚乙二醇电解质散效果好。     

大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准的比较研究

目的对大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准进行评价。方法24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组和损伤组。损伤组采用Alleng打击法制作脊髓损伤模型，假手术组仅行椎板切除术。术后1、3、7、14、21天分别采用Tarlov评分和BBB（basso，beattie and bresnahan）评分对两组大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况进行评估。结果两组大鼠BBB评分值在伤后各时间点差异均非常显著（P〈0．01），Tarlov评分值在伤后各时间点有显著性差异（P〈0．05），但只在1、3、7天时差异才非常显著（P〈0．01）；评分值按百分制换算后，假手术组大鼠两组评分值之间的一致性较好，仅在伤后7天时有显著性差异（P〈0．05），损伤组大鼠两组评分值之间的差异较大，伤后1、3、7天时差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论BBB评分的敏感性和区分度优于Tarlov评分，能更准确、客观地反映大鼠中度脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复情况。     

不同剂量罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于下肢手术的效果比较

目的比较不同剂量低浓度罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉用于下肢手术的麻醉效果。方法择期下肢手术患者136例,急诊下肢手术患者83例。按腰麻用药分为0.1%、0.15%和0.2%罗哌卡因3组,每组73例,各组剂量从3mg开始递增,顺序完成3mg各3例,4mg各10例,5、6、7mg各20例。硬膜外腔维持用药均为0.2%罗哌卡因。术前不用药。患者侧卧位,患侧在上,L2-3套针法穿刺,调整麻醉平面在T9-10。观察麻醉效果,BP、HR、SpO2、Bromage评分等。结果优良率6~7mg时为95%、5mg时为50%~55%、4mg时为30%,剂量为3mg时虽有镇痛平面,但不能行手术,均为麻醉失败,剂量为7mg时无失败病例。患者术中BP、HR、SpO2平稳,无恶心呕吐。头痛1例,尿潴留2例。术中患肢Bromage评分为2~3分,健肢为0~1分。结论0.1%~0.2%罗哌卡因6~7mg腰麻与0.2%罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞联合麻醉,具有用药少,起效快,镇痛完善,BP、HR、SpO2平稳,副作用小,麻醉消退快,能早期活动,利于搬运转移患者等优点,不仅可用于无严重创伤性休克患者下肢不同部位手术的麻醉,而且可为战时手术方舱内的手术提供一种麻醉选择。     

Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Cisplatin Powder in a Rabbit Model of Liver Cancer

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacological advantages of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with cisplatin powder for hypervascular hepatic tumors in animal experiments. VX2 tumors were transplanted to the livers of nine rabbits. Cisplatin (1 mg/kg) was infused into the proper hepatic artery. In the cisplatin-HAI group, cisplatin solution was infused. In the cisplatin-GS-TACE group, after infusion of cisplatin solution, gelatin sponge particles were used for embolization. In the cisplatin-Lp-TACE group, after infusion of a cisplatin powder and lipiodol (10 mg/ml) suspension, gelatin sponge particles were used for embolization. Before and after administration, platinum concentrations in plasma were measured. Using liver specimens that were excised 60 min after infusion, platinum concentrations in tumorous and nontumorous liver tissues were measured. The mean platinum concentration in tumorous tissue was 0.88 μg/ml for the cisplatin-HAI group, 1.23 μg/ml for the cisplatin-GS-TACE group, and 12.65 μg/ml for the cisplatin-Lp-TACE group. The platinum concentration for the cisplatin-Lp-TACE group was significantly higher than that for the cisplatin-HAI group (p = 0.004) and the cisplatin-GS-TAE group (p = 0.004). The mean platinum concentration in nontumorous liver tissue was 0.98 μg/ml for the cisplatin-HAI group, 1.13 μg/ml for the cisplatin-GS-TACE group, and 1.09 μg/ml for the cisplatin-Lp-TACE group; no significant differences were seen. At both 5 and 10 min after infusion, the platinum concentrations for the cisplatin-Lp-TACE group were lower than those for the other two groups. The present results suggest that TACE using cisplatin powder/lipiodol suspension and gelatin sponge for hypervascular hepatic tumors has a number of pharmacological advantages. This material was presented at 2007 CIRSE.     

咳嗽并见背冷症证因特点临床研究

目的观察咳嗽并见背冷症患者的临床表现及中医证候特点,探讨分析其病因病机,为咳嗽的临床诊疗提供依据。方法选取以"咳嗽"为主诉且并见背冷症的患者作为研究对象,就其一般性资料、所患呼吸系统基础疾病、咳嗽及背冷症发生的临床特点、相关因素进行分析,总结其发病特点、病因病机及证候学特点。结果咳嗽并见背冷症临床常见,背冷症与咳嗽症状密切相关,病理要素包含湿热、阳虚、痰饮、风邪等。中医辨证分型可见脾胃湿热证占22.8%、脾胃湿热证兼肺阳虚证占21.3%、肺阳虚证占17.3%、肺脾阳虚证占12.7%等。结论背冷症与咳嗽常相兼而见,可见于不同年龄段、不同肺系疾病中,轻重程度各异,且与季节、气候变化等有关。脾胃湿热证、肺阳虚证及其相兼证为咳嗽并见背冷症的常见证候,湿热邪气阻滞气机及肺脾阳虚、卫阳失布而致肺失宣肃是主要病机。     

乌梅丸治疗消化系统疾病应用概述

张仲景在《伤寒论》厥阴篇中用乌梅丸治疗蛔厥证和久痢。其寒温并用,清上温下,辛开苦降,调补气血阴阳,用治上热下寒、寒热错杂之证。现代药理研究表明,乌梅丸可促进炎症及黏膜损害修复,调节胃肠功能。消化系统疾病多有上热下寒、寒热错杂的病机特点。乌梅丸可用于治疗慢性溃疡性结肠炎、腹泻型肠易激综合征、慢性萎缩性胃炎、慢性腹泻等消化系统疾病。     

一粒金搐鼻散治疗偏头痛给药方法探讨

鼻腔给药是治疗头痛的有效方法之一。搐鼻散是朱丹溪明确的提出治疗偏头痛的组方,其药物组成包括青黛、荜茇、藁本、延胡索、白芷、川芎、猪胆汁。全方药物均入于肝胆二经,除具有治疗标证的止痛作用外,每一味药物也有针对偏头痛病因病机的治本作用。西医学认为鼻腔给药治疗偏头痛具有以下几个特点:(1)生物利用度高,避免了胃肠吸收和肝脏的首过消除效应;(2)鼻腔内皮上的小孔可使药物直接进入脑脊液,或通过丰富的血管较快穿过血脑屏障;(3)使用方便,患者依从性较好,避免了熬药、服药等较复杂的过程;(4)起效迅速,非常适于急救、自救以及疾病发作时的中止性治疗。     

小青龙汤加减对支气管哮喘慢性持续期患者PEF的影响

目的 观察小青龙汤加减治疗支气管哮喘慢性持续期寒饮停肺证对患者肺功能呼气峰流速(PEF)值的影响.方法 将80例支气管哮喘慢性持续期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例.2组均采用西药常规治疗,治疗组同时加服小青龙汤加减.两组疗程均为2周.观察两组治疗前后的PEF值变化.结果 治疗后两组患者的PEF值均有改善(P<0.01),但治疗组的改善优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 小青龙汤加减对支气管哮喘慢性持续期寒饮停肺证患者的PEF值有显著的改善作用.