郭霞珍教授活血化瘀法治疗青春期崩漏经验

郭霞珍教授认为肝脾肾三脏的功能失调与青春期崩漏的发生关系密切,如肝郁血热、脾虚失摄、肾精不足等。无论何种原因导致的崩漏,血出日久,或过用固涩药物止血,最终均可发展为血瘀。故临床治疗应以活血化瘀以澄其源,同时针对"瘀"形成的不同原因,佐以疏肝清热、健脾益气或补肾填精,方能取得预期疗效。     

秦艽清虚热的质疑与探析

质疑秦艽清虚热的功效。从秦艽功用沿革及历代医家对秦艽的认识,总结秦艽功效为主传尸骨蒸、除日晡潮热骨蒸、治小儿疳积骨蒸,而秦艽的除骨蒸作用不能等同于清虚热,秦艽并不具备治疗阴虚发热的特质,其在治疗阴虚发热方剂中的作用与其性用平和、辛散苦泄通利有关,而它本身并无直接的清退阴虚发热的功用。     

输卵管性不孕症的临床治疗

对于输卵管性不孕症,西医手术治疗的认可度在广大患者中不断提升,常见有输卵管通液、宫腔镜及腹腔镜等手术方法,新兴的介入治疗及辅助生殖技术亦逐渐走向成熟.中医则有内治、外治及其他等多途径疗法,可达到通络止痛,化瘀消炎的效果,可解决输卵管阻塞及因输卵管黏连而影响拾夺卵子及孕卵运行的功能,改善盆腔受孕的内环境.中西医结合治疗,可取长补短,发挥更大疗效,消除不良反应.     

清热利湿法治疗酒精性肝炎疗效观察

目的：探讨清热显法治疗酒精性肝炎的临床疗效及机制。方法：45例酒精性肝炎患者随机分为两组，治疗组30例采用清热利湿法治疗，对照组15例采用常规西药治疗，观察两组临床疗效与外周血白细胞介素－8（IL－8），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），丙二醛（MDA）水平及肝功能变化的关系。结果：经治疗后治疗组患者外周血IL－8，MDA水平均明显下降（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），SOD活性明显上升（P＜0．05），对照组患者外周血MDA水平均明显下降（P＜0．05），两组肝功能得到不同程度恢复，症状不同程度得到改善，两组总有效率比较差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05），但两组显效率比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），结论：清热利湿法对酒精性肝炎具有较好疗效，其机制可能与下调炎症细胞因子IL－8水平，减轻肝脏脂质过氧化反应等有关。     

Optimizing tissue clearing and imaging methods for human brain tissue

ObjectivesTo identify optimum sample conditions for human brains, we compared the clearing efficiency, antibody staining efficiency, and artifacts between fresh and cadaver samples.MethodsFresh and cadaver samples were cleared using X-CLARITY™. Clearing efficiency and artifact levels were calculated using ImageJ, and antibody staining efficiency was evaluated after confocal microscopy imaging. Three staining methods were compared: 4-day staining (4DS), 11-day staining (11DS), and 4-day staining with a commercial kit (4DS-C). The optimum staining method was then selected by evaluating staining time, depth, method complexity, contamination, and cost.ResultsFresh samples outperformed cadaver samples in terms of the time and quality of clearing, artifacts, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining efficiency, but had a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining efficiency that was similar to that of cadaver samples. The penetration depth and DAPI staining improved in fresh samples as the incubation period lengthened. 4DS-C was the best method, with the deepest penetration. Human brain images containing blood vessels, cell nuclei, and astrocytes were visualized three-dimensionally. The chemical dye staining depth reached 800 µm and immunostaining depth exceeded 200 µm in 4 days.ConclusionsWe present optimized sample preparation and staining protocols for the visualization of three-dimensional macrostructure in the human brain.     

Cribriform-Morular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Ultrastructural Study and Somatic/Germline Mutation Analysis of the APC Gene

Cribriform-morular variant of papillary carcinoma is a distinctive histological variant of thyroid cancer, characterized by intermingled cribriform, follicular, papillary, trabecular, and morular architecture. These tumors are known to be associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), but are also encountered in non-FAP patients. The authors report on ultrastructural and genetic studies of 3 patients with this type of carcinoma-associated FAP. There were numerous microfilaments approximately 100?nm long at the nuclear clearing area of the morular regions. Two of the 3 patients showed germline APC mutations, and 1 had so somatic APC mutation. Both mutations were in previously unreported regions. The study provides new information for understanding the development of this rare tumor.     

Large-scale characterization of the microvascular geometry in development and disease by tissue clearing and quantitative ultramicroscopy

Three-dimensional assessment of optically cleared, entire organs and organisms has recently become possible by tissue clearing and selective plane illumination microscopy (“ultramicroscopy”). Resulting datasets can be highly complex, encompass over a thousand images with millions of objects and data of several gigabytes per acquisition. This constitutes a major challenge for quantitative analysis. We have developed post-processing tools to quantify millions of microvessels and their distribution in three-dimensional datasets from ultramicroscopy and demonstrate the capabilities of our pipeline within entire mouse brains and embryos. Using our developed acquisition, segmentation, and analysis platform, we quantify physiological vascular networks in development and the healthy brain. We compare various geometric vessel parameters (e.g. vessel density, radius, tortuosity) in the embryonic spinal cord and brain as well as in different brain regions (basal ganglia, corpus callosum, cortex). White matter tract structures (corpus callosum, spinal cord) showed lower microvascular branch densities and longer vessel branch length compared to grey matter (cortex, basal ganglia). Furthermore, we assess tumor neoangiogenesis in a mouse glioma model to compare tumor core and tumor border. The developed methodology allows rapid quantification of three-dimensional datasets by semi-automated segmentation of fluorescently labeled objects with conventional computer hardware. Our approach can aid preclinical investigations and paves the way towards “quantitative ultramicroscopy”.     

Rapid,high‐fluence multi‐pass q‐switched laser treatment of tattoos with a transparent perfluorodecalin‐infused patch: A pilot study

Background and Objectives

Perfluorodecalin (PFD) has previously been shown to rapidly dissipate the opaque, white micro‐bubble layer formed after exposure of tattoos to Q‐switched lasers [1]. The current pilot study was conducted to qualitatively determine if the use of a transparent PFD‐infused silicone patch would result in more rapid clearance of tattoos than conventional through‐air techniques.

Materials and Methods

Black or dark blue tattoos were divided into two halves in a single‐site IRB‐approved study with 17 subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III. One half of each tattoo served as its own control and was treated with one pass of a standard Q‐switched Alexandrite laser (755 nm). The other half of the tattoo was treated directly through a transparent perfluorodecalin (PFD) infused patch (ON Light Sciences, Dublin, CA). The rapid whitening reduction effect of the Patch routinely allowed three to four laser passes in a total of approximately 5 minutes. Both sides were treated at highest tolerated fluence, but the optical clearing, index‐matching, and epidermal protection properties of the PFD Patch allowed significantly higher fluence compared to the control side. Standard photographs were taken at baseline, immediately prior to treatment with the PFD Patch in place, and finally before and after each treatment session. Treatments were administered at 4‐ to 6‐week intervals.

Results

In a majority of subjects (11 of 17), tattoos treated through a transparent PFD‐infused patch showed more rapid tattoo clearance with higher patient and clinician satisfaction than conventional treatment. In no case did the control side fade faster than the PFD Patch side. No unanticipated adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

Rapid multi‐pass treatment of tattoos with highest tolerated fluence facilitated by a transparent PFD‐infused patch clears tattoos more rapidly than conventional methods. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:613–618, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The acoustic cough monitoring and manometric profile of cough and throat clearing

Cough and throat clearing might be difficult to differentiate when trying to detect them acoustically or manometrically. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of acoustic monitoring for detecting cough and throat clearing, and to also determine whether these two symptoms present with different manometric profiles on esophageal pressure topography. Ten asymptomatic volunteers (seven females, mean age 31.1) were trained to simulate cough and throat clearing in a randomized order every 6 minutes during simultaneous acoustic monitoring and high‐resolution manometry. The accuracy of automated acoustic analysis and two blinded reviewers were compared. The pattern of the events and the duration of the pressure changes were assessed using the 30 mmHg isobaric contour. There were 50 cough and 50 throat‐clearing events according to the protocol. The sensitivity and specificity of automated acoustic analysis was 84% and 50% for cough, while the blinded analysis using sound revealed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 92%. The manometric profile of both cough and throat clearing was similar in terms of qualitative findings; however, cough was associated with a greater number of repetitive pressurizations and a more vigorous upper esophageal sphincter contraction compared with throat clearing. The acoustic analysis software has a moderate sensitivity and poor specificity to detect cough. The profile of cough and throat clearing in pressure topography revealed a similar qualitative pattern of pressurization with more vigorous pressure changes and a greater rate of repetitive pressurizations in cough.     

从湿毒疫论治新型冠状病毒肺炎医案探析

新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医疫病范畴。通过对两则临床医案的辨析,认为其主要病机为湿毒为患,有寒湿和湿热之分,早期以寒湿为主,日久向湿热发展;亦有平素湿热体质者,疾病初期即表现为湿热证。病位主要在肺与脾,以化湿解毒为主要治疗大法,除了散寒除湿、清热化湿之外,还需要注意条畅气机、活血化瘀、健脾益气等法,忌过用辛温、柔腻、寒凉之品。初期恶寒者还需与伤寒表证相鉴别。