利胆冲剂对胆汁成石趋势的影响

目的 观察利胆冲剂对胆汁成石趋势的影响. 方法 60例患者随机分成利胆冲剂组、胆酸钠组和对照组,每组20例.测定服用利胆冲剂前后四项胆汁成石趋势指标:LI,UCB%,BSI和Z值. 结果 患者服用利胆冲剂前的LI,UCB%,BSI和Z值分别为1.298±0.265,34.72±2.96,0.353±0.093和0.556±0.499;而服用利胆冲剂2周后的LI,UCB%,BSI和Z值分别为0.926±0.208,8.93±1.19,0.154±0.056和0.257±0.211,均显著低于服药前.胆酸钠组和对照组服药前后各项指标无明显差异. 结论 利胆冲剂能有效降低胆汁的成石趋势.     

谢晶日以土木升降相因理论治疗胆石症经验

[目的]探究谢晶日教授治疗胆石症的临床经验。[方法]通过门诊跟师学习,收集整理医案,对谢师治疗胆石症的理论基础、辨证特点和用药经验的独特之处进行总结,并附验案一则加以佐证。[结果]谢师认为,胆石症的病机以肝郁脾虚为本,湿热互结为因,胆腑瘀阻为标,并首次提出了“土木升降相因”理论,主张升发肝脾之气,和降胆胃之气,脾胃肝胆升降有序,则气机运转通畅,中焦生机不息,结石无由以生。临证时以升发肝脾、和降胆胃为纲,标本兼治,以复土木之升降;针对兼症,灵活采用利湿、化瘀等法。所举医案患者症状反复发作,为胆胀肝郁气滞兼相火炽盛证,治以疏肝行气、利胆通腑之法,临床症状好转,复查超声结石基本消失。[结论]谢师治疗胆石症注重肝脾同调,遣方用药灵活多变,疗效显著,其经验值得学习和推广。     

不同部位及性质胆石症患者肠黏膜通透性改变的临床分析

目的研究不同部位及性质胆石症患者肠黏膜通透性的改变,并探讨肠屏障功能在胆石形成中的作用。方法选择2011年3月-2013年3月收治的108例胆结石患者,健康对照者20例,按结石部位不同分为4组:健康对照组(A1组)、胆囊结石组(B1组)、胆管结石组(C1组)、胆囊结石合并胆管结石组(D1组);所有入选患者全部行手术治疗,收集胆石进行化学分析,根据结石不同性质分为健康对照组(A2组)、胆固醇结石(B2组)、胆色素结石(C2组)、混合性结石组(D2组)。分别用分光光度法测定各组血浆及回肠末端黏膜组织中D-乳酸浓度、二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,组间比较采用方差分析和LSD-t检验。结果 (1)不同部位结石患者(A1、B1、C1、D1 4组)之间血浆及肠黏膜组织D-乳酸及DAO活性水平相比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)术后对胆石进行化学分析,胆固醇结石40例(37.04%)、胆色素结石52例(48.15%),混合性结石16例(14.81%);与A2组及B2组比较,C2组血浆及肠黏膜组织D-乳酸及DAO活性差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与D2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B2组与A2、D2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆色素结石患者存在肠黏膜通透性的改变,胆色素结石形成与肠屏障功能损伤有一定的关系,肠屏障功能损伤可能在促进胆色素结石的形成中发挥一定的作用。     

急性胆石性胰腺炎的外科治疗（附45例临床分析）

目的 探讨急性胆石胰腺炎诊断和手术治疗的经验。方法 回顾性分析了４５例行手术治疗的急性胆石胰腺炎病人的临床资料和治疗。结果 术前Ｂ超检查在发病２４小时内施行的２１例中９例显示胆总管结石，而发病超过２４小时的２４例中仅显示３例（Ｐ〈０．０２５）。本组手术包括单纯胆囊切除３３例，合并胆总管切开探查９例，合并胆总管探查和胰周引流３例，４例病人发生术后并发症（８．９％），仅１例手术死亡，术后第５天死于呼吸     

The distribution of secretory immunoglobulin A in the intrahepatic biliary epithelium of patients with hepatolithiasis

In the treatment of hepatolithiasis, liver resection helps to prevent recurrence and may reduce the incidence of infection by removal of the atrophic tissue. This study was conducted to determine if the affected liver tissue in hepatolithiasis is inflamed or has lowered local immunity by examining the distribution of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the intrahepatic biliary tracts of 27 patients with hepatolithiasis. Operative specimens were sectioned and stained with avidinbiotin complex, and the labeling index for both sIgA and PCNA was calculated as a percentage of the biliary epithelial cells stained. Cells stained for sIgA increased to a certain point as the cholangitis became more severe; however, in advanced cholangitis, with severe parenchymal atrophy or actively proliferating biliary epithelium, there were fewer cells stained for sIgA than in mild cholangitis. In hepatolithiasis, the decreased local immunity related to sIgA accompanied severe chronic proliferative cholangitis and parenchymal atrophy.     

肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石临床体会

目的探讨肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石的方法及疗效。方法回顾性总结1992年12月至2004年12月间肝叶切除治疗112例肝内胆管结石的经验与体会。结果本组无手术死亡,术后并发症有胆漏3例(2.7%)、膈下感染5例(4.5%)、腹腔脓肿2例(1.8%)和肝衰1例(0.9%)等。本组获随访者103例,随访时间4月至13年,平均7年3月,76.7%术后症状消失,工作生活正常,17.5%偶有轻度胆管炎发作,5.8%仍反复发作严重胆道感染。结论肝叶切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石最有效的手段。     

内镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆管结石的应用

目的探讨内镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆总管结石的方法与近期疗效,总结其技术要点。方法回顾性分析我院施行内镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆总管结石23例的治疗经过及近期随访结果,其中腹腔镜结合胆道镜手术8例,开腹胆总管切开取石12例,经T管窦道硬质输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗胆道残余结石3例。结果 23例均获成功,无胆道损伤、胆漏;其中1例腹腔镜结合胆道镜行胆总管探查术者因胆总管下段结石嵌顿、胆管粘膜水肿严重致视野不清仅行T管引流,二期经T管窦道钬激光碎石,余病例均获得一次性结石清除,2例术后胆道少量出血未行特殊处理自愈,随访3～6月无残留结石。结论钬激光碎石治疗胆管结石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Experience with 1904 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at a private hospital

The purpose of this paper is to describe our recent experience in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomies of which we performed 1904, from January 1991 to May 1997, at our private hospital, mainly to treat cholecystolithiasis. The patients included 1563 with gallbladder stones (82.0%), 82 with cholecystocholedocholithiasis (4.3%), 104 with adenomyomatosis (5.5%), 132 with polyps (6.9%), and 23 with gallbladder cancer (1.3%). A difficult pericholecystic dissection led to conversion to open surgery in 61 patients. The average operation time was 63 min. Bile duct injury or cystic artery bleeding occurred in 3 patients with acute cholecystitis, and small intestine injury occurred in 1 patient, while bile leakage or a right subphrenic abscess occurred in 6 patients postoperatively. Although this series included 69 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery, 14 with liver cirrhosis, 267 with a nonvisualized gallbladder, and 148 with acute cholecystitis, the overall conversion rate was only 3.2% and morbidity only 0.5%. Although almost all patients with cholelithiasis are now considered potential candidates for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, difficulties during cholecystectomy have been encountered in patients with acute cholecystitis. Surgeons should thus be fully prepared to convert to open surgery whenever difficulties are encountered, in order to avoid complication.     

牛磺熊去氧胆酸治疗胆石症有效性、安全性和经济性的卫生技术评估

目的:基于卫生技术评估(HTA)方法,系统评价牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)治疗胆石症的有效性、安全性和经济性.方法:计算机系统检索PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,CNKI和万方数据库,以及检索国内外HTA数据库与官方网站,纳入TUDCA治疗胆石症的HTA报告、系统评价、随机对照试验...     

胆石病动物模型及药物靶点的研究进展*

胆石病是一种发生在胆囊和胆管的常见病、多发病,涉及一系列复杂的细胞及分子机制,如何制作和选择与人类胆石病相似的动物模型,不仅是深入研究胆石病发病机制的重要基础,也是筛选防治胆石病药物的有效手段。现概述目前常用的胆石病动物模型,并介绍胆石病药物靶点与治疗药物的研究进展。