脂多糖对胆汁分泌的影响

[目的 ]通过脂多糖对胆汁分泌的影响实验 ,初步探讨引起肝功能障碍及肝内结石形成的机理 .[方法 ]在麻醉状态下 ,直接往实验动物肝内注入脂多糖等实验药物 ,测定相关数据 .[结果 ]脂多糖对胆汁分泌有抑制作用 ,并对胆汁酸、磷脂浓度有降低作用 ,而对胆红素、钙的浓度无显著作用 .[结论 ]脂多糖对胆汁分泌有明显作用 ,对诱发肝功能障碍及形成肝内胆结石有一定的影响     

尾状叶胆管结石的外科治疗

目的:总结尾状叶胆管结石的外科治疗经验.提高尾状叶胆管结石的诊治水平.方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年1 2月19倒尾状叶胆管结石患者的一般资料、手术方式、术后并发症及随访情况.结果:19例患者男8例、女11例,既往共行30次胆道手术.其中12例1次、4例2次、2倒3次、1例4次.术前均行B超、CT或MRCP、ERCP等检查证实尾状叶胆管结石.14例伴有尾状叶胆管开口狭窄.11例行尾状叶切除术,8例行尾状叶胆管开口扩张或切开整形 探查取石术,手术成功率100%.术后无结石残留.18倒(94.7%)获随访,平均随访(17.6±2.3)个月,2例出现结石复发,优良率88.9%,其中行尾状叶切除术患者优良率达100%.结论:尾状叶胆管结石的处理相当复杂和困难,仅行胆管探查取石往往效果不佳,尾状叶切除术可达到清除病灶的目的.有良好的远期效果,但需要临床医师具备丰富的肝脏外科经验和娴熟的手术操作水平.     

肝内外胆管结石64排CT数据三维重建及其临床意义

目的 研究64排螺旋CT数据肝脏及其管道系统三维重建在肝胆外科中的临床意义.方法 利用胆道结石病人的肝脏64排螺旋CT扫描数据.用程序和人工方法对图像进行分割.采用Mimics软件进行三维重建,重建出的肝脏及其管道模型分别以STL格式输出.然后导入到FreeForm Modeling System进行修饰和平滑.将肝脏和其内的各个管道系统及结石进行配准.结果 重建的肝脏模型能真实反映肝脏的实际体积和肝脏的解剖标志,并且通过调节肝脏的透明度可同时显示肝脏和肝内的动脉、静脉、门静脉、部分腹部血管、胆道系统及其内的结石等,肝内、外胆管结石的大致位置及个数清晰可见,肝内、外胆管的扩张及狭窄情况一目了然,形态逼真,立体感强.同时还能对模型放大、缩小和旋转等其他全方位观察的操作.结论 肝脏及其管道系统三维重建有利于术前规划及术中取净结石,对胆道狭窄和扩张进行恰当的处理.对减少术后结石的残留和复发有重要意义.     

乙肝病毒感染患者胆囊胆汁成分改变及其临床意义

目的：探讨乙肝病毒感染与胆石形成的关系。方法：收集38例乙肝病毒感染患者和35例非乙肝病毒感染者的胆囊内胆汁,对其胆红素、胆汁脂类、钙离子进行检测。结果：乙肝病毒感染患者胆囊胆汁的非结合性胆红素、钙离子明显高于对照组（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,总胆汁酸、胆固醇明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论：乙肝病毒感染患者胆囊胆汁成分改变与胆石症发病率增高有密切关系。     

养肝柔肝中药对胆囊胆固醇结石豚鼠胆囊细胞钙离子浓度的影响

目的:通过观察实验豚鼠胆囊细胞钙离子浓度([Ca2 ]i)的变化,探讨胆固醇结石形成与养肝柔肝中药防治胆结石的作用机制。方法:将80只受试豚鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、养肝柔肝中药组和熊去氧胆酸组,每组20只。后三组采用高胆固醇致石食饵诱发法建立豚鼠胆结石动物模型,其中养肝柔肝中药组、熊去氧胆酸组分别给予相应药物进行防治实验,连续用药7周后,分别对实验豚鼠大体情况、胆结石生成情况以及胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i的变化进行观察。结果:模型组动物胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i明显降低,养肝柔肝中药不仅能明显改善豚鼠行为学体征,降低胆结石的成石率,而且可提高胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i。结论:胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i降低是导致胆囊的收缩功能降低,胆固醇结石形成的重要因素。提高胆囊细胞[Ca2 ]i,增强胆囊平滑肌细胞的收缩功能,减轻胆汁淤滞,可能是养肝柔肝中药防治胆石病的作用机制之一。     

Experience with 1904 laparoscopic cholecystectomies at a private hospital

The purpose of this paper is to describe our recent experience in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomies of which we performed 1904, from January 1991 to May 1997, at our private hospital, mainly to treat cholecystolithiasis. The patients included 1563 with gallbladder stones (82.0%), 82 with cholecystocholedocholithiasis (4.3%), 104 with adenomyomatosis (5.5%), 132 with polyps (6.9%), and 23 with gallbladder cancer (1.3%). A difficult pericholecystic dissection led to conversion to open surgery in 61 patients. The average operation time was 63 min. Bile duct injury or cystic artery bleeding occurred in 3 patients with acute cholecystitis, and small intestine injury occurred in 1 patient, while bile leakage or a right subphrenic abscess occurred in 6 patients postoperatively. Although this series included 69 patients with previous upper abdominal surgery, 14 with liver cirrhosis, 267 with a nonvisualized gallbladder, and 148 with acute cholecystitis, the overall conversion rate was only 3.2% and morbidity only 0.5%. Although almost all patients with cholelithiasis are now considered potential candidates for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, difficulties during cholecystectomy have been encountered in patients with acute cholecystitis. Surgeons should thus be fully prepared to convert to open surgery whenever difficulties are encountered, in order to avoid complication.     

Cholelithoptysis: an unusual delayed complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

We report the case of a 54-year old woman who presented with a persistent right lower lobe pneumonia followed by cholelithoptysis, 11 months after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is postulated that this was a result of the formation of a subphrenic abscess secondary to intraoperative spillage of gallstones. It is concluded that spillage of gallstones at laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not as benign as previously thought and that efforts to prevent spillage should include scrupulous operative technique, especially in the presence of gallbladder inflammation, and especial care when removing the gallbladder from the abdominal cavity.     

Mirizzi Syndrome with a Double Biliary Fistula

Mirizzi syndrome is a partial obstruction of the biliary tree caused by a stone impacted in the cystic duct, with or without development of a cholecystobiliary fistula. Clinical signs are non-specific and suggest at first an obstructive jaundice. We describe a patient with a type I Mirizzi syndrome with a cholecystocolic and a cholecysto-internal biliary fistula. The diagnosis was suggested by ultrasonography and tomodensitometry, and confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. A partial cholecystectomy with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction was performed. A review of the literature covering its clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical treatment is presented.     

Higher Incidence of Cholelithiasis in Chronic Renal Failure Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

Background. In this study, we endeavored to determine whether the incidence of cholelithiasis (CL) was increased in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism on a peritoneal dialysis (PD) program. We also evaluated the factors that might have some influence on the development of CL. Methods. A total of 59 CRF patients undergoing PD were included in the study. We studied the following groups to determine whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were increased in CRF-PD patients: twenty patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (group 1) and 39 patients with normal PTH levels (group 2). PTH levels were maintained at three times the upper limit of normal. Biochemical parameters were obtained for each CRF-PD patient. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography to screen for the presence of cholelithiasis. For statistical analysis, χ², t test, and logistic regression analysis were used; p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results. We found an almost ten times higher incidence (25% vs. 2.6%) of CL in group 1 patients with statistical significance (p = 0.007). When the incidence of CL according to sex, creatinine, and PTH levels were considered, female gender, creatinine, and PTH levels were higher in group 1, which was also significant statistically. No significant relationship was detected between gallbladder stone formation and the other analyzed biochemical parameters. Conclusions. We found that the incidence of CL in CRF-PD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism was higher than CRF-PD patients with normal PTH levels. It was also detected that female gender, high creatinine levels, and elevated PTH levels might influence the development of CL in CRF-PD patients.