腹主动脉瘤33例诊断和手术治疗体会

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤的诊断和手术治疗经验。方法1996年6月至2004年12月间,诊断和手术治疗腹主动脉瘤33例,其中胸腹主动脉瘤1例。均采用动脉瘤切除人造血管移植术。结果腹主动脉瘤破裂急诊手术7例,2例死亡。择期手术26例,无一例死亡。结论术前诊断和掌握手术时机是提高手术成功的关键。应用16排螺旋CT主动脉造影(sixteen-detector row computed tomography aortic angiography,16排螺旋CTA)在腹主动脉瘤诊断中具有无创、安全、快速、方便等优点,具有应用价值。对有手术指征的腹主动脉瘤应积极手术治疗,提高传统手术技术使腹主动脉瘤手术更为安全。     

鼻额区、鼻根部解剖-美学关系对隆鼻术的指导意义

目的探讨如何根据鼻额区、鼻根部解剖-美学关系,改进隆鼻术中假体的雕刻方法及置放位置。方法53例隆鼻术病人中,根据病人要求,将假体上部雕刻成“V”型,夹角60°,尖端位于黄金点下方1~2mm处;在鼻骨软骨结合处,假体的鼻背与鼻根雕出一约为10°的角度,并置放于相应解剖位置。结果53例手术效果良好:鼻额角达118°~131°,男性平均128°,女性平均123°,额鼻三角区和鼻根部成形满意,无鼻根部假体漂浮移动,外形较传统方法更为自然。结论应用本文所述的方法进行隆鼻术,可形成满意的鼻额区及鼻根部成形,并可防止并发症出现。     

大颗粒聚乙烯对人工关节假体周围组织影响的实验研究

目的　制作松动人工关节的动物模型 ,了解大颗粒聚乙烯对实验动物人工关节假体周围骨组织的影响 ,并初步探讨其作用机制。　方法　选用健康新西兰白兔 2 0只 ,雌雄各半 ,体重 2 .3～ 2 .7kg。从两侧膝关节向股骨置入钴 -铬 -钼棒 ,分别于术后 2、4、6、8及 10周向一侧膝关节腔内注射聚乙烯微粒 (直径 10 0 μm)悬液 1.5 ml(实验侧 ) ,向另一侧膝关节腔内注射生理盐水 1.5 ml(对照侧 )。术后第 10周摄双下肢 X线片 ,了解假体周围是否有骨溶解和假体松动。术后第 12周处死动物。取 13只兔检查聚乙烯颗粒在关节囊分布情况 ,假体有否松动 ,周围有无新骨及界膜形成 ;取5只兔双侧股骨、膝关节囊作组织学检查 (实验过程中有 2只动物死亡 )。　结果　 1肉眼观察 :实验侧有 4侧金属假体被新生骨组织覆盖 ,9侧被纤维膜覆盖 ;对照侧有 11侧金属假体被新生骨组织覆盖 ,2侧被纤维膜覆盖 ,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .0 5 )。2 X线片观察 :假体位于股骨髓腔远端 ,其周围未见明显新生骨组织和骨溶解征像。3组织学观察 :实验侧关节囊见大量异物颗粒被成纤维细胞和多核巨细胞包绕 ,假体近端髓腔周围见成纤维细胞和纤维组织或新生骨组织形成 ,未见异物颗粒和多核巨细胞 ,靠近关节面部分见异物颗粒被成纤维细胞和多核巨细胞包绕     

HA梯度涂层复合BMP人工股骨柄的研究

目的研究新型HA梯度涂层人工股骨柄假体及其复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)后的界面生物学特征。方法将15只健康成年杂交犬随机分成三组,行右侧人工股骨头置换,分别植入钛合金人工股骨柄(Ti组)、HA涂层钛合金人工股骨柄(HA组)和复合rhBMP-2的HA涂层钛合金人工股骨柄(BMP-HA组),12周后处死动物,取有植入假体的股骨上段进行X线检查和界面组织学观察,处死前肌内注射盐酸四环素行荧光标记。结果X线检查显示Ti组中有1例假体周围出现局部透亮带。HA组及BMP-HA组股骨柄假体周围可见新骨形成。光镜下新型HA梯度涂层无明显降解和碎裂,性质稳定。Ti组、HA组和BMP-HA组界面骨结合率分别为4.05%±7.66%、71.04%±9.81%和88.86%±6.56%。显示HA组和BMP-HA组界面骨结合良好,骨结合率显著高于Ti组(P<0.01),BMP-HA组界面骨结合率也显著高于HA组(P<0.01)。BMP-HA组的界面有较强的四环素荧光标记,显示界面成骨活跃。结论新型HA梯度涂层假体可引导骨组织长入涂层,与骨组织结合良好,结合率高,能增加假体的稳定性。该涂层可复合rhBMP-2发挥协同作用,明显增加涂层假体的骨整合,有望成为可供临床使用的新型涂层假体。     

Prosthetic choice in mitral valve replacement for severe chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation: Long-term follow-up

BackgroundProsthetic choice for mitral valve replacement is generally driven by patient age and patient and surgeon preference, and current guidelines do not discriminate between different etiologies of mitral valve disease. Our objective was to assess and compare short- and long-term outcomes after mitral valve replacement among patients with biological or mechanical prostheses in the setting of severe ischemic mitral regurgitation.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2016, 424 patients underwent mitral valve replacement for severe ischemic mitral regurgitation at our institution, using biological prosthesis in 188 (44%) and mechanical prosthesis in 236 (56%). A 1:1 propensity score match (n = 126 per group) and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to compare groups. Short-term outcomes included in-hospital mortality and other cardiovascular adverse events. Long-term outcomes included survival and hospital readmission for cardiovascular causes, stroke, and major bleeding.ResultsIn-hospital mortality and early postoperative adverse events were similar between groups in the propensity score match and inverse probability of treatment weighting cohorts. Overall long-term survival was similar at 5 and 9 years, but mechanical prosthesis recipients were more frequently readmitted to hospital for cardiovascular causes, including stroke and non-neurological bleeding in propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses (all P values < .004). Type of prosthesis did not independently influence all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.43; P = .959), but placement of a mechanical prosthesis was associated with increased risk of readmission for cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.32; P = .004) among matched patients.ConclusionsThe type of prosthesis has no influence on long-term survival among patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve replacement. There may be an increased risk of neurologic events and serious bleeding associated with mechanical prostheses.     

Effect of tuberosity repair on functional outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in proximal humerus fractures

PurposeUnsatisfactory results of hemiarthroplasty in Neer's 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly, have led to the shift towards reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The objective of our study was to repair the tuberosities that are generally overlooked during RSA and observe its impact on the functional outcome and shoulder scores.MethodsWe include elderly patients with acutely displaced or dislocated 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures from July 2013 to November 2019 who were treated with RSA along with tuberosity repair by non-absorbable sutures and bone grafting harvested from the humeral head. Open injuries and cases with neuro-muscular involvement of the deltoid muscle were excluded. According to the tuberosity healing on radiographs of the shoulder at 9th postoperative month, the patients were divided into 2 groups, as the group with successful tuberosity repair and the other with failed tuberosity repair. Statistical analysis of the functional outcome and shoulder scores between the 2 groups were done by independent t-test for normally distributed parameters and Mann-Whitney test for the parameters, where data was not normally distributed.ResultsOf 41 patients, tuberosity healing was achieved in 28 (68.3%) and failed in 13 (31.7%) cases. Lysis of the tuberosity occurred in 5 patients, tuberosity displacement in 2, and nonunion in 2. Mean age was 70.4 years (range 65 – 79 years) and mean follow-up was 58.7 months (range 18 – 93 months). There were no major complications. Group with successful tuberosity repair showed improvement in mean active range of movements, like anterior elevation (165.1° ± 4.9° vs. 144.6° ± 9.4°, p < 0.000), lateral elevation (158.9° ± 7.2° vs. 138.4° ± 9.6°, p < 0.000), external rotation (30.5° ± 6.9° vs. 35.0° ± 6.3°, p = 0.367), internal rotation (33.7° ± 7.5° vs. 32.6° ± 6.9°, p = 0.671) and in mean shoulder scores including Constant score (70.7 ± 4.1 vs. 55.5 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), American shoulder and elbow surgeons score (90.3 ± 2.4 vs. 69.0 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), disability of arm shoulder and hand score (22.1 ± 2.3 vs. 37.6 ± 2.6, p < 0.000).ConclusionSuccessful repair and tuberosity healing around the RSA prosthesis is associated with statistically significant improvement in postoperative range of motion, strength and shoulder scores. Standardized repair technique and interposition of cancellous bone grafts, harvested from the humeral head can improve the rate of tuberosity healing.     

Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Cementless Short Versus Straight Stem Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

BackgroundRecent studies indicate a decreased risk of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for short compared to straight stems. However, the results are still inconclusive. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the rate of PFFs within the first year between cementless short and straight stem THA.MethodsA 1:1 propensity score matching of 3,053 THAs was performed. Two groups including 1,147 short stem THAs implanted through a minimally invasive antero-lateral approach and 1,147 straight stem THAs implanted through a transgluteal Hardinge approach were matched. The rates of PFFs and fracture patterns were compared between both stem types. Risk factors for PFFs were analyzed by multivariate regression analyses.ResultsThe overall rate of PFFs was 1.7% in short stem THA and 3.2% in straight stem THA (P = .015). Postoperatively detected Vancouver A fractures occurred significantly more often in straight stem THA (P = .002), while the occurrence Vancouver B fractures did not differ significantly (P = .563). The risk of PFFs was significantly increased for women in straight stem THA (Odds ratio (OR) 2.620; Confidence Interval (CI) 1.172-5.856; P = .019). Increasing age showed a significantly increased odds ratio in short stem (OR 1.103; CI 1.041-1.169, P < .001) and straight stem THA (OR 1.057; CI 1.014-1.101, P = .008).ConclusionShort stem THA reduces Vancouver Type A PFFs in the trochanteric region compared to straight stem THA, while Vancouver Type B fractures are comparable. Increasing age is a significant risk factor for both stem types, while the risk for PFFs in women was only significantly increased in the straight stem group.     

Single Wedge Femoral Stem Designs are Associated With a Higher Risk for Revision After Cementless Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundCementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) femoral stems are the most commonly selected prostheses in the United States. Optimal stem geometry remains controversial with excellent survivorship reported for many designs. We compared cause-specific stem revision of single-wedge versus double-wedge designs from a multicenter US cohort.MethodsData from an integrated healthcare network’s total joint replacement registry were used to conduct a cohort study. Primary elective cementless THAs were identified (2001 to 2018). Implant exposure groups were classified by design geometry using the system proposed by Khanuja et al. Type 1 single-wedge (n = 11,082) and type 2 double-wedge (n = 32,380) designs were compared, and other design types were excluded; the final study cohort comprised 43,462 THAs. Cause-specific multivariable Cox regressions were used to evaluate risk for revision due to infection or aseptic reasons, including loosening, instability, periprosthetic fracture, or other reasons.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, a higher aseptic revision risk was observed for type 1 when compared to type 2 designs (hazard ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.33-2.75). When looking at specific revision reasons, revision for aseptic loosening (hazard ratio = 3.46, 95% confidence interval = 2.24-5.34) was higher for type 1 versus type 2 designs. No differences were found for septic revision, instability, periprosthetic fracture, or revisions for other reasons.ConclusionsType 1 single-wedge designs were found to have a higher risk of revision due to aseptic loosening relative to type 2 double-wedge designs. Femoral stem geometry should be considered when selecting a cementless femoral implant.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

固定义齿与活动义齿在口腔修复治疗中的应用效果

目的 探讨固定义齿与活动义齿在口腔修复治疗中的应用效果。 方法 选取我院2022年4月-2023年4月收治的60例行口腔修复治疗患者为研究对象,采用抽签法分为研究组和对照组,各30例。研究组予以活动义齿修复,对照组予以固定义齿修复,比较两组牙齿活动情况、炎症因子水平、临床疗效。 结果 研究组治疗后咀嚼效率、语言能力评分均高于对照组,牙齿松动评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组治疗后3 d、治疗后1周炎性因子水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;研究组治疗总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的73.33%（P＜0.05）。 结论 相较于固定义齿修复治疗,活动义齿修复治疗可提升患者的牙齿活动情况,有助于恢复患者口腔功能,值得临床应用。     

微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的：探讨微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。方法：2020年4月至2020年10月治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者76例,分别采用微创股骨头置换术（假体组）与PFNA内固定术。假体组35例,女24例,男11例,年龄（86.2±6.1）岁;PFNA组41例,女28例,男13例,年龄（84.6±5.3）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后1、6、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间13~17（14.3±1.4）个月。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;PFNA组出血量少于假体组（P<0.05）;术后下地活动时间假体组明显早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术后1、6个月假体组的Harris评分高于PFNA组（P<0.05）,术后12个月两组Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。假体组并发症少于PFNA组（P<0.05）。结论：高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者,采用微创股骨头置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于术后早期康复,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。