带储气囊无重复呼吸面罩在COPD患者脱机后的应用

目的探讨带储气囊无重复呼吸面罩、普通面罩及经鼻吸氧在慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)脱机后的优缺点。方法选取2010年6月至2013年1月郧县人民医院收治的须行气管插管机械通气的COPD急性发作并发重度呼吸衰竭患者66例,依据随机数字表法分为三组:第1组(22例)脱机后应用带储气囊无重复呼吸面罩吸氧,第2组(22例)应用普通面罩进行吸氧,第3组(22例)应用鼻导管进行吸氧。比较三组3 d内再次应用呼吸机人次、脱机后24、48、72 h血气分析中pH、二氧化碳分压、氧合指数。结果再次应用呼吸机患者会在第1、2、3组分别为2、6、8人次,再次上呼吸机率分别为9%、27%、36%。脱机后24、48、72 h,三组患者的二氧化碳分压、氧分压、pH比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论带储气囊无重复呼吸面罩应用于COPD可有效提高氧分压,无明显加重二氧化碳蓄积的不良反应。     

Patients with New York Heart Association class III heart failure may benefit with high flow nasal cannula supportive therapy : High flow nasal cannula in heart failure

Purpose

High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may decrease preload being associated with beneficial hemodynamic and respiratory effects in adults with heart failure.

Methods

This is a sequential intervention prospective study including 10 adults with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and left ventricle ejection fraction 45% or less. High flow gas was administered (fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.21) through nasal cannula (Optiflow^TM; Fisher & Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand). Sequential echocardiographies were performed at baseline, using HFNC with 20 lpm and 40 lpm and post-HFNC. A reduction greater than 20% in the estimated inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava (IVC) from baseline was considered clinically significant.

Results

Ten patients were included, with median age of 57 (44-65) years; 6 (60%) were female, and 8 (80%) had dilated cardiomyopathy. Median IVC inspiratory significantly (P < .05) decreased from baseline (37%) to HFNC with 20 lpm (28%) and HFNC with 40 lpm (21%), representing mean attributable reductions of 20% (95% confidence interval, 6-55) and 53% (95% confidence interval, 36-67) from baseline. Changes in the IVC inspiratory collapse were reversible after HFNC withdrawal. Respiratory rate was significantly reduced from 23 breaths per minute at baseline to 17 breaths per minute at HFNC with 20 lpm and 13 breaths per minute at HFNC with 40 lpm. In contrast, no significant changes in other echocardiographic or clinical variables were documented.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that patients with NYHA class III heart failure may benefit with HFNC supportive therapy.     

A simple method of nucleus removal during extracapsular surgery

A simple method of removing the nucleus during extracapsular cataract extraction uses an irrigating cannula with an inferior distal lip for retracting the iris and capsule. The nucleus is irrigated out of the eye by directing the irrigating stream toward the equator of the nucleus. Slight counterpressure at the 6-o'clock position is helpful but not always necessary. This technique is easy to perform and does not require expensive equipment.     

Clinical outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in acute heart failure patients with hypoxemia: A retrospective cohort study

Acute heart failure (AHF) is life-threatening medical condition requiring hospital admission and appropriate oxygen therapy. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) has gained its popularity in treatment of AHF, however, there were less studies have demonstrated the physiological efficacy of HFNC. Purpose of this study was to evaluated the physiological responses and clinical outcomes of HFNC by comparing with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) therapy. A retrospective cohort investigation was conducted at emergency intensive care unit (EICU) and cardiovascular center of our hospital from June 2019 to March 2022, AHF patients with hypoxemia were reviewed. According to the received oxygen therapy model, patients were divided into HFNC and NPPV groups. Demographic data, arterial blood gas (ABG) parameter, echocardiography findings, complications and other related variables were extracted and collected from the electronic medical records (EMRs) by well-trained investigators. Physiological responses and clinical outcomes within and between 2 groups were analyzed. Finally, 156 patients with a mean age of 69.3 ± 7.1 years were reviewed, there were 82 (52.6%) male and 74 (47.4%) female patients in the sample and 70 (44.9%) and 86 (55.1%) patients classified III and IV score were included in this study, 80 patients received HFNC and 76 underwent NPPV oxygen therapy. There were no significant differences of baseline characteristics for the 2 groups patients. Changes of left ventricular function parameters, ABG and clinical outcomes were all improved satisfactorily after 24 h medical interventions in both group, what’s more, patients underwent HFNC therapy could acquire a better amelioration when compared with NPPV groups (P < .05). HFNC may be an ideal model for patients with AHF, particularly those with hypoxemia. HFNC therapy could significantly improve several objective parameters of physiological responses and clinical outcomes.     

基于反观面“钟摆式”吻合法的小鼠左肺原位移植改良模型（附视频）

目的  本研究从多角度对小鼠左肺原位移植模型进行改进,旨在建立一种更简易、快速和稳定的小鼠肺移植研究模型。方法  基于本团队前期大鼠左肺原位肺移植改良模型,本研究对小鼠左肺原位移植的气管插管、套管制备和受体吻合程序等均进行了不同程度的改进。由1名具有显微外科经验的操作者连续进行40例小鼠左肺原位移植手术。其中,受体肺门结构的游离在肺门钳夹平面的反观面视野下进行,并采用“钟摆式”吻合法依次对肺门三支（左主支气管、肺动脉、肺静脉）逐一吻合。详细记录各移植程序的操作时间。于术后2周处死受体,记录术后并发症的发生情况。结果  40例小鼠肺移植手术均成功完成,术中无支气管和血管撕裂、扭曲,吻合处无渗血。心肺整体获取时间为（10.7±1.5）min,套管制备时间为（16.2±1.5）min,冷缺血时间为（25.1±2.4）min,热缺血时间为（19.4±1.6）min,总手术时间为（57.2±2.9）min。在术后6~14 d的随访过程中,1只受体小鼠死于胸腔积液,考虑为感染所致;其余受体小鼠随访期间均未出现气胸、血栓和肺不张等现象。结论  本研究基于反观面“钟摆式”吻合法的小鼠左肺原位移植改良模型具有操作时间短、成功率高和并发症少等优点,有望成为可供选择的肺移植术后病理变化的研究模型,值得进一步推广。     

提高重症患者气管插管医护配合默契度的效果研究

目的:通过持续质量改进的实施与效果评价,提高重症患者气管插管医护配合默契度。方法:应用PDCA进行重症患者气管插管医护配合的现状分析、实施改进措施、数据查检,比较PDCA实施前后医护配合默契度及医生对护士操作配合的满意度。结果:实施PDCA后医护配合默契度(90.00±9.07)分,高于实施前(60.00±14.95)分(P<0.05);医生对护士操作配合的Likert scale 5分满意度评分,4分以上占97.14%,高于实施前77.14%(P<0.05)。结论:通过持续质量改进,可以增进医护沟通,对重症患者气管插管进行科学管理,提高医护配合默契度,提高抢救效率,保证患者生命安全。     

Septal release of vasopressin in response to osmotic, hypovolemic and electrical stimulation in rats

The central release of vasopressin was studied in anesthetized rats using push-pull perfusions and radioimmunoassay of the hormone. A basal release was observed in the lateral septum and in the lateral ventricle, whereas no vasopressin was detected in the perfusates from the caudate nucleus. Under osmotic stimulation, vasopressin release increased up to 12 and 60 times basal levels following i.p. injections of 5 ml and 10 ml/kg b.wt. of 2 M NaCl, respectively. This increase was blocked by using a calcium-free perfusion medium containing 0.1 mM EGTA. In the lateral ventricle, osmotic stimulation (5 ml/kg of 2 M NaCl i.p.) had the same effect as in the septum. In the caudate nucleus, no release was observed. Hemorrhage also increased the septal release of vasopressin in 5 out of 6 animals tested. Electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk and of the supraoptic nucleus was used to evoke the release of vasopressin into the bloodstream. Septal release slightly decreased during pituitary stalk stimulation, whereas it did increase during stimulation of the supraoptic region. Our results show that systemic stimuli for vasopressin release evoke both a peripheral and a septal release of the hormone. The dissociation of the effects of electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk and of the supraoptic nucleus suggests, however, that the vasopressinergic neurones responsible for septal release are distinct from those which project to the neurohypophysis.