A comparative study of the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:When it comes to preterm newborns, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most frequent respiratory condition. Despite the fact that it is well acknowledged that preterm delivery plays a significant role, the causes of lung damage are still not completely understood. In newborns with extremely low birth weight and neonatal RDS, nasal continuous positive airway pressure has been suggested as the first respiratory assistance for spontaneous breathing. In the current research, we aim to carry out a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in patients with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).Methods:We intend to search the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Google Scholar, starting from their initial publication until February 2022, to identify randomized controlled trials comparing HFNC to nCPAP in patients with NRDS. The suitable papers will be chosen by 2 writers who will work independently of one another. Using the Cochrane updated technique for risk of bias, each included article will be subjected to an independent data extraction process by the 2 writers who will then independently evaluate the risk of bias. Consequently, a third author will be asked to address any discrepancies that may arise between the writers. It will be necessary to pool the data and do a meta-analysis with the help of the RevMan 5.3 software.Results:In this study, the effectiveness and safety of HFNC will be compared with those of nCPAP in patients with NRDS.Conclusion:If the results of this research are confirmed, they may serve as a summary of the most recent data for non-invasive respiratory assistance in NRDS.Ethics and dissemination:The study will require ethical approval.Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/BKSQ5     

两种腹腔灌洗引流方法在急性重症胰腺炎中的应用比较

目的比较两种腹腔灌洗引流方法在急性重症胰腺炎的应用。方法对43例ICU重症胰腺炎患者分别行腹膜透析管置入灌洗引流或双套管引流管置入并负压吸引引流,统计分析比较两组效果及并发症发生率。结果腹透管灌洗引流组患者的手术时间、术中出血量少于双套管负压吸引组(P<0.05);双套管负压吸引组血淀粉酶恢复情况、腹胀发生率明显低于腹透管灌洗引流组(P<0.05)。住院时间、死亡率及腹腔脓肿、胰瘘/假性囊肿发生率两组无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论两种引流方法操作简单、方便、安全,双套管负压吸引组有更好的引流效果。     

改良双套管持续冲洗负压吸引在肠瘘治疗中的临床分析

目的 探讨改良双套管持续冲洗负压吸引方法治疗肠瘘的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2003年2月~2013年9月在本科住院治疗肠瘘患者的临床资料,其中A组27例采用自制双套管连接低负压持续引流,B组24例采用传统单腔引流管,分析和比较两组的住院天数、最高体温、引流液量、吻合口狭窄发生率、再手术率及痊愈时间。结果 A组住院天数、痊愈时间短于B组,引流液量少于B组,吻合口狭窄发生率、再手术率低于B组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 术后发生肠瘘应立即采用自制双套管及持续低负压冲洗,较传统治疗方式能取得更好的治疗效果。     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗AECOP D合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效分析

目的 研究经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效.方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2017年10月至2020年2月诊治的60例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者病例作为研究对象,采用非随机临床同期对照研究及患者自愿原则法分为氧疗组28例和对照组32例,其中对照组接受无创正压通...     

新生儿呼吸衰竭机械通气撤离后预防拔管失败的临床探讨

目的:探讨加热湿化高流量鼻导管正压通气(humidified high flow nasal cannula,HHFNC)在新生儿呼吸衰竭(respiratory failure)机械通气撤离后预防拔管失败的有效性及临床价值。方法:将接受机械通气的93例诊断为新生儿呼吸衰竭患儿随机分成HHFNC治疗组48例和经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对照组45例,比较两组患儿拔管失败率、病死率及并发症如呼吸暂停、开奶时间、腹胀、鼻粘膜损伤、支气管肺发育不良、早产儿视网膜病变的发生率。结果:HHFNC组患儿在呼吸暂停、腹胀、鼻黏膜损伤、支气管肺发育不良明显低于NCPAP组,差异显著(P<0.05),统计学有意义,在拔管失败率上与NCPAP组无明显差异。结论:HHFNC在治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭经呼吸机治疗撤机后也可代替NCPAP,作为一种新的无创辅助通气方式值得在临床中进一步研究和推广使用。     

Oxygenated right ventricular assist device with a percutaneous dual-lumen cannula as a bridge to lung transplantation

BackgroundOxygenated right ventricular assist device (oxyRVAD) placement has become more streamlined with the introduction of the dual-lumen pulmonary artery cannula. Peripherally cannulated oxyRVAD may provide oxygenation support with right heart support as an alternative to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation.MethodsA single-institution, retrospective analysis was performed on patients placed on oxyRVAD with a dual-lumen pulmonary artery cannula with the intention of bridging to lung transplantation in 2019.ResultsFour patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were placed on oxyRVAD as a bridge to transplantation. Two patients were extubated and ambulated while waiting for a lung offer, and two patients required conversion to venoarteriovenous ECMO (VAV ECMO) from oxyRVAD. The median waiting time for extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was 42 h. All patients underwent double lung transplantation. Two patients stayed on oxyRVAD, and one patient was placed on venovenous ECMO (VV ECMO) after transplantation. Primary graft dysfunction score at 72 h after transplantation was grade 1 in three patients and grade 3 in one patient.ConclusionsPeripherally cannulated oxyRVAD with percutaneous dual-lumen venous cannula could be an ambulatory bridge for lung transplantation. It is unknown whether oxyRVAD is feasible as a long-term bridge to lung transplantation.     

昏迷患者院前转诊气道管理的方案比较

目的 探讨对昏迷患者院前急救转运最佳气道管理方案.方法 选取2005~2010年院前昏迷患者127例(格拉斯评分8以下),分别给于口咽通气管(A组)、普通喉罩(B组)及气管插管(C组),根据病情常规治疗,观察一次性置管时间、院前重复置管及安全转运.结果 口咽通气管组和普通喉罩组一次性置管时间明显少于气管插管组(P<0.01),然而安全转运成功率气管插管组较口咽通气管组和普通喉罩组有明显优势(P<0.05).结论 气管插管组对院前昏迷患者安全转诊提供较安全的气道保护.     

A case series of paediatric high flow nasal cannula therapy

IntroductionHigh flow nasal cannula is an emerging treatment option in Paediatric Intensive Care Units for paediatric patients in acute respiratory distress. Yet there is a paucity of literature describing its clinical application in various presenting pathophysiologies.AimTo describe three cases with differing underlying pathophysiologies and their response to high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy.MethodPatients admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with bronchiolitis, asthma and cardiomyopathy, and treated with high flow nasal cannula therapy were searched in the Paediatric Intensive Care database. The most representative cases were chosen to review.ResultsOne infant and two children were reviewed. All were commenced on high flow nasal cannula therapy in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and all demonstrated an improvement in their work of breathing. There was also a substantial improvement in their haemodynamic status. No patient required escalation to other forms of respiratory therapy.ConclusionHigh flow nasal cannula therapy is a viable treatment option for a range of patients presenting to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with acute respiratory distress. More invasive methods of respiratory support may be avoided by the use of high flow nasal cannula therapy.     

Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula on pulmonary rehabilitation in subjects with chronic respiratory failure

BackgroundThe effects of exercise training using both high fraction of inspired oxygen (F_IO₂) and high flow oxygen delivered through a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on exercise capacity in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) are unknown.MethodsIn this randomized study, 32 patients with CRF receiving LTOT were assigned to undergo 4 weeks of exercise training on a cycle ergometer using an HFNC (flow: 50 L/min) with a F_IO₂ of 1.0 (HFNC group; n = 16) or ordinary supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula (flow: 6 L/min) (oxygen group; n = 16). A 6-min walking test and a constant-load test were performed before and after 4 weeks of exercise training.ResultsFollowing 4 weeks of exercise training, change in the 6-min walking distance was significantly greater in the HFNC than in the oxygen group (55.2 ± 69.6 m vs. −0.5 ± 87.3 m; p = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the degree of improvement in the duration of the constant-load exercise test after exercise training.ConclusionsConsidering the effect on daily activities (e.g., walking), exercise training using both high F_IO₂ and high flow through an HFNC is a potentially superior exercise training modality for patients with CRF receiving LTOT.Clinical Trial Registration — http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02804243     

Endonasal Skull Base Tumor Removal Using Concentric Tube Continuum Robots: A Phantom Study

Objectives The purpose of this study is to experimentally evaluate the use of concentric tube continuum robots in endonasal skull base tumor removal. This new type of surgical robot offers many advantages over existing straight and rigid surgical tools including added dexterity, the ability to scale movements, and the ability to rotate the end effector while leaving the robot fixed in space. In this study, a concentric tube continuum robot was used to remove simulated pituitary tumors from a skull phantom. Design The robot was teleoperated by experienced skull base surgeons to remove a phantom pituitary tumor within a skull. Percentage resection was measured by weight. Resection duration was timed. Setting Academic research laboratory. Main Outcome Measures Percentage removal of tumor material and procedure duration. Results Average removal percentage of 79.8 ± 5.9% and average time to complete procedure of 12.5 ± 4.1 minutes (n = 20). Conclusions The robotic system presented here for use in endonasal skull base surgery shows promise in improving the dexterity, tool motion, and end effector capabilities currently available with straight and rigid tools while remaining an effective tool for resecting the tumor.