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991.
992.
Ogier A Franco MA Charpilienne A Cohen J Pothier P Kohli E 《European journal of immunology》2005,35(7):2122-2130
Virus-like particles containing the rotavirus (RV) internal proteins VP2 and VP6 (2/6-VLP) have been shown to induce serum and fecal antibodies as well as protection in mice after intranasal administration with a mutant of E. coli toxin, LT-R192G. To better understand the origin of fecal IgA induced by this protocol, we studied the RV-specific B cell response in systemic and mucosal lymphoid tissues using a flow cytometry assay that allows quantification and phenotypic characterization of RV-specific B lymphocytes. We also assessed the RV-specific antibody-secreting cells in the spleen and intestinal lamina propria (ILP). A remarkably high frequency of RV-specific B cells was found in the respiratory lymphoid tissues and spleen, of which only a minority expressed the alpha4beta7 integrin (intestinal homing receptor). In contrast, but in accordance with alpha4beta7 expression at the induction site, a very low response was observed in intestinal lymphoid tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes and ILP), which did not increase after a second immunization. Thus, intranasal immunization with a nonreplicating antigen does not induce an important number of RV-specific B cells with an intestinal homing profile. 相似文献
993.
Activation of protease-activated receptor 2 stimulates proliferation and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion of endometriotic stromal cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hirota Y Osuga Y Hirata T Harada M Morimoto C Yoshino O Koga K Yano T Tsutsumi O Taketani Y 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2005,20(12):3547-3553
BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been proposed to play essential roles in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, in which neutrophils and mast cells have been suggested to be involved. We studied whether the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), which is activated by enzymes from neutrophils and mast cells, in endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) has any implication in the development of the disease. METHODS: Cultured ESC were stimulated with various concentrations of a specific PAR2 agonist peptide. Proliferating activity of the cells was determined using immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a cell proliferation marker), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA and cell count. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The phosphorylation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), i.e. p38 MAPK, p42/44 MAPK and stress-activated protein Kinase/c-jun N terminal Kinase, in ESC was examined with Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Activation of PAR2 stimulated the proliferation of ESC and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 from ESC in a dose-dependent manner. Activation of PAR2 stimulated the phosphorylation of all three MAPK, and inhibitors of each MAPK suppressed the PAR2 activation-induced proliferation of ESC. CONCLUSIONS: The activation of PAR2 in ESC may be involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis by inducing the growth and inflammation of endometriotic lesions. 相似文献
994.
Unrelated patients with achromatopsia, macular degeneration with onset under age 50 years, cone degeneration or dysfunction, cone-rod degeneration, or macular malfunction were screened for mutations in the three genes known to be associated with achromatopsia: the GNAT2 gene encoding the alpha subunit of cone transducin and the CNGA3 and CNGB3 genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of the cone cGMP-gated cation channel. We found no examples of patients with GNAT2 mutations. Out of 36 achromats, 12 (33%) had mutations in CNGA3 (13 different mutations including five novel mutations) and 12 (33%) had mutations in CNGB3 (six different mutations including four novel mutations). All achromats with CNG mutations had residual, presumably cone function as determined by computer-averaged 30-Hz electroretinograms (ERGs). There was considerable variability in acuity and color vision, with most patients having acuities of 20/200-20/400 and complete absence of color perception, and others having acuities of 20/25-20/40 and some color vision. Two pseudodominant achromatopsia cases were uncovered, both with CNGA3 mutations, including one family in which some compound heterozygotes with achromatopsia mutations were clinically unaffected. We found two novel CNGB3 changes in three patients with juvenile macular degeneration, a phenotype not previously associated with mutations in the cone channel subunits. These patients had subnormal acuity (20/30-20/60), normal to subnormal color vision, and normal to subnormal full-field cone ERG amplitudes. Our results indicate that some patients with channel protein mutations retain residual foveal cone function. Based on our findings, CNGB3 should be considered as a candidate gene to be evaluated in patients with forms of cone dysfunction, including macular degeneration. 相似文献
995.
Classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is characterized by fragile and hyperextensible skin, atrophic scarring, and joint hypermobility. Mutations in the COL5A1 and the COL5A2 gene encoding the alpha1(V) and the alpha2(V) chains, respectively, of type V collagen have been shown to cause the disorder, but it is unknown what proportion of classic EDS patients carries a mutation in these genes. We studied fibroblast cultures from 48 patients with classic EDS by SDS-PAGE for the presence of type V collagen defects. An abnormal collagen pattern was detected in only 2 out of 48 cell lines, making this a poor method for routine diagnostic evaluation. A total of 42 out of 48 (88%) patients were heterozygous for an expressed polymorphic variant in COL5A1. cDNA from 18 (43%) of them expressed only one COL5A1 allele. In 37 patients, the COL5A1/A2 genes were then analyzed by SSCP and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE). A total of 26 patients that were mutation-negative after SSCP/CSGE screening were reanalyzed by dHPLC. In addition, 11 other patients were analyzed by dHPLC only. In total, 17 mutations leading to a premature stop codon and five structural mutations were identified in the COL5A1 and the COL5A2 genes. In three patients with a positive COL5A1 null-allele test, no causal mutation was found. Overall, in 25 out of 48 patients (52%) with classic EDS, an abnormality in type V collagen was confirmed. Variability in severity of the phenotype was observed, but no significant genotype-phenotype correlations emerged. The relatively low mutation detection rate suggests that other genes are involved in classic EDS. We excluded the COL1A1, COL1A2, and DCN gene as major candidate genes for classic EDS, since no causal mutation in these genes was found in a number of patients who tested negative for COL5A1 and COL5A2. 相似文献
996.
目的探讨2型糖尿病(DM)患者血管内皮细胞损伤与血白介素6(IL-6)的关系及其意义。方法检测45例2型DM患者及20例正常人外周血IL-6和循环内皮细胞(CEC)水平并进行比较。结果①2型DM患者血IL-6和CEC水平高于正常人(P<0.05);②早期糖尿病肾病患者血CEC水平明显高于单纯糖尿病患者(P<0.01);③多元逐步回归分析显示CEC与血IL-6水平和尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)显著相关,标准偏回归系数β分别为0.264(P=0.033)和0.545(P=0.000)。结论2型糖尿病血管内皮细胞损伤与体内IL-6升高有密切关系,并在糖尿病肾病的发病过程中起一定作用。 相似文献
997.
Echwald SM Andersen KL Sørensen TI Larsen LH Andersen T Tonooka N Tomura H Takeda J Pedersen O 《Human mutation》2004,24(5):381-387
Variations of the small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) gene, an atypical nuclear receptor that inhibits transactivation by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha, are associated with obesity among Japanese. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of SHP variants among obese Danish men. Using combined SSCP and heteroduplex analysis, we analyzed the entire coding region of SHP for variants in a cohort of 750 Danish men with early-onset obesity and genotyped a cohort of 795 nonobese control subjects using PCR-RFLP. Functional analyses of the identified coding region variants were performed in both MIN6-m9 and HepG2 cell lines. A total of five novel variants, including three missense variants (c.100C>G [p.R34G], c.278G>A [p.G93D], and c.415C>A [p.P139H]) and two silent variants (c.65C>T [p.Y22Y] and c.339G>A [p.P113P]) were identified. Moreover, the previously reported c.512G>C [p.G171A] polymorphism was identified. The 171A allele was not associated with obesity (p = 0.07). The 34G, 93D, and 139H-alleles were rare variants, which were found only among obese subjects. Among the four coding region variants, the 93D-allele showed a reduced in vitro inhibition of the HNF-4alpha transactivation of the HNF-1alpha promoter expression when expressed in MIN6-m9 and HepG2 cell lines (p<0.01). In contrast to reported findings among obese Japanese, functional variants are rare among Danish men. A functional 93D variant of SHP was identified in 1 out of 750 obese and in none of 795 nonobese control subjects. Further large-scale population studies are necessary to assess the clinical impact of this rare variant on obesity risk among European subjects. 相似文献
998.
H. Fujiwara M. Emi H. Nagai T. Nishimura N. Konishi Y. Kubota T. Ichikawa S. Takahashi T. Shuin T. Habuchi O. Ogawa K. Inoue M. H. Skolnick J. Swensen N. J. Camp S. V. Tavtigian 《Journal of human genetics》2002,47(12):0641-0648
The recently identified prostate cancer susceptibility gene ELAC2 (HPC2) harbors two common missense variants, a serine to leucine substitution at residue 217 (Leu217) and an alanine to threonine
substitution at residue 541 (Thr541). We genotyped the two variants in a Japanese cohort consisting of 350 prostate cancer
patients 242 male population controls, and 114 male low-risk controls. Both missense alleles, Leu217 and Thr541, were carried
at higher frequency in Japanese patients than in the controls (Leu217, P = 0.0012; Thr541, P = 0.0145), and the odds ratios associated with carrying these sequence variants were higher in Japanese than in Caucasians.
Although the Leu217 and Thr541 variants of ELAC2 are less common in Japanese than in Caucasians, both variants confer significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in Japanese.
Carriage of these variants was not associated with age at diagnosis, tumor stage, or tumor grade in these Japanese prostate
cancer patients. The allele-specific pattern of risk observed in Japanese and familial Caucasian patients was qualitatively
similar; however, the magnitude of that risk was considerably greater in Japanese than in Caucasians.
Received: September 3, 2002 / Accepted: October 2, 2002 相似文献
999.
目的探讨细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4融合蛋白(CTLA-4Ig)对活动期狼疮肾炎(LN)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)细胞表面B7-1(CD80)和B7-2(CD86)表达的影响及其对抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体和免疫球蛋白产生的影响。方法将18例活动期LN患者的抗凝血标本随机分为LN的CTLA-4Ig处理组(LN-T组9例)和普通培养组(LN-NC组9例)。另以14例正常人的抗凝血标本为对照,随机分为正常人的CTLA-4Ig处理组(NC-T组7例)和普通培养组(NC-NC组7例)。用密度梯度离心法分离PBMC。处理组加入CTLA-4Ig(10ng/L)、普通培养组加入等量普通培养基37℃孵育72h后,采用流式细胞仪技术检测PBMC细胞表面B7-1和B7-2分子的表达;ELISA法检测孵育液中抗dsDNA抗体、IgG及IgM水平。结果活动期LN患者CTLA-4Ig处理组与普通培养组比较,PB-MC表面B7-2分子表达明显下降(P<0.01);B7-1分子表达无显著变化(P>0.05);孵育液中抗dsD-NA抗体、IgG及IgM的生成均明显减少(P<0.01)。而正常人的两组间各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CTLA-4Ig可抑制活动期LN患者的PBMC表面B7-2分子的表达,并可减少其抗dsDNA抗体、IgG及IgM的分泌。 相似文献
1000.
Epithelial junctions play crucial roles during metazoan evolution and development by facilitating tissue formation, maintenance, and function. Little is known about the role of distinct types of junctions in controlling epithelial transformations leading to invasion of neighboring tissues. Discovering the key junction complexes that control these processes and how they function may also provide mechanistic insight into carcinoma cell invasion. Here, using the Drosophila ovary as a model, we show that four proteins of the basolateral junction (BLJ), Fasciclin-2, Neuroglian, Discs-large, and Lethal-giant-larvae, but not proteins of other epithelial junctions, directly suppress epithelial tumorigenesis and invasion. Remarkably, the expression pattern of Fasciclin-2 predicts which cells will invade. We compared the apicobasal polarity of BLJ tumor cells to border cells (BCs), an epithelium-derived cluster that normally migrates during mid-oogenesis. Both tumor cells and BCs differentiate a lateralized membrane pattern that is necessary but not sufficient for invasion. Independent of lateralization, derepression of motility pathways is also necessary, as indicated by a strong linear correlation between faster BC migration and an increased incidence of tumor invasion. However, without membrane lateralization, derepression of motility pathways is also not sufficient for invasion. Our results demonstrate that spatiotemporal patterns of basolateral junction activity directly suppress epithelial invasion by organizing the cooperative activity of distinct polarity and motility pathways. 相似文献