FISH mapping of bovine zinc finger protein 164 (U23) and X81804 (U9) genes to river buffalo chromosomes 17 and 18 respectively

There is not abstractThis revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水牛角马鞭草汤治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效观察

目的观察水牛角马鞭草汤治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效。方法将55例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用水牛角马鞭草汤辨证加减治疗,对照组采用肾上腺皮质激素为主进行治疗,观察比较2组的治疗效果和复发率。结果治疗组显效率71.4%,对照组55.6%,2组比较有统计意义(P0.05)。随访2年,治疗组复发率3.6%,对照组37.0%,2组比较有高度统计意义(P0.01)。结论水牛角马鞭草汤治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜效果显著且复发率低。     

Triacylglycerols, fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in Italian Mozzarella di Bufala Campana cheese

Water buffalo Mozzarella di Bufala Campana, a protected designation of origin (PDO) cheese that complies with European Union legislation, has shown potential nutritional value for its conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content. In the current study, triacylglycerols (TAGs) and fatty acids (FAs) in commercial samples of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana were characterized over a 1-year period. The distribution of TAGs represented by CN, where N equals the number of carbon atoms, ranged between N = 24 and N = 56. The TAG and FA pattern in Mozzarella di Bufala Campana was similar to the pattern of the parent milk and the bovine counterparts. The data acquired over four seasons showed a significant difference between winter-spring and summer-autumn water buffalo milk fat composition. Using high-resolution gas chromatography, a cis9-trans11 C18:2 isomer was found to represent approximately 80% of the total CLA fraction.     

Onset and sequence of RBA-band replication on the inactive X-chromosomes of cattle (Bos taurus L.), river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.)

This study was undertaken to provide cytogenetic information about onset and sequence of RBA-band replication on the inactive X-chromosomes of cattle, river buffalo and goat. Blood cultures were synchronized overnight with thymidine after 48 hours of growth. The cell block was released with fresh medium and the cells allowed to grow in the presence of BrdU and H33258 for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 hours, including 20 minutes colcemide. Results show that: (a) the onset of RBA-banding replication was 12 hours before mitosis in cattle and river buffalo, 14 hours in the goat; (b) the replication process was still on in cattle and river buffalo one hour before mitosis, whereas it was off in the goat; consequently the length of the G2 phase was less than one hour in cattle and river buffalo and one hour or slightly longer in the goat; (c) the first band undergoing replication was identified as band Xq31 in cattle, homologous to band Xq34-36 in river buffalo and Xq24 in the goat; (d) the second replicating band was the Xp22 in cattle, homologous to band Xq21 in river buffalo and Xq34 in the goat, respectively; (e) the sequence of RBA-band replication was quite similar between cattle and river buffalo, but reversed in the goat, due to the wide chromosomal rearrangements which differentiated the X-chromosome of Caprinae from that of Bovinae.     

Prevalence of Dermatophytes and Other Keratinophilic Fungi in Soil and Dried Dung of the Premises of Buffalo Sheds. Die Verbreitung von Dermatophyten und anderen keratinophilen Pilzen im Boden und getrocknetem Dung in der Umgebung von Büffelställen

Summary: A total of 392 samples of soil, 284 of dried dung, 60 of concentrates, 38 of chopped straw and 17 of green fodder from the premises of buffalo sheds were examined. One hundred eighty one samples (46.2%) of soil and 80 (28.2%) samples of dried dung were found to be positive for dermatophytes and Chrysosporium spp. Other samples yielded no such fungus. The prevalence of fungi isolated are as follows: Soil: Chrysosporium spp. 28.6%, Microsporum gypseum 11.7%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (granular) 3.1%, T. terrestre 1,5%, M. vanbreuseghemii 0.8%, Keratinomyces ajelloi 0.5%. Dried dung: Chrysosporium spp. 22.2%, M. gypseum 4.2%, T. mentagrophytes 1.4%. The fungi were found to be present throughout the year in soil and dung with a higher frequency during autumn and winter months. The isolation frequency of the fungi could not be related to pH reaction of the substrates, the values being alkaline in almost all samples of soil and dried dung. Zusammenfassung: Insgesamt 392 Bodenproben, 284 Proben von getrocknetem Dung, 60 Proben Futterkonzentrat, 38 Proben Strohhäcksel und 17 Proben Grünfutter von Grundstücken mit Büffelställen wurden auf keratinophile Pilze untersucht. Aus 181 Bodenproben (46.2%) und aus 80 Dungproben (28.2%) wurden Dermatophyten und Chrysosporium spp. isoliert. In den übrigen Proben waren Keratinophile nicht nachweisbar. Die Häufigkeit der Pilzisolate war wie folgt: Boden: Chrysosporium spp. 28.6%, Microsporum gypseum 11.7%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (granulär) 3.1%, T. terrestre 1.5%, M. vanbreuseghemii 0.8%, Keratinomyces ajelioi 0.5%. Dung: Chrysosporium spp. 22.2%, M. gypseum 4.2%, T. mentagrophytes 1.4%. Die Pilze waren das ganze Jahr über nachweisbar, in größerer Häufigkeit während der Herbst- und Wintermonate. Die Häufigkeit der Pilzisolierungen hing nicht vom ph-Wert der Substrate ab, die in fast allen Boden- und Dungproben alkalische Werte aufwiesen.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 protein and subunits (S100-alpha and S100-beta) in the swamp-type water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testis

The distribution and localization of S-100 protein (S-100) and its subunits (S100-alpha and S100-beta) in the testis of swamp-type water buffalo were investigated using immunohistochemistry. S-100 was detected in the Sertoli cells in the convoluted seminiferous tubules, modified Sertoli cells lining the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubules and in the intratesticular excurrent ducts (straight tubules and rete testis). S100-beta showed the same distribution and localization with that of S-100. However, the cytoplasmic extension of the Sertoli cells in S100-beta staining showed less staining intensity compared with that of S-100. S100-alpha showed a positive staining only in the modified Sertoli cells of the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubule. Endothelial cells of blood vessels were also positive with the proteins while the Leydig and spermatogenic cells showed a negative reaction. The localization of S-100 in the testis of the water buffalo was in parallel with that of other artiodactyls which supports the hypothesis that this protein is a multifunctional protein. S100-beta in the Sertoli cells suggests that this protein is involved in establishing blood-testis barrier. Its presence in the modified Sertoli cells and in the epithelium of the excurrent ducts suggest secretory and absorptive function, respectively. Meanwhile, S100-alpha, which was detected only in the modified Sertoli cells, is involved in the secretory activity of these cells that are related to exocrine function.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定破伤风合剂中大黄素含量

目的：采用反相高效液相色谱法测定破伤风合剂中大黄素含量，以控制该制剂的质量。方法：用C18化学键合硅胶柱分离大黄素，以甲醇 0.1%的磷酸溶液(85∶15)为流动相，检测波长为290 nm。结果：线性范围为0.019 5～0.175 5 μg，大黄素的平均回收率97.3%，RSD＝3.29%(n＝5)。结论：反相高效液相色谱法简便快捷，精密度和稳定性良好，适合于破伤风合剂的质量控制。     

日本血吸虫SjCTPI-Hsp70 DNA疫苗与白细胞介素12对水牛的联合免疫保护作用研究

目的 探讨中国大陆株日本血吸虫磷酸丙糖异构酶-热激蛋白（SjCTPI-Hsp70）DNA疫苗联合佐剂白细胞介素-12（IL-12）质粒DNA对水牛的免疫保护作用。 方法 实验采用双盲法，所用疫苗及制剂均在实验结束后解码。将购自非血吸虫病流行区45头8～10月龄健康水牛随机分为 A组（SjCTPI-Hsp70+IL-12，300 μg）、B组（SjCTPI+IL-12， 300 μg）和C组（空质粒pVAX+IL-12， 300 μg）等3组（每组15头），每头牛分别经肩部肌肉注射免疫3次，每次间隔28 d。末次免疫后28 d，每头牛经大腿内侧皮肤感染日本血吸虫尾蚴1 000条。解剖前2 d及当天分别收集粪便1次，用定量法计数虫卵和毛蚴。攻击感染后56 d解剖，用生理盐水经胸主动脉灌冲法收集、计数成虫，检测每克肝组织虫卵数。 结果 A、B组减虫率分别为51.2％和41.5％（χ²=1.89，P＞0.05），减雌虫率分别为48.9％和44.7％（χ²=0.35，P＞0.05），减粪卵率分别为52.1％和38.3％（χ²=3.84，P＜0.05），减毛蚴率为52.1％和33.2%（χ2=7.30，P＜0.01）及减肝卵率为61.5％和42.0％（χ²=7.61，P＜0.01）。 结论 用SjCTPI?鄄Hsp70+IL-12免疫水牛可获得一定的免疫保护性作用。     

Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa Seeds Aqueous Extract and its use for cryopreservation of buffalo spermatozoa

The free radical scavenging activity (RSA) of Nigella sativa extract and its efficiency for cryopreservation of buffalo spermatozoa was investigated. In experiment 1, Nigella sativa extract was prepared and evaluated for RSA using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay. The results showed increased pattern of RSA at 1%–5% of Nigella sativa extract. In experiment 2, buffalo semen from three bulls (24 ejaculates) was incubated at 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% extract to assess in vitro tolerability to Nigella sativa in terms of progressive motility (PM). Buffalo spermatozoa showed tolerance to all levels; rather, sperm PM was increased at 1%–4% extract. In experiment 3, semen from three bulls (24 ejaculates) was cryopreserved with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of Nigella sativa extract. Sperm PM and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were evaluated after dilution and cooling, while PM, PMI, viability and DNA integrity were evaluated after thawing. Nigella sativa extract at 4% in extender improved (p < .05) post‐dilution, post‐cooling and post‐thaw sperm quality. In conclusion, Nigella sativa extract at all concentrations (1%–6%) showed antioxidant activity and its supplementation at 4% in extender improved buffalo sperm quality at all stages of cryopreservation.     

Evaluation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and their parasite strain specificity from African buffalo infected with Theileria parva

Theileria parva-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes and their precursors were examined in the blood of African buffalo infected with T. parva and uninfected African buffalo. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from eight of 11 infected buffalo were found to have potent cytotoxic activity after stimulation with autologous parasitized cells for 6 days in vitro, while PBM from uninfected buffalo or PBM from infected buffalo not stimulated in vitro had no cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic activity was specific for parasitized cells and genetically restricted since there was no killing on uninfected autologous lymphoblasts and a lower percentage of killing on parasitized allogeneic lymphocytes than on targets of autologous parasitized cells. The cytotoxic cells tested for parasite strain specificity were shown to kill autologous cells transformed with different stocks of both cattle-derived (T. parva parva) and buffalo-derived (T. parva lawrencei) parasites.