3种天然彩色豆腐的加工工艺

以青菜和芦蒿混合汁、胡萝卜汁、黑芝麻汁和大豆为原料 ,研制了 3种天然彩色豆腐 ,得到了其最佳生产工艺参数 .该产品改变了传统豆腐原有的色泽和风味 ,营养更丰富 ,膳食结构更为合理     

Dubin-Johnson-like black liver with normal bilirubin level

Black liver is a common finding in Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS), which is caused by the lack of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). Impaired excretion of epinephrine metabolites is believed to be a cause of black liver in DJS. Recently, we experienced a patient with black liver whose serum bilirubin level was normal. Coarse brown granules were observed in the hepatocytes, and this finding closely resembled that observed in DJS. However, the granules were negative for Schmorl staining. The MRP2 gene did not show any mutation. Immunostaining study demonstrated MRP2 protein expression in the liver, and it was localized in the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes. This case illustrates for the first time that DJS is not the only cause of black liver.     

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Increasing awareness regarding fossil fuel dependence, waste valorization, and greenhouse gas emissions have prompted the emergence of new solutions for numerous markets over the last decades. The tire industry is no exception to this, with a global production of more than 1.5 billion tires per year raising environmental concerns about their end-of-life recycling or disposal. Pyrolysis enables the recovery of both energy and material from end-of-life tires, yielding valuable gas, liquid, and solid fractions. The latter, known as recovered carbon black (rCB), has been extensively researched in the last few years to ensure its quality for market applications. These studies have shown that rCB quality depends on the feedstock composition and pyrolysis conditions such as type of reactor, temperature range, heating rate, and residence time. Recent developments of activation and demineralization techniques target the production of rCB with specific chemical, physical, and morphological properties for singular applications. The automotive industry, which is the highest consumer of carbon black, has set specific targets to incorporate recycled materials (such as rCB) following the principles of sustainability and a circular economy. This review summarizes the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires for the production of syngas, oil, and rCB, focusing on the process conditions and product yield and composition. A further analysis of the characteristics of the solid material is performed, including their influence on the rCB application as a substitute of commercial CB in the tire industry. Purification and modification post-treatment processes for rCB upgrading are also inspected.     

Ranitidine‐induced black tongue: A case report

Black tongue is a rare, benign, self‐limiting disorder caused by certain conditions and some medications. We report the first case of a child diagnosed with black tongue associated with ranitidine use. We report our case to emphasize the rare side effect of this frequently used drug. Health care professionals should be aware of the likelihood of ranitidine‐induced black tongue in clinical practice.     

Blackcurrant seed oil for prevention of atopic dermatitis in newborns: a randomized,double‐blind,placebo‐controlled trial

Background The present increased incidence of atopic diseases has been associated with an altered intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs). The composition of blackcurrant seed oil (BCSO) corresponds to the recommended dietary intake of EFAs, and as a dietary supplement could, in small doses, modify the imbalance of EFAs in an efficient way. Objective To assess the effect of dietary supplementation with BCSO on the prevalence of atopy at 12 months of age. Methods Three hundred and thirteen pregnant mothers were randomly assigned to receive BCSO (151) or olive oil as placebo (162). The first doses were administered at 8th–16th weeks of pregnancy and were continued until the cessation of breastfeeding, followed by supplementation to the infants until the age of 2 years. Atopic dermatitis and its severity (SCORAD index) were evaluated, serum total IgE was measured and skin tests were performed at the age of 3, 12 and 24 months. Results Parental atopy was common (81.7%) among study subjects, making them infants with increased atopy risk. There was a significantly lower prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the BCSO group than in the olive oil group at the age of 12 months (33.0% vs. 47.3%, P=0.035). SCORAD was also lower in the BCSO group than in the olive oil group at 12 months of age (P=0.035). No significant differences in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis were observed between the groups at the age of 24 months (P=0.18). Conclusion Dietary supplementation with BCSO was well tolerated and it transiently reduced the prevalence of atopic dermatitis. It could therefore be one potential tool in the prevention of atopic symptoms when used at an early stage of life. (Registration number SRCTN14869647, http://www.controlled‐trials.com ) Cite this as: P. Linnamaa, J. Savolainen, L. Koulu, S. Tuomasjukka, H. Kallio, B. Yang, T. Vahlberg and R. Tahvonen, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1247–1255.     

“Spider Bite” Lesions are Usually Diagnosed as Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections

Background: Many people seek medical attention for skin lesions and other conditions they attribute to spider bites. Prior experience suggests that many of these lesions have alternate causes, especially infections with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Objectives: This study determined the percentage of emergency department (ED) patients reporting a “spider bite” who received a clinical diagnosis of spider bite by their physician vs. other etiologies, and if the diagnoses correlated with demographic risk factors for developing CA-MRSA infections. Methods: ED patients who reported that their condition was caused by a “spider bite” were prospectively enrolled in an anonymous, voluntary survey regarding details of their illness and demographic information. Discharge diagnoses were also collected and categorized as: spider bite, bite from other animal (including unknown arthropod), infection, or other diagnosis. Results: There were 182 patients enrolled over 23 months. Seven patients (3.8%) were diagnosed with actual spider bites, 9 patients (4.9%) with bites from other animals, 156 patients (85.7%) with infections, and 6 patients (3.3%) were given other diagnoses. Four patients were given concurrent diagnoses in two categories, and 8 (4.4%) did not have the diagnosis recorded on the data collection instrument. No statistically significant associations were found between the patients' diagnostic categories and the demographic risk factors for CA-MRSA assessed. Conclusion: ED patients reporting a “spider bite” were most frequently diagnosed with skin and soft-tissue infections. Clinically confirmed spider bites were rare, and were caused by black widow spiders when the species could be identified.     

Antihypercholesterolemic effect of Chinese black tea extract in human subjects with borderline hypercholesterolemia

A water-soluble extract of a traditional Chinese black tea (Pu-Ehr) has been shown to precipitate mixed bile salt micelles in foods. In addition, long-term ingestion of this black tea extract (BTE) significantly reduces blood cholesterol levels in rats. We investigated the effects of BTE tablets (a formula designed to enhance compliance) as a dietary supplement in a 3-month double-blind randomized group comparison study in borderline hypercholesterolemic human subjects (n = 47). All subjects ingested BTE tablets (333 mg) or placebo 3 times daily before meals for 3 months. In the BTE-treated group, the initial mean blood total (6.14 ± 0.14 mol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (4.32 ± 0.14 mol/L) levels decreased with time and were significantly (P < .01) lower (total cholesterol, 5.62 ± 0.11; LDL cholesterol, 3.81 ± 0.13 mol/L) after 3 months of ingestion. Furthermore, the mean body weights (P < .05) and triacylglycerol levels (P < .01) were also significantly reduced after 3 months of BTE intake compared with the baseline levels. Significant improvements in the mean LDL cholesterol, body weight, and triacylglycerol values were not accompanied with undesirable changes in other biochemical parameters measured in the subjects. None of the subjects complained of any adverse effects (eg, abdominal distension). The results indicate that BTE intake elicited a significant antihypercholesterolemic effect and might be useful for improving blood cholesterol levels in subjects at risk for heart disease or obesity.     

黑大豆种皮花色苷体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:探讨黑大豆种皮花色苷(BSCA)的体外抗氧化作用。方法:采用化学模拟体系测定其总抗氧化能力、还原力以及清除DPPH.能力;体外动物实验研究了BSCA对37℃孵育后肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、以及37℃孵育后H2O2诱导的脂质过氧化产物MDA的生成和红细胞溶血的影响。结果:BSCA(390ng/ml)的氧自由基清除活性(ORAC)值为4.63U/ml,其总抗氧化能力强于同浓度的维生素C,其还原力与浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.01),对DPPH.具有较强的清除能力,且可增强GSH-Px活力,抑制MDA的产生和红细胞(RBC)溶血。结论:认为BSCA具有较强的抗氧化作用。     

膳食补充黑米皮对冠心病患者血浆中氧化应激、炎症和脂质水平的影响

 [目的]给予冠心病患者日常膳食中补充黑米米皮,评价其是否可以增强患者体内的抗氧化能力并降低其炎症及血脂水平。[方法]在中山大学附属第二医院心血管内科选取60例年龄为45～75岁的冠心病患者,采用随机对照原则将患者分入2组,30例在常规治疗的基础上每日膳食额外补充10g黑米米皮为干预组,余30例在常规治疗的基础上每日膳食额外补充10g白米米皮为对照组。此外,分别从干预组及对照组中选取3名志愿者,在受试者进食前和进食后0.5、1、1.5、2、4h采肘静脉血10mL,通过HPLC法检测患者血浆中的花色苷水平。[结果]经6个月的干预试验后,干预组患者血浆总抗氧化能力升高了（1.3±3.0）kU/L,而对照组则降低了（0.6±1.7）kU/L,两组间患者总抗氧化能力水平的变化值具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;干预组患者治疗后血浆可溶性血管细胞粘附因子、可溶性CD40配体和高敏-C反应蛋白分别从（1.4±0.8）g/L、（8.4±4.1）mg/L和（3.8±1.8）mg/L降至（1.0±0.5）g/L、（5.7±2.4）mg/L和（2.6±1.7）mg/L,与对照组相比较均具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;而两组患者间的血脂、超氧化物歧化酶活性水平的治疗效果无统计学差异。此外,只有在服用了黑米米皮患者血浆中能检测到花色苷（矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷）,其在血浆中的最高浓度为（20.2±3.0）mg/L出现在1.5h,而服用白米米皮的患者血浆中在所有的时间段都未检测到任何的花色苷产物。[结论]膳食补充黑米皮可以作为药物治疗的一种辅助和补充从而增强冠心病患者血浆中的抗氧化能力并改善部分与心血管疾病相关的危险因素,黑米皮对于冠心病患者的保护作用可能与其富含具有抗氧化和抗炎特性的花色苷类物质有关.