奥沙利铂单药治疗Child-Pugh B 级中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的 观察奥沙利铂单药治疗Child-Pugh B 级中晚期原发性肝癌（primary liver cancer,PLC）的疗效及不良反应。方法 将7个肿瘤中心2014年11月—2016年11月接诊的共67例Child-Pugh B 级中晚期PLC,按患者的意愿分为两组：奥沙利铂单药组（治疗组,32例）和对症支持治疗组（观察组,35例）。评价两组客观缓解率（objective remission rate,ORR）、疾病控制率(disease control rate ,DCR)、中位生存时间(median overall survival ,mOS)、中位无进展生存期（median progression free survival,mPFS）、1年存活率（ survival rate,SR）以及不良反应。结果 治疗组32例中,部分缓解（partial remission,PR） 3例,稳定（steady state,SD） 12例,进展（progressive disease,PD） 17例,ORR为9.4％,DCR为46.9％,mOS为6.2个月,mPFS为2.9个月,1年SR为12.5%（4例）;观察组35例中PR 0例,SD 7例,PD 28例,ORR为0.0%,DCR为20.0％,mOS为5.2个月,mPFS为2.1个月,1年SR为5.7%（2例）。两组均无获得完全缓解（complete remission, CR）的患者。两组PR、ORR、DCR、mOS和mPFS比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组1年SR比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.944,P=0.331）,但治疗组有更好的趋势。治疗组32例发生常见的副反应分别为消化道反应15例（46.9%）、肾毒性7例（21.9%）、肝毒性14例（43.8%）、骨髓抑制15例（46.9%）、心脏毒性5例（15.6%）、周围神经毒性9例（28.1%）,大多数为Ⅰ度~Ⅱ度副反应。结论 奥沙利铂单药治疗Child-Pugh B 级中晚期PLC安全有效,多数不良反应较轻,对患者有良好的病情控制和生存获益。     

中药酚性化合物的抗肿瘤机制及制备方法

酚性化合物是许多中药的有效成分,具有抗肿瘤作用。其作用机理为抗氧化作用,抗细胞增殖,诱导细胞调亡,干预细胞转导和增强抑癌基因表达,干预细胞周期等。利用现代分离技术可将其提取并纯化。就酚性化合物抗肿瘤机理和提取纯化方法进行综述。     

银杏叶提取物包合物的制备及其显微验证

目的:制备银杏叶提取物β-环糊精包合物,以增加银杏叶提取物的水溶性,便于制剂应用。方法:用饱和水溶液法制备银杏叶提取物包合物,并尝试采用显微镜下观察所用物料显微性状变化的方法对制备的包合物进行了验证。结果:制备了浅棕色粉末状银杏叶提取物包合物,通过显微镜观察,验证了包合物的形成。结论:β-环糊精能很好的包合黄酮类有效成分;显微镜法为一方便、直观的包合物验证方法,能够对包合物的形成进行验证。     

口服有机磷中毒昏迷患者胃管插入方法探讨

目的 探讨口服有机磷中毒昏迷患者的胃管插入方法。方法 32例口服有机磷中毒并昏迷患者均用直接喉镜打开口咽部，盲插或直视下插入7—8mm内径气管导管20—25cm，观察导管外口是否有气流吹出，如有气流则表示气管导管已入气管内，此时在气管导管旁插入胃管；如导管外口无气流则表示导管已入食管内，此时将胃管从气管导管内插入即可。结果 32例患者中有28例1次插胃管成功，4例因食管痉挛难以插入，后用硬质导丝导引插管成功。结论 直接喉镜经口插胃管法能对中毒昏迷患者快速进行插管抢救。     

急性有机磷农药中毒不同原因昏迷的临床特点

目的分析急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)患者不同原因昏迷的临床特点。方法对我中心2001—2007年收住院抢救的152例AOPP昏迷患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,比较不同原因昏迷患者的临床特点。结果农药所致中枢性昏迷115例,服毒后5～10min出现腹痛、多汗,而后进入昏迷及出现肌肉纤维颤动。中间综合征致昏迷30例,出现于中毒后2～4d,患者不能抬头、呼吸困难、昏迷。阿托品中毒致昏迷4例,有大剂量使用阿托品史,伴有口干、皮肤干燥、脉搏>120次/min、体温上升,出现烦躁、昏迷。肺部感染高热致昏迷3例,患者痰多、高热、昏迷。农药所致中枢性昏迷患者死亡12例,其他原因昏迷患者全部抢救成功。结论AOPP昏迷病情危重,针对不同的原因采取有效的处理方案是抢救成功的关键。     

232户新装修居室空气污染状况及对居民健康的影响

目的调查装修居室室内空气污染状况和动态变化规律与对人体健康的影响。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法对按完成室内装修的时间(超过30 d,不满2年)分成四组进行室内空气质量检测,采用中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所统一设计的《室内环境与居民健康调查表》对被选定的232户住宅中476名长住成人进行现场问卷调查。结果甲醛浓度在装修入住2个月至6个月超标最为严重(P<0.01),以后逐步下降;总挥发性有机物随时间变化超标率逐步下降(P<0.01)。甲醛暴露量与中枢神经系统反应,眼、鼻、喉刺激症状和皮肤过敏反应的发生有关联;随着装修完成时间的延长,居民发生不适症状的相对危险性降低(P<0.01)。结论新装居室室内空气污染严重,对人群健康存在一定的危害。     

突击量氯磷定治疗急性有机磷农药中毒致呼吸肌麻痹76例观察

目的 比较突击量与非突击量氯磷定方案对急性有机磷农药中毒（ＡＯＰＰ）致呼吸肌麻痹（ＲＭＰ）的治疗效果。方法 对７６例ＡＯＰＰ致ＲＭＰ闰人,根据救治时头３ｄ是否应用突击量氯磷定方案或近似突击量氯磷定方案,将病人分为两组。Ａ组３０例,平均年龄２８．９岁。每天氯磷定用量≥１０．０ｇ,平均１１．４ｇ。Ｂ组病人４６例,平均年龄３０．７岁。每天氯磷定用量〈１０．０ｇ,平均６．３ｇ。结果 Ａ组病人自主呼吸恢复时     

Exogenously added BMP-6, BMP-7 and VEGF may not enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells

Abstract

In the present study bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 alone or in synergy with BMP-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested with human adipose stem cells (hASCs) seeded on cell culture plastic or 3D bioactive glass. Osteogenic medium (OM) was used as a positive control for osteogenic differentiation. The same growth factor groups were also tested combined with OM. None of the growth factor treatments could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in 3D- or 2D-culture compared to control or OM. In 3D-culture OM promoted significantly total collagen production, whereas in 2D-culture OM induced high total ALP activity and mineralization compared to control and growth factors groups, but also high cell proliferation. In this study, hASCs did not respond to exogenously added growth although various parameters of the study set-up may have affected these findings contradictory to the previous literature.     

Volatile organic compounds produced by Aureobasidium pullulans induce electrolyte loss and oxidative stress in Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata

Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus that produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with antifungal properties. VOCs have the potential to trigger the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and electrolyte loss in microorganisms. The relationship among A. pullulans VOCs, induced ROS accumulation and electrolyte leakage was investigated in Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata in vitro. Exposure to a mixture of A. pullulans VOCs: ethanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol, resulted in electrolyte leakage in both B. cinerea and A. alternata. Fluorescence microscopy using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate indicated triggered ROS accumulation in exposed fungal mycelia and the presence of the superoxide radical was evident by intense red fluorescence with dihydroethidium. Partial inhibition of enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I of B. cinerea and A. alternata by pre-treatment with rotenone reduced ROS accumulation in hypha exposed to A. pullulans VOCs and reversed the VOCs inhibition of fungal growth. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that B. cinerea and A. alternata hypha exposed to A. pullulans VOCs had altered cell wall structures. Our findings give insights into the potential mechanisms involved in the antifungal properties of A. pullulans in the suppression of B. cinerea and A. alternata growth in vitro.     

Helicobacter pylori infection: A brief overview on alternative natural treatments to conventional therapy

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric pathogen considered as the etiologic agent of several gastric disorders, that may range from chronic gastritis to more severe outcomes, including gastric cancer. The current therapeutic scheme relies on the combination of several pharmacological substances, namely antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. However, the cure rates obtained have been declining over the years, mostly due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In this context, the use of non-antibiotic substances is of the utmost importance regarding H. pylori eradication. In this review, we present different classes of compounds obtained from natural sources that have shown to present anti-H. pylori potential; we briefly highlight their possible use in the context of developing new therapeutic approaches.