Hypersensitivity to benzoyl peroxide in a cemented total knee arthroplasty: cement allergy

A small but significant proportion of cemented total knee arthroplasties develop aseptic loosening. Polyethylene debris is unlikely to be the cause in the small subgroup that experiences early loosening. Allergy to polymethylmethacrylate bone cement or its constituents has been reported in several different industries and in dentistry, dermatology, and joint arthroplasty. Although allergy to polymethylmethacrylate bone cement or its constituents is unusual, the possibility of a systemic inflammatory response and consequent pain and loosening must be considered. We report a case history of a patient who developed a systemic reaction and intractable pain after a total knee arthroplasty who was subsequently shown to be hypersensitive to the benzoyl peroxide component of bone cement.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定乌头不同部位中新乌头碱和乌头碱含量

目的建立RP-HPLC同时测定中药乌头不同部位中新乌头碱和乌头碱的含量。方法采用Kromasil C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以40 mmol乙酸铵缓冲液-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长230 nm,柱温30℃。结果新乌头碱、乌头碱分别在2.61～15.66μg、0.26～1.56μg呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率分别为100.4%（RSD=1.2%）,98.9%（RSD=0.71%）。结论该方法简便、准确,分离效果好,可用于附子中酯型生物碱的定量分析。     

Stability of Benzoyl Peroxide in Aromatic Ester-Containing Topical Formulations

The chemical stability of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was studied in solutions and gels. The solutions (1% w/v) were prepared in single solvents (alcohol USP, isopropyl alcohol USP, ethyl benzoate, C_12–15 alkyl benzoate, dimethyl isosorbide, propylene carbonate, and acetone) and in binary and tertiary combinations of these solvents, with and without the addition of antioxidant(s) (BHT, BHA, eugenol, tert-butyl hydroquinone, Tenox-2?, vitamin E, and vitamin C). The solutions were stored at 37°C for 5 weeks, and each week were analyzed for remaining BPO. Using first-order kinetics, the stability of BPO in solution was found to decrease in the order: ternary >binary >single solvent systems. Regardless of the number of solvents present, the highest stability of BPO (t_1/2 >7.5 weeks) was attained in the presence of ethyl benzoate and C_12–15 alkyl benzoate. The stability of BPO in solution did not change significantly with the addition of most antioxidants. The solutions in which BPO remained most stable were one in alcohol USP-ethyl benzoate-C_12–15 alkyl benzoate (60:20:20; t_1/2 = 18.15 weeks) and another in alcohol USP-C_12–15 alkyl benzoate-isopropanol plus 0.1% BHT (65:20:15; t_1/2 = 12.44 weeks). In turn, these two solutions were converted to homogeneous gels by the addition of Cab-O-Sil?. The chemical stability of BPO in these gels was evaluated at 37°, 45°, 50°, and 55°C for 5 weeks. Parallel experiments were conducted with two commercial BPO products, a 2.5% tinted gel and 5% vanishing lotion. BPO was less stable in commercial products (t_1/2 ≤ 13 weeks) than in the extemporaneously prepared gels (mean t_1/2 ～23 weeks). The present results suggest that aromatic esters can enhance the chemical stability of BPO in solutions and gel formulations to a significant extent.     

Biomimetic conversion of aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids to lactone-type alkaloids

The first biomimetic conversion from the aconitine-type C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids to the corresponding alkaloids of lactone-type C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloid has been achieved. Chasmanine was used as starting material with Baeyer–Villiger oxidation as a key reaction. It was also observed that the oxygenated group at C-16 did not change the relative migration tendencies of C-13 and C-9 during the oxidation. Meantime, a novel D-ring fragmented compound was obtained during the course of the present investigation. The plausible mechanism of the formation of this compound was also proposed.     

高效液相色谱法测定风湿骨痛丸中双酯型生物碱的限度

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定风湿骨痛丸中双酯型生物碱的限度。方法供试品采用超声处理法,双酯型生物碱中三种成分通过菲罗门C18被检测,柱温30℃,以乙腈—四氢呋喃—0.1 mol.L-1的乙酸铵溶液(每1 000 mL中加冰醋酸0.5 mL)(12.5∶7.5∶80)为流动相,检测波长230 nm。结果乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱峰分离度均良好,且无干扰。结论此法准确,重复性好,可用于控制该处方中制川乌、制草乌中双酯型生物碱的限度。     

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical antiacne drugs

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease for which a long-lasting therapy, very often with topical drugs, is necessary. Despite the fact that several topical antiacne drugs (in particular, tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin and erythromycin) are used for many years, often on broad skin surfaces and for long periods of time, their potential for contact sensitization is low. Their potential for phototoxic and photoallergic reactions is also low. Much more frequent is irritant contact dermatitis caused by some of these drugs, in particular, retinoids and benzoyl peroxide, for which the short contact therapy has been recently suggested.     

Relationship of chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity of dihydrocorynantheol and its analogues

BackgroundDihydrocorynantheol (DHC) is an alkaloid compound isolated from Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the modification of the chemical structure of DHC could alter its anti-inflammatory effect in a mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan.MethodsDHC was isolated from Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. Capillary electrophoresis, physical characteristics, spectral data produced by infrared analysis and nuclearmagnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C), andmass spectrometry analysiswere used to identify and elucidate DHC structure. The DHC compound was subjected to chemical structural modifications by nucleophilic substitution reactions, yielding five analogous compounds: acetyl (1), p-methylbenzoyl (2), benzoyl (3), p-methoxybenzoyl (4) and p-chlorobenzoyl (5). Swiss mice were used throughout the experiments. Pro-inflammatory parameters leukocyte migration, exudate concentrations and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were quantified in the fluid leakage from the mouse pleural cavities at 4 h after pleurisy induction.ResultsDHC and its analogues acetyl, p-methylbenzoyl, benzoyl, p-methoxybenzoyl and p-chlorobenzoyl inhibited total and differential leukocyte migration andMPOactivity (p < 0.05). OnlyDHCsignificantly decreased the exudate concentrations (p < 0.01).ConclusionsDHC was more effective than its analogues as an anti-inflammatory agent in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan.We did not determine what physicochemical modifications altered the anti-inflammatory effect of DHC, but this effect may be due to the modifications on the hydroxyl group at carbon 17 of the DHC.     

消炎止痛膏质量标准新研究

目的：建立消炎止痛膏的新质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对方中大黄、黄柏、半夏进行定性鉴别以及对制草乌含乌头碱进行限量测定;用高效液相色谱（HPLC）对制马钱子中的马钱子碱和士的宁进行含量测定。结果：TLC斑点清晰,分离度好;马钱子碱和士的宁进样量都在0.20~2.0μg之间与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系（r=1.000）,马钱子碱的平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为0.86%（n=6）;士的宁的平均回收率为96.6%,RSD为1.20%（n=6）。结论：所建立的标准适用于院内制剂消炎止痛膏的质量控制。     

中药提取物配伍对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231BO细胞侵袭作用的影响及其机制

目的：探讨中药蛇床子、补骨脂、附子有效成分蛇床子素、补骨脂素、乌头碱对乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231BO的侵袭抑制作用及其机制。方法：采用均匀设计实验方案进行组方设计,逐步回归分析拟合蛇床子素、补骨脂素配伍乌头碱的回归方程;采用人乳腺癌骨高转移细胞（MDA-MB-231BO）体外侵袭实验,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测,观察药物处理MDA-MB-231BO细胞后,细胞侵袭作用特点和相关基因的表达。结果：通过逐步回归方程,获取蛇床子素、补骨脂素和乌头碱3个药物的最佳配伍比例为6.44∶8.89∶9.44;有效成分和阳性药物唑来磷酸注射液在体外作用24h可以显著抑制MDA-MB-231BO细胞的侵袭;药物处理组转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1）、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4、Smad7、核因子κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）、NF-κB受体活化因子（receptor activator of NF-κBligand,RANK）mRNA表达量显著降低,最佳药物配伍组和唑来磷酸药物组与空白对照组,最佳药物配伍组与最差药物配伍相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：蛇床子素、补骨脂素、乌头碱配伍应用可显著抑制MDA-MB-231BO细胞侵袭,其机制与抑制TGF-β/Smad的信号转导有关,同时可降低NF-κB和RANK的表达。     

急性乌头碱中毒13例临床分析

目的:总结乌头碱中毒的临床特征和治疗方法,以提高其抢救成功率.方法:回顾性分析我科2010年1月～2011年12月收治的13例乌头碱中毒患者的临床资料.结果:13例均出现心律失常,其中室性早搏10例,频发多源性室早8例,反复室速、室颤3例,窦性心动过缓、房室传导阻滞2例;治愈12例,死亡1例.结论:尽快清除体内毒物、及早血液灌流、积极有效控制各类心律失常等综合治疗是提高乌头碱中毒抢救成功率的关键.