Synthesis and anti-inflammatory,analgesic, and antipyretic activities of N-[β-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-substituted benzoyl)ethyl]amino acids

Alkylation of a number of α-amino acids, as well as β-phenyl-β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid, with the hydrochlorides of p-substituted β-diethylaminopropiophenones resulted in the synthesis of N-[β-(p-substituted benzoyl)ethyl]cysteine, threonine, methionine, isoleucine, asparagine, and glutamine, along with β-phenyl-β-alanine, and γ-aminobutyric acid. The anti-inflammatory activities of the resulting compounds were studied; several of them had moderate anti-inflammatory activity. Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 14–16, January, 2009.     

草乌提取物乌头碱和新乌头碱的透皮速率测定

目的:测定草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱的透皮速率。方法:用改良Franz扩散池法收集草乌提取物的透皮接受液,用高效液相色谱法测定其中乌头碱、新乌头碱的透皮速率。结果:在促透剂氮酮和丙二醇各为4%的条件下,浓度为600mg/ml的草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱24h的累积渗透量分别为165.819和487.747μg/cm2;透皮速率常数分别为18.391和78.805μg·cm-2·h-1。结论:草乌提取物中乌头碱、新乌头碱在氮酮和丙二醇的促透作用下能较好地透过大鼠皮肤,透皮吸收过程符合Higuchi方程。     

微波炮附子炮制工艺影响因素研究

目的探究微波炮附子炮制过程的主要工艺影响因素,为工业化开发奠定基础。方法通过水分比、干燥速率及耗能研究微波炮附子的干燥过程,并以微波炮附子形态以及双酯型生物碱、单酯型生物碱、醇胺型生物碱含量为指标,考察生附片切片厚度、含水量、微波功率、炮制时间对微波炮附子工艺的影响。结果生附片厚度、复水率、微波功率、炮制时间对微波炮附子炮制过程及生物碱含量均有影响。厚度为5 mm,干燥时间短,干燥速率快,耗能小,但是双酯型生物碱含量高,总生物碱含量损失较大。生附片复水率为60%时,干燥时间最短,平均干燥速率为复水率100%复水率60%复水率80%复水率40%;双酯型生物碱含量为复水率60%复水率100%复水率80%复水率40%;总生物碱含量为复水率60%复水率80%≈复水率100%复水率40%;复水率对耗能影响不明显。炮制时间相同时,在微波功率为550 W条件下,微波炮附子干燥时间最短,干燥速率快,双酯型乌头碱含量低,总生物碱含量高,但是随着炮制时间的增加,高功率条件下的附子更容易被炮焦。结论适宜的附片厚度、复水率、微波功率以及炮制时间有助于附子充分减毒,提升微波炮附子产品质量。生附片切片厚度宜选择3 mm,复水率为60%～80%,炮制时间根据微波功率增加,适当减小。     

The use of oral antibiotics in treating acne vulgaris: a new approach

Although acne is not an infectious disease, oral antibiotics have remained a mainstay of treatment over the last 40 years. The anti‐inflammatory properties of oral antibiotics, particularly the tetracyclines, are efficacious in treating inflammatory acne lesions. Common prescribing practices in Dermatology exert significant selection pressure on bacteria, contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic use for acne not only promotes resistance in Propionibacterium acnes, but also affects other host bacteria with pathogenic potential. This review will summarize the commonly used treatments for acne vulgaris, and how they should be combined as rational treatment. The indications for using oral antibiotics in acne will be highlighted. Strategies described in the literature to conserve the utility of oral antibiotics will be summarized. These include limiting the duration of antibiotic therapy, concomitant use of a topical non‐antibiotic agent, use of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline, and the introduction of topical dapsone.     

Relationship of chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity of dihydrocorynantheol and its analogues

BackgroundDihydrocorynantheol (DHC) is an alkaloid compound isolated from Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the modification of the chemical structure of DHC could alter its anti-inflammatory effect in a mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan.MethodsDHC was isolated from Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. Capillary electrophoresis, physical characteristics, spectral data produced by infrared analysis and nuclearmagnetic resonance (¹H and ¹³C), andmass spectrometry analysiswere used to identify and elucidate DHC structure. The DHC compound was subjected to chemical structural modifications by nucleophilic substitution reactions, yielding five analogous compounds: acetyl (1), p-methylbenzoyl (2), benzoyl (3), p-methoxybenzoyl (4) and p-chlorobenzoyl (5). Swiss mice were used throughout the experiments. Pro-inflammatory parameters leukocyte migration, exudate concentrations and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were quantified in the fluid leakage from the mouse pleural cavities at 4 h after pleurisy induction.ResultsDHC and its analogues acetyl, p-methylbenzoyl, benzoyl, p-methoxybenzoyl and p-chlorobenzoyl inhibited total and differential leukocyte migration andMPOactivity (p < 0.05). OnlyDHCsignificantly decreased the exudate concentrations (p < 0.01).ConclusionsDHC was more effective than its analogues as an anti-inflammatory agent in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan.We did not determine what physicochemical modifications altered the anti-inflammatory effect of DHC, but this effect may be due to the modifications on the hydroxyl group at carbon 17 of the DHC.     

过氧化苯甲酰对小鼠肝脏组织损伤作用

目的 探讨面粉增白剂过氧化苯甲酰(benzoyl peroxide,BPO)对小鼠肝脏组织的损伤作用。方法 64只昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组和低、中、高剂量BPO组,分别灌胃给予BPO 50,100和200 mg/kg,每组16只,雌雄各半;灌胃6周后,测定各组肝脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量及三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活力。结果 高、中剂量BPO组SOD活力分别为(40.15±7.13),(46.01±6.69)U/(mg·prot),与对照组(53.15±6.55)U/(mg·prot)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高剂量BPO组与对照组MDA含量分别为(1.93±0.37)和(1.57±0.33)nmol/(mg·prot),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高剂量BPO组Mg²⁺-ATP、Ca²⁺-ATP酶活力分别为(1.58±0.11)和(1.48±0.09)μmol Pi/(mg·prot),与对照组比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各剂量BPO组GSH-Px活力与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 BPO在一定程度上可降低小鼠肝脏抗氧化及Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺-ATP酶活力。     

乌头碱中毒及双黄连干预对心肌雷诺定受体表达的影响

目的：研究乌头碱中毒及双黄连注射液干预对心肌雷诺定受体(rynanodine receptor 2,RyR2)表达的影响,探讨双黄连对抗乌头碱致心律失常毒性的作用机制。方法：将52只SD大鼠随机分成3组：乌头碱组(A组,n=20),双黄连组(B组,n=20)和对照组(C组,n=12)。A,B两组先予乌头碱0.3 mg/kg灌胃,30min后A组予生理盐水腹腔注射,B组予双黄连100mg/kg腹腔注射;对照组两次均予生理盐水处理,连续给药10 d。于第1,3,6,10 天记录大鼠心电图变化并进行心律失常评分,采用免疫荧光染色及实时定量PCR技术检测大鼠心肌组织RyR2蛋白及基因的表达变化。结果：各时间点B组的心律失常评分均较A组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);第1天A组心肌RyR2蛋白及RyR2 mRNA表达即较B,C两组增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3,6,10天A组RyR2蛋白及RyR2 mRNA表达较B,C两组均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：双黄连可有效治疗乌头碱中毒引起的心律失常,其机制可能与降低乌头碱引起的RyR2异常高表达有关。     

13-正丙基巴马汀的抗心律失常作用

iv13—正丙基巴马汀(13—n—Ptopyl—Pal-matine)8mg·kg~(-1)能显著减少氯仿诱发小鼠室颤的发生率.提高哇巴因致豚鼠室早、室速、室颤及心搏停止的阈剂量。iv1、3 mg·kg~(-1)可明显减少CaCl_2诱发小鼠心律失常的发生率.缩短BaCl_2诱发大鼠心律失常的持续时间、但对乌头碱诱发大鼠心律失常无明显的对抗作用。此外,13—正丙基巴马汀还能明显提高大鼠心肌细胞膜Na~+,K~+—ATP酶的活性。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定伤痛外搽酊中毒性成分的透皮吸收量

目的 :观察伤痛外搽酊中毒性成分在体内外透皮吸收强度。方法 :采用高效毛细管电泳法测定了毒性成分在体外的渗透量和动物体内血液中毒性成分的透皮吸收量。结果 :体外法表明士的宁、马钱子碱的平均透过率分别为 :0 .5 63μg/ cm2 · h和0 .5 90μg/ cm2 · h;体内法表明伤痛外搽酊低、高剂量组家兔血液中均未检出乌头碱 ,低剂量组家兔血液中未检出士的宁 ,高剂量组家兔血液中士的宁含量为 3 2 .44 ng/ ml。结论 :本品中士的宁在动物体内外均有极微量的透皮吸收作用 ,乌头碱未见吸收