灭吐灵抗实验性心律失常作用的研究

本文结果表明,灭吐灵能明显提高乌头碱致大白鼠心律失常的用量。灭吐灵能产生浓度依赖性的负性肌力作用,并使动作电位零相上升的最大速率(dV/dt_(ma) X)降低,半效抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为4.22×10~(-5)M和5.31×10~(-5)M。灭吐灵(10~(-6)M～3×10~(-5)M)不影响动作电位幅度(APA)、动作电位复极20％及90％时的时程(APD_(20)、APD_(90))。高浓度时(10~(-4)M)才降低APA,缩短APD_(20)、APD_(90)。灭吐灵不影响静息电位(RP)。除dV/dt_(max)外,多巴胺(3×10~(-6)M)能逆转灭吐灵(10~(-4)M)的全部效应。     

盐酸关附甲素注射液对实验性心律失常的作用

关附甲素是从关白附子块根中提取的一种新生物碱。实验表明ＩＧＦＡＨ（５０　ｇ／ｍｌ）对大鼠离体心脏结扎冠脉诱发的室性心律失常有明显的保护作用，ＩＧＦＡＨ３、６、１２ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｖ能显著提高电刺激麻醉兔心室致颤阈值，ＩＧＰＡＨ１３．４，１６．８，２１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｖ能明显对抗Ｃａｌ２－Ａｃｈ液诱发小鼠房扑（颤），其ＥＤ５０为１２．４±１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。ＩＧＦＡＨ１０，２５，４０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｖ对乌头碱诱发的大鼠室性心律失常有明显的保护作用。ＩＧＦＡＨ小鼠ｉｖ的ＬＤ５０为１６３．９ｍｇ／ｋｇ，其９６％可信限为１５１．９—１７６．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

用薄层色谱法限量检测肩痹膏中的乌头碱

采用薄层色谱法对肩痹膏中乌头碱成分进行了限量检测，其检测范围为２．０～２０．０μｇ，提供了合理的限量控制手段。     

A randomized, single-blind comparison of topical clindamycin + benzoyl peroxide (Duac®) and erythromycin + zinc acetate (Zineryt®) in the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are often combined with other agents to provide topical acne treatments that are effective against both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions and minimize the development of antibiotic resistance. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical effectiveness of two combination treatments for facial acne: a ready mixed, once daily gel containing clindamycin phosphate (1%) plus benzoyl peroxide (5%) (CDP + BPO) and a twice daily solution of erythromycin (4%) plus zinc acetate (1.2%) (ERY + Zn). METHODS/PATIENTS: In this assessor-blind, randomized study, 73 patients were treated with CDP + BPO once daily and 75 patients with ERY + Zn twice daily. The treatment period was 12 weeks and lesion counts and global improvement were assessed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12. RESULTS: CDP + BPO showed an earlier onset of action with a faster significant reduction in total lesion counts than ERY + Zn. The proportion of patients with at least a 30% improvement in non-inflammatory lesions at week 1 was 31.5% for CDP + BPO and 17.3% for ERY + Zn; the corresponding percentages for inflammatory lesions were 39.7% and 29.3%. A difference was also observed at week 2 (53.4% vs. 36.0% for non-inflammatory lesions and 72.6% vs. 53.3% for inflammatory lesions). The trend in favour of CDP + BPO, although less marked, continued to the end of the study, with reductions in the total lesion count at endpoint of 69.8% for CDP + BPO group and 64.5% for ERY + Zn group. Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: CDP + BPO and ERY + Zn are effective treatments for acne but CDP + BPO has an earlier onset of action that should improve patient compliance.     

丸美伊豆凝胶与红霉素过氧苯甲酰凝胶治疗寻常痤疮疗效比较

目的评价丸美伊豆凝胶治疗寻常痤疮的疗效及安全性。方法将40例寻常痤疮患者随机分为实验组和对照组,分别用丸美伊豆凝胶(实验组)和红霉素过氧苯甲酰凝胶(对照组)治疗,2周后观察各组皮损变化情况。结果疗程结束时实验组总皮损数从31.45个降至11.35个,痊愈4例,显效10例,进步6例,有效率70%;对照组总皮损数从27.85个降至8.95个,痊愈1例,显效15例,进步4例,有效率80%。两组有效率经统计学检验,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组于治疗过程中仅有少数患者出现皮肤刺激症状,未见严重不良反应。结论丸美伊豆凝胶治疗痤疮效果不优于红霉素过氧苯甲酰凝,但安全、有效。     

Comparison of tretinoin solution and benzoyl peroxide lotion in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Summary

In a single-blind trial, 44 patients were treated with tretinoin solution and 44 patients were treated with benzoyl peroxide lotion for acne vulgaris for not less than 12 weeks. Both treatments were shown to have a beneficial effect. The improvements, as judged by patients' and clinical assessment and lesion count, were more marked in patients receiving tretinoin solution. Few side-effects were reported with either treatment.     

东莨菪碱治疗乌头碱中毒致心律失常25例

目的探讨东莨菪碱治疗乌头碱中毒的临床价值.方法1981-2002年间收治的急性乌头碱中毒致心律失常典型患者25例,经静脉注射或静滴东莨菪碱,最大用量3mg,最小0.6mg;同时给予支持对症治疗.病情稳定后予阿托品0.3mg,3/d口服,维持治疗1～3d.分析东莨菪碱治疗急性乌头碱中毒的可靠性.结果25例均未用抗心律失常药物,仅给予东莨菪碱治疗后心律失常纠正,成功救治.16例24h内中毒症状及体征全部消失,心电图恢复正常.住院2～7d,平均3d,痊愈出院.结论乌头碱中毒所致各种心律失常的治疗,首选东莨菪碱,剂量以个体化为宜.无心脏病史患者除非发生室颤等危及生命的严重心律失常需紧急采用直流电除颤外,无需抗心律失常药物干预.     

Herb-induced cardiotoxicity from accidental aconitine overdose

Patients who overdose on aconite can present with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Aconite must be prepared and used with caution to avoid cardiotoxic effects that can be fatal. We herein describe a case of a patient who had an accidental aconite overdose but survived with no lasting effects. The patient had prepared Chinese herbal medication to treat his pain, which resulted in an accidental overdose of aconite with cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. The patient had ventricular tachycardia, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Following treatment with anti-arrhythmic medications, defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, he made an uneventful recovery, with no further cardiac arrhythmias reported.     

Benzoyl Peroxide/2‐Vinylpyridine Synergy in RAFT Polymerization: Synthesis of Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) with Low Dispersity at Ambient Temperature

Redox‐initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of 2‐vinylpyridine at room temperature without a conventional reducing agent has been realized in the presence of an oxidizing agent only, i.e., benzoyl peroxide. Well‐defined poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is obtained with a low dispersity (dispersity = M_w/M_n = 1.11) and a conversion efficiency of 41.4% after 24 h at 25 °C. The kinetics, number‐average molecular weight, and dispersities for the polymerization of 2‐vinylpyridine are investigated. The results indicate that the number‐average molecular weight of the poly(2‐vinylpyridine) increases with the monomer conversion while retaining relatively low dispersity (M_w/M_n < 1.20).