基于CBL同伴互助教学方式在住院医师急诊医学规范化培训的应用

目的 探讨应用基于CBL 同伴互助教学方式提高住院医师急诊医学规范化培训效果。方法 随机选取在中国医科大学塔城地区医院急诊科进行住院医师规范化培训的学员共计96人,平均分成2组。观察组采用基于CBL 同伴互助教学方式进行急诊医学规范化培训;对照组采用传统临床教学方式进行培训。培训结束后,比较两组学员理论考试成绩和临床基本操作技能成绩,并采用问卷调查方式完成教学效果自我评价。结果 观察组规培学员理论考试成绩和技能考核成绩均显著高于对照组。观察组学员对自学能力、临床思维、临床技能、团队合作以及医患沟通等方面的自我评价均好于对照组。结论 采用基于CBL同伴互助教学方式能够提高住院医师临床规范化培训的教学效果,有望在未来的临床培训进行推广应用。     

Pediatric Single‐Lumen Cannula Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A French Center Experience

Single‐lumen cannula venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a special extracorporeal life support (ECLS) technique used for neonatal and pediatric refractory hypoxemia. This is an alternative flow rate ECLS that consists of successive clamping on the drainage and the injection lines. Currently, the Armand‐Trousseau's pediatric intensive care unit remains the only pediatric ECMO center proposing this partial assistance. This article details a technical note and a retrospective analysis of our experience in refractory hypoxemia. The retrospective study, from 2007 to 2011, included all pediatric and neonatal patients treated by single‐lumen cannula VV ECMO. The study was focused on pre‐ECMO patient characteristics and complications during ECMO course. During the last 5 years, 67 pediatric patients were assisted by this single‐lumen cannula VV ECMO. Sixty‐one patients (91%) were newborns. Thirty‐nine patients presented with meconium aspiration syndrome (58%), which was the most frequent etiology. Before cannulation, mean oxygenation index (OI) was 32 ± 11, alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference was 604 ± 47 mm Hg, and partial pressure arterial oxygen/fraction inspired oxygen ratio was 59.2 ± 35.8. Forty‐eight patients (72%) presented pulmonary hypertension, and 66 patients were treated by nitric oxide (98%). Fifty patients (75%) were treated by vasopressors or inotropic drugs. Average duration of ECMO was 13.2 ± 7.8 days. There were forty‐six survivors (69%). The worst prognosis was for respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. Complications like acute renal injury and hematologic and transfusion acts were not so different than those observed in classical ECMO techniques. Nevertheless, 19 patients presented a stroke (28% of the overall population), but this high rate did not seem to be due to the ECLS technique used. Single‐lumen cannula VV ECMO is a partial and efficient ECMO support. Our experience shows that this technique is as efficient and less invasive than two cannulas ECMO. The single‐lumen cannula VV ECMO is a simple and safe ECLS support used for neonatal or pediatric refractory hypoxemia. Because this is a partial assistance, it is a promising ECLS support.     

2005-2009年新建县晚期血吸虫病患者治疗救助

目的掌握新建县晚期血吸虫病患者治疗救助情况。方法收集2005-2009年新建县晚期血吸虫病患者治疗救助数据,采用《江西省晚期血吸虫病人治疗救助信息管理系统》录入并统计。结果 636例患者中,男女性别比1.19∶1,平均年龄61.52±11.2岁。患者以腹水型为主,占93.71%,其中切脾术后患者占32.38%,IHA阳性率31.6%,HBsAg阳性率24.37%,复治率44.50%,临床治愈率43.53%,好转率55.94%,病死率5.97%。结论晚期血吸虫病治疗救助取得了改善患者症状、缓解病情和提高生活质量的效果。     

舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难临床疗效观察

目的 探讨舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床疗效。方法 将60例脑卒中后吞咽困难患者,采用随机数字表法按患者入院先后顺序随机分为对照组30例,治疗组30例。两组均给予神经内科常规西药治疗及吞咽功能康复训练,对照组采用常规针刺,取廉泉、风府、哑门穴,治疗组在对照组基础上采用舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血,2周为1个疗程。2周后采用洼田饮水试验量表、改良曼恩吞咽能力评估（Mann assessment of swallowing ability,MASA）量表、改良Barthel指数（modified Barthel index,MBI）量表评价并比较两组的疗效。结果 治疗后两组患者洼田饮水试验量表评级比较,差异有统计学意义（Z=－4.026,P=0.000）;且治疗后治疗组的洼田饮水试验量表评级在Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级分布占比较多;广义估计方程统计结果表明,两组治疗方法产生的疗效不同,治疗组吞咽功能恢复情况优于对照组（P<0.05）,治疗后吞咽功能疗效优于治疗前（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗后MBI量表评分、MASA评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组MBI量表评分升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 舌面散刺联合金津、玉液点刺出血治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难疗效确切,该治疗方法可促进神经功能恢复,减轻患者脑卒中后吞咽困难症状,提高患者生活质量。     

L’argatroban,nouvel antithrombotique pour la thrombopénie induite par l’héparine en chirurgie cardiaque de l’adulte : utilisation en chirurgie cardiaque et en réanimation

ObjectivesAlthough heparin-induced thrombocytopemia (HIT) is uncommon, its thromboembolic complications are potentially life-threatening. The low-molecular weight heparins are less responsible of HIT than unfractionated heparin (UFH) but this latter is still indicated in some circumstances such as cardiac surgery. Argatroban, a selective thrombin inhibitor, recently available, has been indicated in HIT treatment. This review presents the main pharmacological characteristics, its indications and uses in the context of cardiac surgery and in intensive care medicine.MethodsReview of the literature in Medline database over the past 15 years using the following keywords: argatroban, cardiac surgery, circulatory assistance, cardiopulmonary bypass.ResultsDespite its short-acting pharmacokinetic, argatroban cannot be recommended during cardiopulmonary bypass. On the contrary, argatroban is indicated in many circumstances in postoperative period of various cardiac surgeries (on-pump, off-pump, circulatory assistance). Nevertheless, after cardiac surgery, doses have to be adapted according to coagulation laboratory testing (ACT), particularly in patients presenting acute organ failure (kidney injury, heart failure, liver failure). This compound has no antagonist and is excluded during severe hepatic failure. The continuous intravenous administration is a drawback.ConclusionArgatroban is a new direct competitive thrombin inhibitor well evaluated as treatment of HIT after cardiac surgery. In HIT management, argatroban is an interesting alternative to lepirudin that is not anymore available and danaparoid because of supply disturbances.     

闭合复位经皮穿针微创治疗新鲜Bennett骨折23例

目的：探讨闭合复位经皮穿针固定治疗Bennett骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法23例新鲜Bennett骨折患者在C型臂X线机透视下进行闭合复位经皮穿针内固定术,术后按TAM系统评定方法进行评估。结果随访本组23例,骨折全部愈合,均恢复良好活动度,优良率为91.3%。结论采用闭合复位经皮穿针微创治疗新鲜Bennett骨折是目前有效的手术方法之一。     

Non-financial social determinants of diabetes among public assistance recipients in Japan: A cohort study

Aims/IntroductionPoverty is an important social determinant of diabetes. Poverty is a multidimensional concept including non‐financial difficulties, such as social isolation and exclusion from communities. Many countries provide financial social assistance programs for those in need. This study aimed to explore non‐financial social determinants of diabetes among public assistance recipients in Japan, by using linkage data of two municipal public assistance databases and medical assistance claim data.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study. Public assistance is provided to households below the poverty line to ensure their income security. We extracted recipients’ sociodemographic factors of January 2016 (household number and employment status as non‐financial social determinants of diabetes) and identified the incidence of diabetes diagnosis until December 2016 as the outcome.ResultsWe included the data of 2,698 younger individuals (aged <65 years) and 3,019 older individuals (aged >65 years). A multivariable Poisson regression, with a robust standard error estimator, showed that among 2,144 younger recipients at risk, unemployment and living alone were slightly associated with 1‐year cumulative incidence of diabetes diagnosis (adjusted incidence ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.93–1.54 and adjusted incidence ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.89–1.48, respectively). Among 2,181 older recipients at risk, there was no strong association between their sociodemographic factors and incidence of diabetes diagnosis.ConclusionsUnemployment and living alone might be additional risk factors for diabetes among younger public assistance recipients. Multidimensional supports assuring financial and non‐financial securities are required to prevent diabetes among people living in poverty.     

A critical overview of the current myofascial pain literature – November 2018

This is the first issue of this review column since the passing of Dr. Leon Chaitow. We would like to take a brief moment to acknowledge how much his mentorship, friendship, and confidence have meant to us. Leon was a force in osteopathic and naturopathic medicine and his influence reaches to all corners of the musculoskeletal realm crossing over many disciplines through his lectures, workshops, and of course, his many books, editorials, and articles. In the foreword to one of his books, Jan Dommerholt wrote that “Leon Chaitow […] continued the work of Travell and Simons, but also of many others, whose contributions he has skillfully woven into an intricate tapestry of clinical pearls, practical tips, and solid evidence-informed research.” Dr. Chaitow was a synthesizer, who always considered what different clinicians and researchers could possibly contribute to a better understanding of pain and dysfunction and provide real solutions to real problems. Even when he would not necessarily agree with all suggested remedies, he maintained an open mind and was able to take a step back and consider the bigger picture. For example, Leon was not a big fan of dry needling, yet, he valued the importance of this approach and encouraged the inclusion of dry needling papers in this review article and in his journal. The Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies became his baby and, considering the growth of the journal, there is no question that Leon's intense focus and efforts are appreciated by many around the globe. We wish to extend our condolences to Leon's wife Alkmini and daughter Sasha. He will surely be missed, but we can find peace in knowing that his legacy will stay with us forever.In this issue, we have included several basic myofascial pain research articles. As usual, dry needling (DN) studies and case reports are the most commonly referenced papers, but we also included neuroscience and electromyography studies, sleep studies, interrater reliability studies, and case reports of adverse events.     

Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation

To determine the effect of aortic valve replacement on reversing abnormalities of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation, radionuclide cineangiography was used to study 16 symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation before and 6 months after aortic valve replacement. Before operation, left ventricular ejection fraction was 46 ± 3 percent at rest (normal mean ± standard error of the mean 57 ± 1 percent; P < 0.001), and decreased to 37 ± 4 percent during exercise (normal 71 ± 2 percent; P < 0.001). After operation, ejection fraction rose to 58 ± 4 percent at rest, indistinguishable from the normal value, and during exercise was 53 ± 4 percent, increased (P < 0.001) from before operation but significantly (P < 0.001) subnormal. Thus, aortic valve replacement can improve but usually does not normalize left ventricular function during exercise in symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation.     

Cardiovascular Health Outcomes of Latinos in the Affordable Housing as an Obesity Mediating Environment (AHOME) Study: A Study of Rental Assistance Use

Studies have shown that households subsidized with vouchers live in higher quality units and exhibit fewer physical, mental, and social problems than do their peers living in public housing. However, none of these studies have included cardiovascular outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess if use/type of rental assistance is independently associated with poor cardiovascular health among Latino adults (ages ≥18) who are eligible for federal low-income rental assistance and living in the Bronx, NY. Data from the cross-sectional, Affordable Housing as an Obesity Mediating Environment study, collected over 18 months (January 2011 to August 2012) were used. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes was determined by measured high blood pressure and self-reported heart attack and/or stroke. Type of housing status was defined as: public housing units, units subsidized by section 8 vouchers, and units unassisted by either federal program. Statistical techniques used were analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of CVD was significantly higher among public housing residents than unassisted participants even in the presence of all individual level covariates. Public housing residents also have higher levels of CVD than do section 8 participants. The prevalence of CVD was similar for unassisted and section 8 participants. These findings point to the potential for health benefits arising from housing voucher use even within a fairly delimited geographic area.