PLS—紫外分光光度法同时测定复方阿斯匹林片中三组分含量

本文研究了复方阿斯匹林片中阿斯匹林、非那西丁和咖啡因含量同时测定的紫外分光光度法的最佳实验条件,并简述偏最小二乘法(PLS)在多组分同时测定中的基本原理和应用。三组分模拟试样回收率平均值的置信区间分别为100.1±0.23%,100.0±0.25%和100.1±0.33%(置信度95%)。PLS法是一种理想的多组分测定方法,计算速度较快,结果更准确可靠,尤其适用于成批试样的分析,为微机控制的紫外可见分光光度计提供了一种新方法。     

多瑞吉与美施康定治疗中重度癌痛疗效与费用分析

[目的]比较芬太尼透皮贴剂(多瑞吉)与硫酸吗啡控释片(美施康定)治疗中重度癌痛的疗效、副作用及费用.[方法]自2002年6月至2003年12月,用多瑞吉或美施康定治疗中重度癌痛89例,分为多瑞吉组(42例)和美施康定组(47例).多瑞吉贴于皮肤,初始剂量(25～50)μg/h,于60～72h后换贴.美施康定口服给药,初始剂量为20mg～30mg,q12h.根据疼痛缓解情况调整剂量,直至将疼痛缓解为轻度疼痛.多瑞吉和美施康定中位维持剂量分别为50μg,/h(25μg/h～250μg/h)、140mg/d(20mg/d～420mg/d).疗程中出现暴发痛者给予即释吗啡10mg肌肉注射.疗程中出现胃肠道反应及便秘等其它反应者给予对症处理.比较两组患者的疗效、副作用及费用.[结果]多瑞吉和美施康定的疼痛缓解率分别为90.5%、91.5%,差异无显著性(X2=0.068,P=0.794).常见副反应有恶心、呕吐、头晕、嗜睡、便秘.多瑞吉组便秘发生率低于美施康定组,有显著性意义(X2=17.276,P=0.000).其它副作用差异无显著性.两组的平均费用分别为1926.4元、1535.5元,多瑞吉高于美施康定,在差异有显著性(t=2.128,P=0.036).[结论]多瑞吉与美施康定各有优缺点,应根据具体情况作出合理的选择.     

阿司匹林对维持性血液透析患者血小板活化的影响

目的探讨阿司匹林对维持性血液透析患者血小板活化的影响。方法将研究对象分3组(A组和B组各10 人,均为维持性血液透析患者,其自身动静脉内瘘反复失败;C组10人,为健康志愿者,做为对照组),A组病人口服阿司匹林75mg／d,B组不服用阿司匹林,观察3个月内血透病人自身动静脉内瘘的存活情况,并采用流式细胞仪测定其治疗前后血小板活化指标(CD62P,CD63,PAC-1)的表达,并进行组间比较。结果阿司匹林治疗后,A组活化血小板百分率明显低于B组,但仍高于C组(CD62P:A组2．63±1．08,B组5．21±1．90,C组1．31±0．88,PA-B<0． 002,PA-C<0．01;CD63:A组1．34±0．53;B组1．92±0．88,C组0．77±0．47,PA-B>0．05,PA-C<0．05;PAC-1:A组1． 35±0．68,B组2．13±0．87,C组0．81±0．41,PA-B<0．05,PA-C<0．05)。结论阿司匹林能部分抑制血小板活化。     

富血小板血浆(PRP)联合点阵疗法治疗雄激素源性脱发的临床观察

目的观察富血小板血浆(PRP)联合点阵疗法治疗雄激素源性脱发的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机对照方法,纳入90例男性雄激素源性脱发患者,随机分为联合组、PRP组、非那雄胺组,各30例,非那雄胺组采用口服非那雄胺治疗,PRP组采用PRP外用+口服非那雄胺治疗,联合组采用PRP外用+点阵疗法+口服非那雄胺治疗,观察治疗前后受试者脱发及头皮油腻、瘙痒等症状改善情况评价临床疗效,监测血液、尿液常规及肝肾功能等指标评价安全性。结果经治疗后,联合组有效率93.33%,PRP组76.67%,非那雄胺组66.67%,三组有效率具有显著差异(P <0.05),联合组疗效优于PRP组,优于非那雄胺组;联合组1例、PRP组3例受试者在治疗中出现轻微肌肤刺痛、红斑,予冰敷处理后症状消失;PRP组2例受试者出现少量红色丘疹,原因为肌肤过感,给予抗敏治疗后缓解;三组患者均未出现瘢痕或者感染,血液、尿液常规及肝肾功检测均未出现异常。结论富血小板血浆联合点阵疗法对雄激素源性脱发患者临床疗效显著,安全性高,值得推广应用。     

阿司匹林对维持性血透合并糖尿病患者心脑血管事件发生风险的影响

目的:探讨对维持性血液透析合并糖尿病患者应用阿司匹林降低心脑血管事件的疗效和安全性。方法:选取进行维持性血液透析合并糖尿病的患者为研究对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组患者给予阿司匹林治疗,对照组不给予阿司匹林治疗。结果:86例患者纳入队列研究,其中治疗组42例、对照组44例。随访2年,2组全因死亡及心脑血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义;2组出血事件发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:阿司匹林不能明显减少维持性血液透析合并糖尿病患者心脑血管事件的发生,出血风险亦无显著增加。     

Increased Incidence of Bleeding and Wound Complications With Factor-Xa Inhibitors After Total Joint Arthroplasty

Background

Factor-Xa inhibitors have been introduced for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after joint arthroplasty. However, these agents could also be associated with bleeding or wound complications after surgery.

Radiation doses to staff involved in sentinel node operations for breast cancer

BACKGROUND: The use of radioactive compounds for sentinel node biopsy is now a generally accepted part of the surgical treatment of breast cancer and melanoma, with the risk of radiation exposure to the operating team. The aim of this investigation was to study the levels of this exposure in relation to the permissible radiation dose limits. METHODS: The radiation exposure to the hands and bodies of the operating surgeons (the 'risk persons') was measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters in 79 operations and to the pathologists handling the specimens in 17 cases. Radioactivity and dose rate measurement from tumours and breast specimens were also performed. RESULTS: During an operation the mean skin dose (+/-SD) to the thermoluminescent dosimeters placed at the hand and the abdominal wall were 0.04 +/- 0.04 mSv (79 operations) and 0.01 +/- 0.02 mSv (67 operations) respectively. For the pathologist, the mean hand dose per operation was below the detection limit (17 operations). Correlation between the measured dose rate and the radioactive content of the tumours was 0.998. CONCLUSIONS: The radiation exposure to the staff involved in sentinel node (SN) biopsy for breast cancer using radioactive labelled tracers will be considerably below the permissible limits, even with high numbers of SN biopsy procedures. Pregnant staff members should participate in <100 SN operations.     

Chemopreventive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the development of a new colorectal polyp or adenoma in a high-risk population: a meta-analysis

Background

Although many experimental, epidemiologic, and clinical studies have suggested that aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in reducing and preventing colorectal adenomas, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) are still being carried out to obtain statistically reliable results.

Objective

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review long-term, prospective RCTs investigating the effect of NSAIDs on the relative risk (RR) for developing ≥1 new colorectal polyp or adenoma in a high-risk population.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and other electronic databases (including Inter-Science, Science Direct, Ebsco, Synergy, and Proquest) (key terms: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, colorectal, and polyps; years: 1974-2004) for English-language articles. Eligible studies were analyzed in terms of demographic data, adverse effects, and effect of NSAIDs on the RRs.

Results

Four long-term, prospective RCTs were used in the statistical analysis. A total of 2069 high-risk patients were enrolled; 1880 patients completed the studies, and 1127 were in active-treatment groups (aspirin 81-325 mg/d or sulindac 150-300 mg/d). Our meta-analysis of these studies revealed that the overall RR for developing ≥ 1 new colorectal polyp or adenoma was significantly reduced by using aspirin or other NSAIDs (RR = 0.809; 95% CI, 0.718-0.912).

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that regular use of aspirin 81 to 325 mg/d or sulindac 150 to 300 mg/d for ≥1 year was associated with a decrease in the RR for developing ≥ 1 new colorectal polyp or adenoma to 0.80 (95% CI, 0.718-0.912) in patients at high risk.     

达格列净对 2 型糖尿病患者胰岛素 抵抗、血脂及 Hcy 的影响

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨达格列净应用于 2 型糖尿病治疗中对胰岛素抵抗、血脂水平及同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的影响。 方法：选取江门市新会区第二人民医院 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 4 月期间收治的 200 例 2 型糖尿病患者,按照随机数字表法 分成观察组与对照组,各 100 例。对照组采用常规药物治疗,观察组采用达格列净治疗,对两组患者胰岛素抵抗、血脂水 平、Hcy 水平进行比较。结果：治疗前两组患者的胰岛 β 细胞功能指数（HOMA–β）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA–IR）比 较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）;治疗后两组患者的 HOMA–β 有不同程度提高,HOMA–IR 有不同程度下降,且观察 组的 HOMA–β 高于对照组,HOMA–IR 低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗前两组患者的高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇（HDL–C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL–C）、总胆固醇（TC）比较,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）;治疗后两 组患者的 HDL–C 均有不同程度的提高,LDL–C、TC 有不同程度的下降,且观察组的 HDL–C 高于对照组,LDL–C、TC 低 于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。治疗前两组患者的同型半胱氨基酸（Hcy）水平比较,差异无统计学意义 （P ＞ 0.05）;治疗后两组患者的 Hcy 均有不同程度下降,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论： 达格列净应用于 2 型糖尿病治疗中可改善患者胰岛素抵抗、血脂水平及 Hcy 水平。