不孕不育者对人工授精技术的伦理态度调查研究

目的：研究不孕不育者对人工授精技术的伦理态度,促进该项技术更好地为患者服务.方法：自制问卷调查了223名不孕不育者.结果：不孕不育者对AIH、AID的态度存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;对婚姻家庭生活选择相对宽容;精子的商品化趋向值得关注;必须采取一定措施以保证精子和人工授精儿的质量.结论：AID会引发许多伦理问题,临床应用时更应遵循有利于患者、知情同意等伦理原则和相关法律规定,以减少纠纷,造福社会.     

基于人工智能的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别系统

目的 构建基于人工智能的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别系统,快速识别和分析患者临床信息,高效地输出正确的诊疗方案。方法 基于国内外最新高血压性脑出血诊疗指南,经多位高年资神经外科医生和专业人工智能团队共同讨论,构建基于语言表征模型和专家模块的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别及决策系统（即H系统）。随后将收集到的高血压性脑出血病例分为训练集、测试集和验证集,以数据库中病例的真实治疗方案为金标准,先总体评价H系统的准确性,再将其与神经外科医生进行对比,分析H系统的判读效率。结果 在测试集中,H系统所输出的治疗方案的准确率为94.0%（91.5%~96.5%）,特异度为91.8%（86.3%~97.3%）,灵敏度为95.5%（89.3%~98.2%）,曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）值为0.936（0.922~0.950）（P=0.000）;在验证集中,H系统所输出的治疗方案的准确率为93.3%（89.5%~97.1%）,特异度为 89.9%（83.4%~96.4%）,灵敏度为95.8%（92.3%~99.3%）,AUC值为0.928（0.891~0.966）（P=0.000）。在处理同样的70例病例时,H系统用时（334.60±4.46）s,而神经外科医生用时（12 550.28±95.45）s;在50 min内,H系统处理的病例数为（383±3）例,而神经外科医生处理的病例数为（11±4）例。结论 本研究所构建的H系统能够对高血压性脑出血患者的急诊病例进行自动识别和分析,并快速输出准确的诊疗方案,可协助医生对高血压脑出血进行急诊诊疗。     

清热化毒丸的薄层色谱鉴别研究

目的:建立清热化毒丸的薄层色谱鉴别方法,为制定其质量控制标准提供试验依据。方法:采用薄层色谱鉴别法鉴别处方中的主要药味。结果:处方中的赤芍、甘草、荆芥、青黛四味药的薄层色谱具有鉴别特征。结论:薄层色谱鉴别方法简便可靠,专属性、重现性好,可作为清热化毒丸的质量控制指标。     

高效液相色谱法测定通络活血丸人参皂苷Rg1含量

[目的]建立通络活血丸中人参皂苷Rg1含量的测定方法。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Kromasil C184.6mm×250mL,4.6μm;流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液(21∶80),检测波长为203nm,流速为0.8mL/min。[结果]人参皂苷Rg1含量在0.83与0.89之间,平均回收率99.26%,RSD为1.2%,结果表现回收率良好。[结论]方法简便、准确、专属性强、重现性好,可作为通络活血丸的治疗控制方法。     

严重硅油乳化取出联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的 观察眼内硅油填充2至5年严重乳化,硅油抽出联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入,术中和术后情况.方法 对于25例(26眼)硅油眼内填充2～5年后严重乳化者,先冲洗出前房硅油乳化油滴,及进行房角分离术,再行晶状体超声乳化吸出术,缝合角膜切口,再经巩膜切口抽吸硅油,查看视网膜情况后,最后经角膜切口植入人工晶状体.结果 术后随访6 ～18个月,角膜均未见水肿或失代偿.眼压升高12例(12眼),噻吗心安滴眼,2周后眼压恢复正常.均未出现视网膜再次脱离或人工晶状体移位,术后视力均较术前提高.结论 对于严重硅油乳化且无法观察眼底者要及时取出硅油,手术步骤的安排和手术技巧是成功的关键,而且必须联合晶体摘出,减少再次手术.     

Artificial Sweeteners in Breast Milk: A Clinical Investigation with a Kinetic Perspective

Artificial sweeteners (ASs) are calorie-free chemical substances used instead of sugar to sweeten foods and drinks. Pregnant women with obesity or diabetes are often recommended to substitute sugary products with ASs to prevent an increase in body weight. However, some recent controversy surrounding ASs relates to concerns about the risk of obesity caused by a variety of metabolic changes, both in the mother and the offspring. This study addressed these concerns and investigated the biodistribution of ASs in plasma and breast milk of lactating women to clarify whether ASs can transfer from mother to offspring through breast milk. We recruited 49 lactating women who were provided with a beverage containing four different ASs (acesulfame-potassium, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose). Blood and breast milk samples were collected before and up to six hours after consumption. The women were categorized: BMI < 25 (n = 20), BMI > 27 (n = 21) and type 1 diabetes (n = 8). We found that all four ASs were present in maternal plasma and breast milk. The time-to-peak was 30–120 min in plasma and 240–300 min in breast milk. Area under the curve (AUC) ratios in breast milk were 88.9% for acesulfame-potassium, 38.9% for saccharin, and 1.9% for cyclamate. We observed no differences in ASs distributions between the groups.     

A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Human Diabetic Retinal Image Interpretation in an Urban Health System

Introduction:Artificial intelligence (AI) diabetic retinopathy (DR) software has the potential to decrease time spent by clinicians on image interpretation and expand the scope of DR screening. We performed a retrospective review to compare Eyenuk’s EyeArt software (Woodland Hills, CA) to Temple Ophthalmology optometry grading using the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy scale.Methods:Two hundred and sixty consecutive diabetic patients from the Temple Faculty Practice Internal Medicine clinic underwent 2-field retinal imaging. Classifications of the images by the software and optometrist were analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and McNemar’s test. Ungradable images were analyzed to identify relationships with HbA1c, age, and ethnicity. Disagreements and a sample of 20% of agreements were adjudicated by a retina specialist.Results:On patient level comparison, sensitivity for the software was 100%, while specificity was 77.78%. PPV was 19.15%, and NPV was 100%. The 38 disagreements between software and optometrist occurred when the optometrist classified a patient’s images as non-referable while the software classified them as referable. Of these disagreements, a retina specialist agreed with the optometrist 57.9% the time (22/38). Of the agreements, the retina specialist agreed with both the program and the optometrist 96.7% of the time (28/29). There was a significant difference in numbers of ungradable photos in older patients (≥60) vs younger patients (<60) (p=0.003).Conclusions:The AI program showed high sensitivity with acceptable specificity for a screening algorithm. The high NPV indicates that the software is unlikely to miss DR but may refer patients unnecessarily.     

Titanium-Pillared Clay: Preparation Optimization,Characterization, and Artificial Neural Network Modeling

Titanium-pillared clay (Ti-PILC), as one of the most suitable types of porous adsorbents/(photo)catalysts, was prepared from a local type of Iranian clay and titanium isopropoxide. The production process was optimized by changing three operating parameters, including the clay suspension concentration (in the range of 0.5–10% w/v), the H⁺/Ti ratio (2–8 mol/mol), and the calcination temperature (300–700 °C). The largest specific surface area for the Ti-PILC was about 164 m²/g under the clay suspension of 0.5% w/v, H⁺/Ti = 6, with a surface area 273% larger than that of the raw clay. The surface areas obtained from more concentrated clay suspensions were, however, comparable (159 m²/g for 3% w/v clay and H⁺/Ti = 4). An increase in the calcination temperature has a negative effect on the porous texture of Ti-PILC, but based on modeling with artificial neural networks, its contribution was only 7%. Clay suspension and H⁺/Ti ratio play a role of 56 and 37% of the specific surface area. The presence of rutile phase, and in some cases anatase phase of TiO₂ crystals was detected. FTIR and SEM investigations of Ti-PILCs produced under different operating parameters were analyzed.     

大鼠坐骨神经缺损半个月后人工组织神经移植物修复的实验研究

为了观察人工组织神经移植物对大鼠坐骨神经非新鲜损伤的修复作用。我们在成年SD大鼠左侧股中部切除部分坐骨神经制造神经缺损模型。15d后,实验组(9只)用人工组织神经移植物修复神经缺损,自体神经修复作为阳性对照(6只),保持神经缺损为阴性对照(6只)。第二次手术后3个月,电生理学、形态学结果显示实验组的再生神经虽略差于自体对照组,但明显优于缺损对照组,腓肠肌的萎缩形态学指标变化则较接近自体对照组。实验结果表明人工组织神经移植物对已缺损15d的大鼠周围神经具有较好修复作用。     

肺癌免疫治疗中分离反应的研究进展

肺癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,也是全球癌症死亡的主要原因[1]。近年来,随着免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs) 的应用、发展与兴起,一小部分晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC) 患者可从中获益。随着对ICIs药物应用后治疗效果的观察,与化疗药物及靶向药物可引起的典型反应,包括完全缓解(complete response,CR)、部分缓解(partial response,PR)、疾病稳定(stable disease,SD)、疾病进展(progressive disease,PD)比较,ICIs可引起另一种非典型反应模式,包括超进展、假性进展、分离反应等。与前两种非典型反应模式比较,目前的研究数据对分离反应的研究报道相对较少。本文回顾一些分离反应的研究,探讨其意义并思考其后续治疗方法。