葛根素对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

葛根素(puerarin)即4,7-二羟8-β-D葡萄糖异黄酮,为血管扩张药,具有改善微循环,抗氧化和清除自由基的作用.本文采用大鼠制作肠缺血再灌注损伤的模型,研究葛根素注射液对肠粘膜的保护作用及其机制,为扩展其临床新用途提供实验依据.     

甘肃黄芩抗氧化有效成分的分离鉴定

目的 :分离鉴定甘肃黄芩丙酮提取物的抗氧化有效成分。方法 :采用色谱柱进行分离 ,以波谱及标准品方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 :从丙酮提取物中分离得到了5个化学成分 ,分别为千层纸素A(oroxylinA ,Ⅰ )、汉黄芩素 (wogonin ,Ⅱ )、黄芩素 (baicalein ,Ⅲ )、甘黄芩苷元 (ganhuangenin ,Ⅳ )、甘黄芩素 (ganhuangemin ,Ⅴ )。从甲醇提取物得到黄芩苷 (baicalin ,Ⅵ )。结论 :甘黄芩素 (ganhuangemin)为首次从甘肃黄芩中分离得到的二氢黄酮醇类化合物 ,黄芩素和甘黄芩苷元有较强的抗氧化活性 ,明显的高于BHT(butylatedhydroxytoluene)的抗氧化活性。     

鹿茸口服液对抗氧化酶的影响

目的:研究鹿茸口服液对青年及老年小鼠的抗氧化作用.方法:灌服鹿茸口服液后,测定小鼠SOD、CAT和GSHpx活性及MDA含量.结果:鹿茸口服液对老年小鼠SOD活性增强和MDA含量降低作用均明显强于对青年小鼠,并能增强老年小鼠肝CAT和GSHpx活性.结论:鹿茸口服液对老年小鼠具有抗氧化作用.     

Potentiating effects of honey on antioxidant properties of lemon-flavoured black tea

Health benefits including antioxidant potential of black tea (Camellia sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon) and honey bees (Apis mellifera) have been extensively reported. Nevertheless, nothing is reported about the effects of their concomitant use. Herein, those effects were evaluated in infusions of lemon-flavoured black tea with three different kinds of honey (light amber, amber and dark amber) from Lavandula stoechas, Erica sp. pl. and other indigenous floral species from north-east Portugal, a region with high amounts of this food product. Data obtained showed that the use of honey (dark amber>amber>light amber) potentiates the antioxidant activity of lemon-flavoured black tea, increasing the reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition properties, as also the antioxidant contents such as phenolics, flavonoids and organic acids including ascorbic acid.     

The use of antioxidant compounds in the treatment of first psychotic episode: Highlights from preclinical studies

Recent evidence highlighted a pathogenetic link between redox dysregulation and the early stages of psychosis. Indeed, an increasing number of studies have pointed toward an association between oxidative stress, both at central and peripheral levels, and first psychotic episode. Moreover, basal low antioxidant capacity has been shown to directly correlate with cognitive impairment in the early onset of psychosis. In this context, the possibility to use antioxidant compounds in first psychotic episode, especially as supplementation to antipsychotic therapy, has become the focus of numerous investigations on rodents with the aim to translate data on the possible effects of antioxidant therapies to large populations of patients, with a diagnosis of the first psychotic episode. In this review, we will discuss studies, published from January 1st, 2007 to July 31st, 2017, investigating the effects of antioxidant compounds on neuropathological alterations observed in different rodent models characterized by a cluster of psychotic‐like symptoms reminiscent of what observed in human first psychotic episode. A final focus on the effective possibility to directly translate data obtained on rodents to humans will be also provided.     

Radioprotective effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) oil against hemopoietic damage and immunosuppression in gamma-irradiated rats

Background and aim:?Sixty male Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups, 15 each, were designed as I-control rats, II-rats orally intubated with Nigella sativa oil (1?ml/kg b.wt./day) for 5 days/week, III-whole body gamma irradiated rats with the estimated LD50/30 (4 Gray) and IV-rats daily intubated with Nigella sativa oil then subjected to whole body gamma irradiation, to investigate the radioprotective potential of Nigella crude oil against hemopoietic adverse effects of gamma irradiation.

Results:?Irradiation resulted in significant reduction in hemolysin antibodies titers and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of irradiated rats, in addition to significant leukopenia and significant decrease in plasma total protein and globulin concentrations and depletion of lymphoid follicles of spleen and thymus gland. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde concentration with a significant decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase, catalase and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities were recorded. Oral administration of Nigella sativa oil before irradiation considerably normalized all the above-mentioned criteria; and produced significant regeneration in spleen and thymus lymphoid follicles.

Conclusion:?Our results strongly recommend Nigella sativa oil as a promising natural radioprotective agent against immunosuppressive and oxidative effects of ionizing radiation.     

Eight new bibenzyl derivatives from Dendrobium candidum

Eight bibenzyl derivatives, namely dendrocandins J–Q (1–8), were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium candidum. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1–8 were examined for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, and the IC₅₀ values were 36.8, 70.2, 45.0, 60.5, 87.6, 50.4, 22.3, and 30.3 μM, respectively.     

Relationship between oxidative stress parameters and asymptomatic organ damage in hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective. We aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress (OS) parameters such as total antioxidant status or TAS, total oxidant status (TOS), OS index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), arylesterase, and total thiol in hypertensive patients with and without asymptomatic organ damage (AOD), and to determine the relationship between these parameters and AOD. Design. Sixty-six patients (21 men, 45 women) with AOD and 66 patients without AOD (21 men, 45 women) were enrolled in the study. Serum OS parameters were measured by colorimetric method. Results. The OSI levels were found to be higher while PON1, PON1/high-density lipoprotein, and arylesterase levels were found to be lower in patients with AOD compared with those in the patients without AOD. Stepwise regression analysis showed high 24-h mean systolic blood pressure, OSI, and low arylesterase level to be independent predictors of AOD. Conclusion. OS level was found to be higher in hypertensive patients with AOD compared with the patients without AOD. However, it is not clear whether increased OS leads to AOD or AOD increases the level of OS. For this purpose, OS level needs to be decreased by antioxidant therapies and patients need to be followed up for a longer duration.     

Daily consumption of apple,pear and orange juice differently affects plasma lipids and antioxidant capacity of smoking and non-smoking adults

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between a fruit and vegetable-rich diet and cardiovascular diseases; this beneficial effect of fruits and vegetables is probably due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. In contrast, cigarette smoking is a high risk factor for lung and heart diseases, associated with chronic oxidative stress. In the present study, the effect of the consumption of a pear, an apple and 200 ml orange juice, during 26 days, on total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid profile of chronic smokers and non-smoking healthy adults was analyzed. Fruit consumption increased TAC in non-smokers, but not in smokers. In non-smokers, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly; while in smokers, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased. We may conclude fruit/juice supplementation showed different effects, depending on the smoking habit: in non-smokers it increased TAC and cholesterol; in smokers it reduced cholesterol, whithout inducing a TAC increase.     

Immunogenicity and efficacy of a bivalent DNA vaccine containing LeIF and TSA genes against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

There is no effective vaccine for the prevention and elimination of leishmaniasis. For this reason, we assessed the protective effects of DNA vaccines containing LeIF, TSA genes alone, or LeIF–TSA fusion against cutaneous leishmaniasis pEGFP‐N1 plasmid (empty vector) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were used as control groups. Therefore, cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated before and after the challenge with Leishmania major. Lesion diameter was also measured 3–12 weeks after challenge. All immunized mice with plasmid DNA encoding Leishmania antigens induced the partial immunity characterized by increased IFN‐γ and IgG2a levels compared with control groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the immunized mice showed significant reduction in mean lesion sizes compared with mice in empty vector and PBS groups (p < 0.05). The reduction in lesion diameter was 29.3%, 34.1%, and 46.2% less in groups vaccinated with LeIF, TSA, and LeIF‐TSA, respectively, than in PBS group at 12th week post infection. IFN/IL‐4 and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios indicated that group receiving LeIF–TSA fusion had the highest IFN‐γ and IgG2a levels. In this study, DNA immunization promoted Th1 immune response characterized by higher IFN‐γ and IgG2a levels and also reduction in lesion size. These results showed that a bivalent vaccine containing two distinct antigens may induce more potent immune responses against leishmaniasis.