Svenska Psykiatriska Föreningen: De epileptiska attackernas periodicitet och menstruationen

Kara kolleger! Forra aret hade jag förmånen an få stå här pa samma plats och i en diskussion få sjunga, som jag då trodde, fentiazinernas svanesång. Mitt inlägg var väl en smula tillspetsat med avsikt. Jag vill idag inledningsvis framhålla, att i begrepet positiv kritik ligger skyldigheten att framlägga ett alternativ till det man kritiserar och jag vill därför som ett alternativ till fentiazinbehandlingen framhälla behandlingen med butyrofenoner, eventuellt i kombination med små doser av fentiaziner eller thiaxantener. Ämnet för mitt föredrag idag blir butyrofenonernas kemi och farmakologi.     

老山芹根中亲脂性化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的分析老山芹根的亲脂性化学成分。方法采用GC-MS法对其亲脂性化学成分进行分析,面积归一化法计算其相对含量。结果从老山芹根中鉴定出了33个化合物,并确定了其相对含量,其中石油醚部分鉴定出19个化合物,氯仿部分鉴定出14个化合物。结论老山芹根中亲脂性化学成分主要为长链醇、甾醇和香豆素类化合物。     

Relationship of sleep duration on workdays and non-workdays with blood pressure components in Chinese hypertensive patients

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship of sleep duration on workdays and non-workdays with BP components [systolic BP (SBP), diastolic (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)] among Chinese hypertensive adults.

Methods: The study included 3,376 hypertensive patients without antihypertensive treatment. Self-reported sleep durations on workdays and non-workdays were measured by the questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sleep duration with BP components.

Results: Overall, compared with a sleep duration of 5–9 h, individuals who slept ≥10 h on both workdays and non-workdays were positively correlated with SBP [β (95% CIs) = 3.99 (1.06, 6.93) and 4.33 (1.79, 6.87)] and PP [β (95% CIs) = 3.25 (0.71, 5.79) and 3.05 (0.85, 5.25)], but not with DBP. Moreover, individuals who slept ≥10 h only on non-workdays had higher MAP [β (95% CIs) = 2.30 (0.63, 3.97)]. The stratified analyses showed that subjects with a BMI ≥24 kg/m² in the longer sleep duration group (≥10 h) only on workdays compared to the reference group had higher SBP, DBP and MAP (all P for interaction <0.05). The effect of longer sleep duration on BP components showed no difference in the following subgroups: sex, age, smoking and drinking (all P for interaction >0.05).

Conclusion: Compared with a sleep duration of 5–9 h, longer sleep duration (≥10 h) on workdays and non-workdays was associated with high SBP and PP among Chinese hypertensive adults without antihypertensive treatment.     

A novel true volumetric method for the determination of residual leucocytes in blood components

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Accurate determination of residual leucocytes [white blood cells (WBC)] in blood components is of high clinical importance. To date, several labour-intensive, time-consuming or expensive techniques have been used for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A method for the determination of residual WBC is described using a novel low-cost flow-cytometric cell counter and analyser (CCA). The DNA in WBC was stained using 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and WBC were automatically analysed by true volumetric counting of 200-microl samples (prepared from a 20-microl undiluted sample). RESULTS: Dilution experiments over a range of 0.5-50 WBC/microl showed a linearity of r = 0.998. The detection limit of this method was 0.83 WBC/microl of red blood cell concentrate (RCC) and 0.67 WBC/microl of platelet concentrate (PC), with an accuracy of 95.5%. CONCLUSION: Residual WBC (< 1 WBC/microl) can be accurately counted using the CCA within 2 min and at a total cost of less than euro 1 per sample.     

In Situ Investigation of Strain Localization in Sintered,Porous Segmented Alumina

Evaporation of paraffin and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene admixed with alumina powder for the slip casting and sintering process allowed the obtainment of segmented porous alumina ceramics with 50% total porosity, whose deformation behavior we studied. Structurally, these ceramic materials were composed of large and small pores, and a system of discontinuities subdividing the samples into segments. Using digital image correlation (DIC), strain distribution maps were obtained that allowed the observation of strain localization zones, where primary cracks propagated along the interblock discontinuities. Two stages were revealed to be responsible for different mechanisms that provided the sample with damage tolerance under compression loading: the first stage was crack propagation along the block boundaries, which was followed by the second stage of microcracking and fragmentation, consisting of filling of the free spaces with fragments, compaction band generation, and stabilization of the crack. Both stages comprise a cycle that is repeated again and again until the full volume of the sample is occupied by the compaction bands.     

紫背水竹叶根生药学初步研究

目的：对紫背水竹叶根进行生药学研究,为扩大和寻找新药源提供科学依据。方法：采用基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等方法对紫背水竹叶根进行生药学研究。结果：紫背水竹叶根中除有梯纹导管外,还有类字母形导管;其乙醇提取液试验、水提取液试验、石油醚提取液中含有蛋白质、氨基酸、糖、皂苷、酚类、有机酸、黄酮类、生物碱等成分。结论：紫背水竹叶有效成分丰富,为进一步深入研究奠定了基础。     

多指标正交试验优选祖师麻有效部位群的提取工艺

目的优选祖师麻有效部位群的最佳提取工艺。方法以总香豆素、总黄酮和祖师麻甲素提取率为评价指标,用多指标综合评分法进行数据处理,采用正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、乙醇用量、回流时间、回流次数对提取效果的影响。结果祖师麻有效部位群最佳提取工艺为:加8倍量的70%乙醇,加热回流2次,每次2 h。结论该提取工艺设计合理,结果可靠,提取效果较好。     

Synovial fluid microanalysis allows early diagnosis of ceramic hip prosthesis damage

The first clinical sign of ceramic hip prosthesis failure is hip noise. We therefore investigated whether isolation, observation at scanning electron microscopy, and chemical identification with microanalysis of particles from synovial fluid of “noisy hip” could be predictive of ceramic damage. Firstly, the level of “physiological wear” of well functioning ceramic‐on‐ceramic hip prostheses was assessed with this method, then the test was validated as diagnostic method for liner fracture. Twelve asymptomatic patients were enrolled to demonstrate the first aim; 39 cases of noisy hip (GROUP 1), and 7 cases of pending failure not related to ceramic (GROUP 2) were enrolled for the second aim. The analysis of the synovial fluid of the 12 asymptomatic patients allowed to set the “physiological wear” threshold. The analysis of GROUP 1 hips demonstrated the presence of ceramic particles (2 physiological, 12 mild, and 25 strong). The analysis of GROUP 2 showed a physiological presence of ceramic particles in all cases. Revision surgery in GROUP 1 was performed in 16 hips out 25 with strong ceramic particle presence and 2 out of 12 with mild ceramic particle presence. Failure of the ceramic component was evident in all but one of these cases, while the integrity of components was demonstrated in all seven hips of GROUP 2. Synovial fluid microanalysis can be a useful surrogate in predicting ceramic failure particularly when a strong presence of ceramic particles is observed. On the contrary there is not enough evidence to predict ceramic failure in presence of mild positivity. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1312–1320, 2012