冻疮凝胶的组方优选及对大鼠实验性冻伤的治疗作用

经优选组方，制得冻疮凝胶。药效学试验表明，对大鼠后足Ⅰ度冻伤有显著的治疗作用。     

A1 Adenosine receptors can occur manifesting two kinetic components of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine ([3H]DPCPX) binding

The results described in this paper show, for the first time, that At adenosine receptors can have two kinetic components for the binding of the antagonist [³H]DPCPX. At low ionic strength ( 42mmo1/l), dissociation of [³H]DPCPX bound to A₁ receptors fitted better to a two kinetic components model than to a one kinetic component model. The kinetic constants were consistent with comparable Kd values for the two components of the antagonist binding, and therefore these two components cannot be distinguished by saturation isotherm analysis. Correspondence to: E.I. Canela at the above address     

茄根酸性组分对环氧化酶-2的影响

目的：探讨茄根酸性组分的抗炎机理。方法：可溶性淀粉诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，以脂多糖（LPS）刺激腹腔巨噬细胞，加入外源性花生四烯酸（AA），用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定细胞培养液中PGE2的含量。用PGE2生成量表示COX2活性。结果：与模型对照组比较，茄根酸性组分具有极显著降低PGE2含量的作用。结论：茄根酸性组分能极显著地抑制COX2的生成和COX2生成后的活性。对COX2的抑制作用，可能是茄根酸性组分发挥抗炎作用的主要机理之一。     

Temporal disaggregation using multivariate structural time series models

Summary In this paper, we provide a multivariate framework for temporal disaggregation of time series observed at a given frequency into higher frequency time series. The suggested method uses the seemingly unrelated time series equations model and it is estimated by the Kalman filter. The methodology is flexible enough to allow for almost any kind of temporal disaggregation problems of both raw and seasonally adjusted time series. Comparisons with other temporal disaggregation methods proposed in the literature are presented using a wide OECD data set.     

Comparison of Event-Related Potentials of Young Children and Adults in a Visual Recognition and Word Reading Task

An experiment is described in which event-related potentials (ERPs) of a group of young children were compared with ERPs of a group of young adults. Both groups were required to perform a simple word-reading task and a picture-recognition task. Principal components analyses (PCAs) were performed on the averaged ERPs in two different ways: a) separately for each of four combinations of tasks and age groups, and b) separately for each age group (pooled across tasks). The results demonstrated that ERP components of children and adults differed both qualitatively and quantitatively. First, children's ERPs were characterized by a long-latency negative component (N500) and a slow positive wave (SW) component, and adults’ ERPs were characterized by two late positive components (P340 and SW respectively). Second, both children and adults showed an earlier positive component that varied in peak latency between 280 ms for children and 240 ms for adults. In addition, adults showed a marked increase in SW positivity in the word-reading task as compared with the picture-recognition task, while task effects were less manifest in the components of children. These results support the notion that children and adults differed both in speed as well as in their mode of processing under the different task requirements.     

Neuronal and glial markers in tumours of neuroblastic origin

Summary The presence and distribution of different neural markers in 30 neuroblastic tumours (neuroblastomas, ganglioneuroblastomas) and 6 non-neuroblastic tumours were investigated by immunocytochemistry. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were localized in 3 undifferentiated neuroblastic tumours (group A), 12 poorly differentiated tumours (group B) and 15 well differentiated neuroblastic tumours (group C). Non-neuroblastic tumours (3 lymphomas and 3 Ewing sarcomas) showed no immunoreactivity.Tyrosine hydroxylase and, in particular, NSE were found in mature ganglion cells and developing neuroblasts of poorly and well differentiated tumours (groups B and C). S-100 was localised in neuroblasts with slender cytoplasmic processes in the same groups. Neurofilaments were detected in ganglion cells and differentiated neuroblasts (groups B and C) while GFAP was localised in immature neuroblasts of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated tumours (groups A and B). Thus, there are differences in the neural proteins found in neuroblastic tumours and a wide panel of antibodies against neural markers may be a useful tool in the histological assessment of nervous system neoplasms.     

Genetic Epidemiology of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Diabetes Heart Study

A genome-wide linkage scan of 357 European American (EA) and 72 African American (AA) pedigrees multiplex for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was performed with multipoint nonparametric QTL linkage analysis. Four subclinical measures of cardiovascular disease (CVD): coronary artery (CCP), carotid artery (CarCP), and abdominal aortic calcified plaque (AACP) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were mapped. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and (if appropriate) ethnicity and diabetes status.
Evidence for linkage was observed in EA T2DM subjects to CarCP near 16p13 (LOD=4.39 at 8.4 cM; P = 0.00001). When all EA subjects were included, the LOD score was 2.52, suggesting an amplification of the linkage by diabetes. Linkage analysis of a principal components measure of vascular calcium (LOD = 3.85 at 9.3 cM on 16p in EA T2DM subjects) and bivariate analysis of CarCP X IMT (LOD = 3.77 at 9.3 cM on 16p in EA T2DM subjects) were consistent with this linkage. In addition, evidence for linkage was observed with CCP near D15S1515 (LOD = 2.34) in EAs. Additional loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 10, 13, and 21 had LODs > 2.0. The identification of trait-determining polymorphisms underlying these linkages will help delineate risk factors for CVD in T2DM and the general population.     

The fifth component of complement (C5): purification without activation

In the course of our studies on the structural change of C5 by acidification (U. Rother et al., 1978), we found that the C5 preparations purified according to published methods contained more or less activated C56. When added to sensitive target cells (guinea pig or chicken erythrocytes), C5 mediated lysis by C7-C9 without the addition of C6 or any activation procedure. Generation of C56 was probably due to drastic changes in the physicochemical environment during purification. Such changes like high or low pH or high ionic strength were shown to cause activation. A method for purification of C5 is described in which polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, as well as low or high pH, was avoided. As a last step, traces of C6 were removed by affinity chromatography. The resulting preparation was free of C56. Activation by acidification was not possible without the addition of C6. The total recovery of C5 was 12% with almost no loss of specific activity.     

Finger control in the tripod grasp

The present study aimed to determine whether grasping is based on either (1) synchronous finger movements producing stereotyped types of grasp, or (2) independently controlled finger movements producing variable final finger postures. Participants reached for and grasped sphere-shaped objects of three sizes. They were allowed to select three different grasp configurations: a "pinch" grip (thumb and index finger), a "middle" grip (thumb and middle finger) and a "tripod" grip (thumb and index plus middle finger). Object distance from the subject was varied in order to verify whether finger control and final finger postures varied according to the degree of accuracy required by target object distance. All the participants always selected the tripod grip when reaching for the large and medium size objects. The pinch grip was used by half of the participants when reaching for the small object, but only in 17% of the trials. Target object distance did not appear to influence the type of selected grip. The tripod grip was found to consist of two different components: an aperture component (opening and closing the gap between the thumb and opposition finger) and a finger separation component (increasing and decreasing the gap between the index and middle fingers). The timing of the aperture component was the same for the index and middle fingers. In contrast, the timing of the finger separation was weakly coupled with the aperture components. Moreover, the relative spatial position among the three fingers during and at the end of grasp varied according to object size. When grasping the large object, both the index finger and the middle finger were in opposition to the thumb. In contrast, when grasping the small object, the index finger was less in opposition to the thumb with respect to the middle finger. The final spatial position of the thumb relative to the starting position was independent of object size, whereas those of the index and middle fingers varied with object size. The results support the notion that grasp is accomplished by using two virtual fingers formed by the thumb and one or more other fingers that synchronously open and close on the object along the opposition space [Arbib 1990; in: Jeannerod M (ed) Attention and performance XIII: motor representation and control. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 111–138]. This suggests a degree of coupling between the control of the virtual fingers. Electronic Publication