雪莲果成分及药理活性研究进展

雪莲果中主要含有酚酸、黄酮、倍半萜内酯、低聚果糖等化合物，在抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、抑菌、抗癌等方面作用明显。雪莲果根茎及叶中含有大量的酚酸类化合物，主要为咖啡酸及其衍生物，该类物质使得雪莲果具有明显的抗氧化作用。同时，该类物质也可通过改善胰岛素敏感性而产生降低血糖的作用。低聚果糖在雪莲果块茎中含量丰富，可通过调节肠道菌群平衡而改善肠道功能。雪莲果叶表面的香毛簇中含有倍半萜内酯类化合物，该类物质可明显抑制癌细胞的增殖，其中uvedafolin、enhydrofolin活性较强，并且该类物质对革兰氏阳性菌具有明显的抑制作用。在结构上，环氧基团的数量的差异，与抗癌、抑菌作用的强弱有一定关联。除此之外，雪莲果中还含有挥发油、脂肪酸、甾醇、二萜、对羟基苯乙酮衍生物以及辛酮糖酸衍生物等化合物，具有抗阿尔茨海默病、保护肾脏、降血脂等药理作用。然而，目前对雪莲果中化合物的分离鉴定等方面的研究还不完善，相关药理作用仍有待深入。因此通过查阅国内外相关报道，对雪莲果中的化学成分和药理作用进行归纳总结，以期对雪莲果的综合开发利用提供参考。     

浅谈现代化设备对血液成分制备工作的影响

随着近些年科学技术的不断进步,关于制备血液的设备也陆续出现,改变了以往靠人工制备血液的传统方式,不仅增加血液储备,同时也避免了血液的浪费,提升了血站的血液供应能力,可减少不良事件发生例数,使信息一体化,能够帮助血液成分制备工作顺利进行。该文将细致探讨现代化设备对血液成分制备工作的影响。     

Metabolomics study on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction in coronary heart disease based on LC-Q-TOF/MS and GC-MS analysis

The present study aims is to investigate the metabolic mechanism of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction (XFZYD) in the treatment of blood-stasis syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). To that end, 30 CHD patients with Blood-Stasis Syndrome (BSS) and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled. LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis determined that in comparison between CHD with BSS patients (Group A) and healthy subjects (Group C), 59 significantly differential metabolites in the positive mode and 18 significantly differential metabolites in the negative mode. The metabolite constituents in the plasma of 30 CHD with BSS patients before (group A) and after 30 days of treatment (Group B), and 20 healthy subjects (Group C) were analyzed using LC-Q-TOF/MS and GC-MS. Based on multivariate statistical analysis (PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA), we determined 69 differential metabolites. The levels of hemorheology indexes were significantly down-regulated after treatment. Metabolic pathway attribution analysis showed that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism pathways are involved. Our study identifies the metabolic networks of CHD and demonstrates the efficacy of this metabolomics approach to systematically study the therapeutic effect of XFZYC on CHD.     

中药配方精油——一种中药入药新形式的思考

饮片是中医临床用药的主体,随着中医用药现代化,中药配方颗粒逐步发展并初具规模。虽有中药注射剂、口服液等的加工形式,但只占中药市场的少部分,并以内服为主。而脂溶性成分口服时,溶出受限,吸收相对较少,且具有刺激胃肠道的副作用,造成患者耐受性低。虽有水提、醇提等加工制成的外用制剂,但多为粗制剂,且剂量随意,在一定程度上造成了脂溶性成分的浪费。而中药的脂溶性成分大多具有较好的生物活性,如五味子乙素、丹参酮、绿原酸甲酯等,但却没有合适的药用形式。若想"药"尽其用,就必须对中药的脂溶性成分进行系统研究,在提取、分离和收集工艺均相当成熟的基础上,研发以脂溶性成分为主的,药理药效确切的,又利于其吸收的药用形式。中药精油具有抗衰老、抗痴呆、抗氧化等多种活性,已广泛应用于临床、药妆、保健品等领域。但单方精油作用有限,配伍既可增强药效、降低毒性,也可扩大精油应用范围。因此,可将中药配方精油作为中药入药新形式,并以外用为主、内服为辅,以弥补中药外用多为粗制剂、剂量随意的不足和内服吸收少、刺激胃肠道的劣势,满足临床用药需求,更快、更准、更好、更强地发挥脂溶性成分的药效。     

Middle Components of Human Auditory Averaged Electroencephalic Response: Waveform Variations During Averaging

The bases for variations of the middle-component (8–50 ms) auditory averaged electroencephalic response (AER) to clicks during the averaging process were explored by examining (1) the trend of the mean variance of the averaged waveform, (2) averaged waveforms generated by successive blocks of stimuli fractioned from a total of 512 stimuli, and (3) averaged waveforms generated by successive, but partially overlapping, blocks of responses recorded for a train of 512 stimuli. These analyses indicated no systematic changes in peak latencies or peak-to-peak amplitudes as stimulation progressed. Fluctuations in middle AER waveform are more readily explained by non-stationarity of the background electrophysiologic noise. Previously reported amplitude reduction with increasing stimulus number possibly can be explained by progressive reduction of the background noise on which the consistent-amplitude middle components are superimposed.     

Nutrition and oxidative stress: a systematic review of human studies

Oxidative stress (OS) – defined as the imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defences – is a condition associated with chronic-degenerative disease, such as cancer, metabolic and disease cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies have shown that diet and some of its components could influence the intensity of OS damage. The aim of this review was to critically examine some pieces of evidence from observational and intervention study in human beings to assess whether diet and its components can really modify OS in vivo. Furthermore, we tried to find out the possible mechanism behind this association. We considered all studies in MEDLINE which fitted with the following criteria: (1) adult subjects who were healthy or affected by metabolic disease and CVDs; (2) no food supplements, pillows, powder but only common foods and beverages and (3) OS assessment with well-known and validated in vivo biomarkers.     

维药小茴香根皮化学成分初步研究

目的对维药小茴香根皮化学成分进行初步研究。方法采用试管法和滤纸法对维药小茴香根皮的水、酸水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过预实验,初步推断维药小茴香根皮中可能含有的化学成分。结果维药小茴香根皮中可能含有糖类及其苷、内酯化合物、酚类、鞣质、黄酮类、生物碱、挥发油、油脂、三萜及甾醇等化学成分。结论本研究为维药小茴香根皮的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础。     

Estimation of annual effective dose due to ingestion of natural radionuclides in foodstuffs and water at a proposed uranium mining site in India

Abstract

Purpose: To study the distribution of ²¹⁰Po, ²²⁶Ra, ²³⁰Th and U(nat) (naturally occurring radioisotopes of uranium [²³⁴U, ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U]) in food and water around the Bagjata uranium mining area in India.

Materials and methods: Radionuclides were analyzed in food samples of plant and animal origin after acid digestion. Intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclides were estimated.

Results: ²¹⁰Po, ²²⁶Ra, ²³⁰Th and U(nat) in all the dietary components ranged widely from < 0.2–36, < 0.02–1.58, < 0.01–2.8 and < 0.017–0.39 Bqkg^-1, respectively. The range of ²²⁶Ra and U(nat) in water was < 3.5–206 and < 12.6–693 mBql^?1, respectively. The intake of radionuclides considering food and water was calculated to be 760 BqY^?1 while the ingestion dose was 601 μSvY^?1. The estimated doses reflect the natural background dose via route of ingestion, which is below the 1 mSvY^?1 limit set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). However, the doses are more than the dose constraint of 300 μSvY^?1 as suggested by the ICRP for members of the public for planned disposal of long-lived radioactive waste.

Conclusion: The study confirms that current levels of radionuclides do not pose significant radiological risk to the local inhabitants, but they need close investigation in the near future.